Adaptive quantization of orthogonal transform coefficients for setting a target amount of compression

• US 5,937,098 A
• Filed: 02/06/1996
• Issued: 08/10/1999
• Est. Priority Date: 02/06/1995
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: PENTAX RICOH IMAGING COMPANY, LTD.
• Original Assignee: Asahi Kogaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha
• Inventors: Abe, Nobuaki
• Primary Examiner(s): Au, Amelia
• Assistant Examiner(s): Johnson, Timothy M.
• Application Number:
  US08/598,207
• Time in Patent Office: 1,281 Days
• Field of Search: 382/232, 382/239, 382/248, 382/250, 382/251, 341/51, 341/107, 341/59, 348/403, 348/404, 348/405, 348/420, 348/419, 358/430, 358/432, 358/433, 358/261.1, 358/261.2
• US Class Current: 382/239
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 9/005 Statistical coding, e.g. Huffman, run length coding

Abstract

An image signal compressing device having a spatial frequency data amount setting unit and a quantization table generation unit. A set data amount is set in the spatial frequency data amount setting unit for each of a plurality of spatial frequencies based on a preset total data amount and a discrete cosine transformation (DCT) data statistical amount corresponding to quantized DCT coefficients using a quantization table in which all quantization coefficients are "1". An amount of encoded data obtained using a predetermined quantization coefficient is estimated in the quantization table generation unit. The predetermined quantization coefficient is adopted as a resultant quantization coefficient of the quantization table when the estimated data is not greater than the set data amount set in the spatial frequency data amount setting unit.

Claims

1. An image signal compressing device, comprising:

means for applying an orthogonal transformation to original image data to obtain orthogonal transformation coefficients for each of a plurality of spatial frequencies that include a first spatial frequency and a second spatial frequency, said orthogonal transformation coefficients being deemed to be equivalent to quantized orthogonal transformation coefficients obtained using a first set of quantization coefficients;

means for encoding said quantized orthogonal transformation coefficients, said encoding means arranging said quantized orthogonal transformation coefficients in a predetermined one-dimensional array with respect to said plurality of spatial frequencies, said encoding means once performing an encoding calculation based on said arranged quantized orthogonal transformation coefficients to obtain encoded data for each of said plurality of spatial frequencies during an operation of said image signal compressing device;

means for setting a target value which defines a degree of compression by which an amount of said encoded data is compressed, said target value being replaceable by said amount of said encoded data for each of said plurality of spatial frequencies;

means for estimating an amount of said encoded data of said first spatial frequency based on a statistical value of said encoded data of said second spatial frequency, said first spatial frequency being provided adjacent to said second spatial frequency in said one-dimensional array; and

means for obtaining a second quantization coefficient, associated with one quantization coefficient of said first set of quantization coefficients, corresponding to said first spatial frequency, so that said estimated amount of said encoded data of said first spatial frequency does not exceed said target value, said encoding means classifying said quantized orthogonal transformation coefficients into categories, based on a value of said quantized orthogonal transformation coefficients, and obtaining a run length based on a number of consecutive "0"'"'"'s of said quantized orthogonal transformation coefficients, said estimating means estimating said amount of said encoded data of said first spatial frequency based on said categories and said run length, said encoding means once performing said encoding calculation on said quantized orthogonal transformation coefficients after said estimating means estimates said amount of encoded data and said obtaining means obtains said second quantization coefficient.

2. The device of claim 1, wherein said orthogonal transformation applying means divides said original image data into a plurality of blocks to obtain said orthogonal transformation coefficients, said estimating means using a number of blocks classified to category "0" which corresponds to a "0" of said statistical value of said encoded data of said second spatial frequency, when estimating said amount of said encoded data of said first spatial frequency.

3. The device of claim 2, wherein said estimating means estimates said number of blocks classified to said category "0" both in said first and said second spatial frequencies, based on the number of blocks which are classified to said category "0" in said second spatial frequency.

4. The device of claim 2, wherein said estimating means estimates said number of blocks classified to category "0" in said second spatial frequency and to category "j", "j" being a positive integer, in said first spatial frequency, based on said number of blocks classified to category "0" in said second spatial frequency.

5. The device of claim 2, wherein said estimating means estimates said number of blocks classified to category "0" in both said first spatial frequency and said second spatial frequency when using a predetermined quantization coefficient, based on a category table indicating a number of blocks classified to category "0" in both said first spatial frequency and said second spatial frequency when using a quantization coefficient of "1".

6. The device of claim 2, wherein said estimation means estimates said number of blocks classified to category "0" in said second spatial frequency and to category "j", "j" being a positive integer, in said first spatial frequency, based on a category table indicating a number of blocks classified to category "0" in both said first spatial frequency and said second spatial frequency when using a quantization coefficient of "1".

7. The device of claim 1, wherein said orthogonal transformation means divides said original image data into a plurality of blocks to obtain said orthogonal transformation coefficients, said estimating means obtaining a number of blocks classified to each of said categories in each of said plurality of spatial frequencies when using a predetermined quantization coefficient, based on a number of blocks classified to a category in each of said plurality of spatial frequencies when using a quantization coefficient of "1".

8. The device of claim 1, wherein said one-dimensional array is obtained by performing a predetermined scanning operation on a two-dimensional array.

9. The device of claim 8, wherein said predetermined scanning operation comprises a zigzag scanning operation.

10. The device of claim 1, wherein said first set of quantization coefficients are all "1".

11. The device of claim 1, wherein said statistical value comprises a category distribution and a distribution of said data obtained by said encoding means.

