Balanced boost/buck DC to DC converter

• US 6,002,603 A
• Filed: 02/25/1999
• Issued: 12/14/1999
• Est. Priority Date: 02/25/1999
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Capstone Turbine Corp.
• Original Assignee: Elliott Energy Systems, Inc.
• Inventors: Carver, John F.
• Primary Examiner(s): NGUYEN, MATTHEW VAN
• Application Number:
  US09/257,443
• Time in Patent Office: 292 Days
• Field of Search: 363/16, 363/17, 363/55, 363/56, 363/95, 363/97, 363/98, 363/131, 363/132
• US Class Current: 363/98
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/158 including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load

Abstract

A DC to DC converter includes a first transistor having a first power terminal connected to one side of a DC power supply and a second power terminal connected to one end of an inductor. A second transistor has a first power terminal connected to the other end of the inductor and a second power terminal connected to the other side of the DC power supply. A pair of capacitors is connected in series and defined therebetween a node which is connected to a ground potential. A third transistor has a first power terminal connected to the one end of the inductor and a second power terminal connected to one end of the pair of capacitors. A fourth transistor has a first power terminal connected to the other end of the pair of capacitors and a second power terminal connected to the other end of the inductor. Each transistor includes a diode connected between the first power terminal and the second power terminal thereof. Each diode is oriented to conduct current in a direction opposite its corresponding transistor. A controller is connected to a control terminal of each transistor for controlling the switching thereof. The DC to DC converter can be operated to increase or decrease a DC voltage between the DC power supply and the pair of capacitors connected in series. Connecting the ground potential to the node between the pair of capacitors avoids generating large potential differences between the DC power supply and the pair of capacitors.

Claims

1. A DC to DC converter, comprising:

an inductor;

a first transistor having a first power terminal connectable to one side of a DC power supply and a second power terminal connected to one end of the inductor;

a second transistor having a first power terminal connected to the other end of the inductor and a second power terminal connectable to another side of the DC power supply;

a pair of capacitors connected in series and defining a node therebetween which is connected to a ground potential;

a third transistor having a first power terminal connected to the one end of the inductor and a second power terminal connected to one end of the pair of capacitors;

a fourth transistor having a first power terminal connected to the other end of the pair of capacitors and a second power terminal connected to the other end of the inductor; and

a controller connected to a control terminal of each transistor for controlling the switching thereof.

2. The DC to DC converter as set forth in claim 1, wherein the second power terminal of the second transistor is connected to the ground potential.

3. The DC to DC converter as set forth in claim 1, wherein the inductor comprises a pair of inductors connected in series and defining a node therebetween which is connected to the ground potential.

4. The DC to DC converter as set forth in claim 3, wherein:

the DC power supply includes a pair of DC power supplies connected in series; and

the ground potential is connected between the pair of DC power supplies.

5. The DC to DC converter as set forth in claim 1, wherein:

the first power terminal of each transistor is a collector terminal;

the second power terminal of each transistor is an emitter terminal; and

the control terminal of each transistor is a base terminal.

6. The DC to DC converter as set forth in claim 1, wherein each transistor includes a diode connected between the first power terminal and the second power terminal thereof, with each diode oriented to conduct current in a direction opposite its corresponding transistor.

7. The DC to DC converter as set forth in claim 1, further including another capacitor connected between the first power terminal of the first transistor and the second power terminal of the second transistor.

8. The DC to DC converter as set forth in claim 6, wherein:

the controller causes the first and second transistors to switch ON thereby creating a current path from the DC power supply to the inductor;

when the current through the inductor increases to a sufficient extent, the control system causes the first and second transistors to switch OFF thereby causing the current in the inductor to flow through the diodes in parallel with the third and fourth transistors and the pair of capacitors;

when the current through the inductor decreases to a sufficient extent, the control system causes the first and second transistors to switch ON thereby creating a current path from the DC power supply to the inductor; and

the controller continues switching the first and second transistors OFF and ON when the current through the inductor increases and decreases to a sufficient extent, respectively, to maintain a charge in the pair of capacitors at a desired level.

