Glucose concentration measuring method and apparatus

• US 5,961,449 A
• Filed: 08/24/1998
• Issued: 10/05/1999
• Est. Priority Date: 05/16/1996
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Fujifilm Corporation (Fujifilm Holdings Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Fuji Photo Film Co Limited (Fujifilm Holdings Corporation)
• Inventors: Miyagawa, Ichirou, Toida, Masahiro
• Primary Examiner(s): WINAKUR, ERIC FRANK
• Application Number:
  US09/138,124
• Time in Patent Office: 407 Days
• Field of Search: 600/316, 600/318, 600/319
• US Class Current: 600/319
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 3/10 Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/14532 for measuring glucose, e.g. by tissue impedance measurement
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/1455 using optical sensors, e.g. spectral photometrical oximeters
• CPC Class Codes: G01B 9/02003 using beat frequencies
• CPC Class Codes: G01B 9/02004 using frequency scans
• CPC Class Codes: G01B 9/02007 Two or more frequencies or sources used for interferometric measurement using only beat G01B9/02003
• CPC Class Codes: G01B 9/02014 by using pulsed light
• CPC Class Codes: G01B 9/02057 by using common path configuration, i.e. reference and object path almost entirely overlapping
• CPC Class Codes: G01B 9/0209 Low-coherence interferometers

Abstract

A low coherence light beam is irradiated to the eyeball. A backward scattered light beam, which is reflected from each depth position in the eyeball, and a reference light beam, which is reflected from a mirror capable of moving, are caused to interfere with each other. A first backward scattered light beam, which comes from the interface between the cornea and the anterior aqueous chamber, and a second backward scattered light beam, which comes from the interface between the anterior aqueous chamber and the crystalline lens, are thus separated accurately from each other. An optical absorbance of the anterior aqueous chamber (the aqueous humor) is calculated from the intensities of the two backward scattered light beams. Each of a plurality of low coherence light beams having different wavelengths is irradiated to the eyeball, and the aforesaid operation is repeated. The concentration of glucose in the aqueous humor is measured by utilizing near-infrared spectroscopy. The measurement is thus achieved non-invasively and accurately.

Claims

1. A glucose concentration measuring method, comprising the steps of:

i) irradiating an ultrashort pulsed light beam, which has been radiated out of a predetermined light source, to the eyeball,

ii) measuring each of an intensity of a first backward scattered light beam of said ultrashort pulsed light beam, said first backward scattered light beam coming from an interface between the cornea and the anterior aqueous chamber of the eyeball, and an intensity of a second backward scattered light beam of said ultrashort pulsed light beam, said second backward scattered light beam coming from an interface between the anterior aqueous chamber and the crystalline lens of the eyeball,

iii) obtaining light absorption characteristics of constituents of the aqueous humor, which fills the anterior aqueous chamber, from the intensity of said first backward scattered light beam and the intensity of said second backward scattered light beam,

iv) obtaining light absorption characteristics of the constituents of the aqueous humor with respect to each of a plurality of other ultrashort pulsed light beams, which have wavelengths different from the wavelength of said ultrashort pulsed light beam, by repeating steps i)-iii) with each of the plurality of other ultrashort pulsed light beams, and

v) calculating a concentration of glucose in the constituents of the aqueous humor from the light absorption characteristics, which have been obtained with respect to the plurality of said ultrashort pulsed light beams having different wavelengths.

2. A method as defined in claim 1 wherein said ultrashort pulsed light beams are selectively radiated out of a single light source.

3. A method as defined in claim 1 wherein each of said ultrashort pulsed light beams is radiated out of one of a plurality of different light sources.

4. A glucose concentration measuring method, comprising the steps of:

determining concentrations of glucose in the constituents of the aqueous humor, which with a method as defined in claim 1, and invasively measuring the corresponding concentrations of glucose in the blood, correlating the concentrations of glucose in the constituents of the aqueous humor and the concentrations of glucose in the blood, and

non-invasively determining a concentration of glucose in the blood from a concentration of glucose in the constituents of the aqueous humor, which concentration is newly measured with a method as defined in claim 1, and said correlation.

5. A glucose concentration measuring apparatus, comprising:

i) a light source device for radiating out a plurality of ultrashort pulsed light beams, which have different wavelengths,

ii) an optical time-domain backward scattering measurement means for irradiating said plurality of ultrashort pulsed light beams to the eyeball, and carrying out time series measurement of each of an intensity of a first backward scattered light beam of said ultrashort pulsed light beam, said first backward scattered light beam coming from an interface between the cornea and the anterior aqueous chamber of the eyeball, and an intensity of a second backward scattered light beam of said ultrashort pulsed light beam, said second backward scattered light beam coming from an interface between the anterior aqueous chamber and the crystalline lens of the eyeball,

iii) a light absorption characteristics analyzing means for obtaining light absorption characteristics of constituents of the aqueous humor, which fills the anterior aqueous chamber, from the intensity of said first backward scattered light beam and the intensity of said second backward scattered light beam, and

iv) a glucose concentration calculating means for calculating a concentration of glucose in the constituents of the aqueous humor from the light absorption characteristics, which have been obtained with respect to the plurality of said ultrashort pulsed light beams having different wavelengths.

6. An apparatus as defined in claim 5 wherein said light source device comprises a single light source capable of selectively radiating out each of the plurality of said ultrashort pulsed light beams, and a control means for controlling said light source such that said light source may selectively radiate out one of the plurality of said ultrashort pulsed light beams.

7. An apparatus as defined in claim 5 wherein said light source device comprises a plurality of light sources, each of which radiates out one of said ultrashort pulsed light beams.

8. A glucose concentration measuring apparatus, as defined in claim 5, further comprising a table representing correlation between concentrations of glucose in the constituents of the aqueous humor and concentrations of glucose in the blood, which have been measured previously.