12. An image signal compressing device, comprising:

an orthogonal transformation coefficient applying device that applies an orthogonal transformation to original image data to obtain an orthogonal transformation coefficient for each spatial frequency of a plurality of spatial frequencies, said orthogonal transformation coefficient applying device dividing said original image data into a plurality of blocks to obtain said orthogonal transformation coefficient;

a quantizer that obtains quantized orthogonal transformation coefficients using a quantization table composed of predetermined quantization coefficients;

an encoder that encodes said quantized orthogonal transformation coefficients, said quantized orthogonal transformation coefficients being arranged in a predetermined one-dimensional array with respect to said plurality of spatial frequencies, said encoder performing an encoding calculation based on said arranged quantized orthogonal transformation coefficients to obtain encoded data for each of said plurality of spatial frequencies;

a target value setting device that sets a target value defining a degree of compression by which an amount of encoded data is compressed, said target value being replaced by said amount of encoded data for each of said plurality of spatial frequencies;

an estimator that estimates said amount of encoded data for each of said plurality of spatial frequencies without having to encode said quantized orthogonal transformation coefficients, by classifying a first spatial frequency of said quantized orthogonal transformation coefficients into a plurality of categories in accordance with a value of each quantized orthogonal transformation coefficient, by obtaining a run length distribution of a category "0" of said first spatial frequency based on a number of blocks forming a single image, a number of blocks corresponding to category "0" and a number of blocks corresponding to other than category "0", a run length/category table of said first spatial frequency being generated based upon said run length distribution, a category distribution of an "i"th spatial frequency being generated, a run length distribution of category "0" of said "i"th spatial frequency being generated based upon the number of blocks of category "0" of an "i-1"th spatial frequency and a run length distribution of category "0" of said "i-1"th spatial frequency, a run length/category table of said "i"th spatial frequency being generated from i=2 through i=n, so that a run length/category table of each of a second spatial frequency through in "n"th spatial frequency is generated, an amount of encoded data obtained for each spatial frequency being based on said run length/category table of each spatial frequency and a table of code lengths of code words, determined by a combination of said category and run length; and

an obtainer that obtains a modified quantization coefficient corresponding to each of said plurality of spatial frequencies, so that said estimated amount of encoded data does not exceed said target value, where "i" is a natural number and "n" represents a maximum value.

13. The image signal compressing device of claim 12, wherein said estimator estimates said amount of encoded data of said first spatial frequency based on said statistical value of said encoded data of said second spatial frequency, said estimator obtaining a number of blocks Z 0! in which a run length is "0", based on a number of blocks C 1˜

! in which a category does not belong to "0" in said "i+1"th spatial frequency, said estimator obtaining a number of blocks Z in which said run length is at least equal to 1 by obtaining a number of blocks C'"'"' 0! in which said category is "0" in said "i"th spatial frequency, a number of blocks Z'"'"' 0! in which said run length is "0" in said "i" spatial frequency, and a number of blocks C 0! in which said category is "0" in said "i+1"th spatial frequency.

14. The image signal compressing device of claim 13, wherein, regarding said number of blocks C 0! in which said category is "0", a number of blocks Z k+1! in which a run length is "k+1" and a number of blocks Z k+2! in which said run length is "k+2" in said "i+1" spatial frequency are generated in accordance with a ratio of said number of blocks Z'"'"' k+1! in which said run length is "k+1" to said number of blocks Z'"'"' k! in which said run length is "k" in said "i"th spatial frequency.

15. The image signal compressing device of claim 12, wherein said estimator estimates said number of blocks in which categories are "0" in both said "i"th spatial frequency and said "i+1" spatial frequency when quantization coefficients are changed, based upon a rate of change in said number of blocks in which said category is "0" in said "i+"th spatial frequency and a rate of change in said number of blocks in which said category is "0" in said "i+1"th spatial frequency, said run length being calculated for each spatial frequency in accordance with said number of blocks in which said categories are "0".

16. The image signal compressing device of claim 12, wherein said target value setting device comprises:

a default quantization table in which all quantization coefficients are "1"; and

a predetermined filtering table, said target value setting device quantizing said orthogonal transformation coefficients using said default quantization table, said target value being set in accordance with said default quantization table and said predetermined filtering table.

17. An image signal compressing device, comprising:

an orthogonal transformation coefficients applying device that applies an orthogonal transformation to original image data to obtain orthogonal transformation coefficients for each spatial frequency of a plurality of spatial frequencies;

a quantizing device that quantizes said orthogonal transformation coefficients using a quantization table composed of predetermined quantization coefficients, to obtain quantized orthogonal transformation coefficients;

an encoding device that encodes said quantized orthogonal transformation coefficients in a predetermined one-dimensional array with respect to said plurality of spatial frequencies, an encoding calculation being based on said arranged quantized orthogonal transformation coefficients to obtain encoded data for each of said spatial frequency of said plurality of spatial frequencies;

a target value setting device that sets a target value defining a degree of compression by which an amount of said encoded data is compressed, said target value varying by said amount of said encoded data for each said spatial frequency of said plurality of spatial frequencies, said target value setting device having a default quantization table, in which all quantization coefficients are "1", said target value setting device further having a predetermined filtering table, said target value being set based upon a ratio of said amount of compressed image data quantized by said default quantization table for each said spatial frequency of said plurality of spatial frequencies to values of said predetermined filtering table; and

an obtaining device that obtains a modified quantization coefficient corresponding to each said spatial frequency of said plurality of spatial frequencies, so that an estimated amount of said encoded data does not exceed said target value.