9. The DC to DC converter as set forth in claim 6, wherein:

the controller causes the third and fourth transistors to switch ON thereby creating a current path from the pair of capacitors to the inductor;

when the current through the inductor increases to a sufficient extent, the control system causes the third and fourth transistors to switch OFF thereby causing the current in the inductor to flow through the diodes in parallel with the first and second transistors and the DC power supply;

when the current through the inductor decreases to a sufficient extent, the control system causes the third and fourth transistors to switch ON thereby creating a current path from the pair of capacitors to the inductor; and

the controller continues switching the third and fourth transistors OFF and ON when the current through the inductor increases and decreases to a sufficient extent, respectively, to charge the DC power supply to a desired level.

10. A DC to DC converter, comprising:

a first switch and a second switch connected in series between a first input/output of the converter and a second input/output of the converter, with the first switch and the second switch defining therebetween a first node;

a third switch and a fourth switch connected in series between the first input/output of the converter and the second input/output of the converter, with the third switch and the fourth switch defining therebetween a second node;

an inductor connected between the first node and the second node;

a pair of capacitors connected in series across the second input/output of the converter and defining therebetween a third node which is connected to a ground potential; and

a controller connected to control the switching of at least one of the switches.

11. The DC to DC converter as set forth in claim 10, wherein the ground potential is connected to an end of the series connected third switch and fourth switch at the first input/output of the converter.

12. The DC to DC converter as set forth in claim 10, wherein the inductor comprises a pair of inductors connected in series and defining therebetween a node which is connected to the ground potential.

13. The DC to DC converter as set forth in claim 12, wherein:

the first input/output of the converter is connectable to a DC voltage source; and

the ground reference is electrically referenced between a positive terminal and a negative terminal of the DC voltage source.

14. The DC to DC converter as set forth in claim 13, wherein:

the DC voltage source includes a pair of DC voltage sources connected in series; and

the ground potential is connected between the pair of DC voltage sources.

15. The DC to DC converter as set forth in claim 10, further including another capacitor connected across the first input/output of the converter.

16. The DC to DC converter as set forth in claim 10, further including a diode connected in parallel with each switch wherein, during operation of the converter, each switch conducts current in one direction and the diode connected in parallel with each switch conducts current in an opposite direction.

17. The DC to DC converter as set forth in claim 16, wherein:

the controller causes the switches adjacent the first input/output of the converter to switch ON thereby creating a current path from the DC power supply to the inductor;

when the current through the inductor increases to a sufficient extent, the control system causes the switches adjacent the first input/output of the converter to switch OFF thereby causing the current in the inductor to flow through the diodes in parallel with the switches adjacent the second input/output of the converter and the pair of capacitors;

when the current through the inductor decreases to a sufficient extent, the control system causes the switches adjacent the first input/output of the converter to switch ON thereby creating a current path from the DC power supply to the inductor; and

the controller continues switching the switches adjacent the first input/output of the converter OFF and ON when the current through the inductor increases and decreases to a sufficient extent, respectively, to maintain a charge in the pair of capacitors at a desired level.

18. The DC to DC converter as set forth in claim 16, wherein:

the controller causes the switches adjacent the second input/output of the converter to switch ON thereby creating a current path from the pair of capacitors to the inductor;

when the current through the inductor increases to a sufficient extent, the control system causes the switches adjacent the second input/output of the converter to switch OFF thereby causing the current in the inductor to flow through the diodes in parallel with the switches adjacent the first input/output of the converter and the DC power supply;

when the current through the inductor decreases to a sufficient extent, the control system causes the switches adjacent the second input/output of the converter to switch ON thereby creating a current path from the pair of capacitors to the inductor; and

the controller continues switching the switches adjacent the second input/output of the converter OFF and ON when the current through the inductor increases and decreases to a sufficient extent, respectively, to charge the DC power supply to a desired level.

19. The DC to DC converter as set forth in claim 16, further including a DC to DC converter/regulator having an input and an output, with the input connected to the second input/output of the converter, the converter/regulator comprising:

a first pair of diodes connected in series between the input and the output and defining therebetween a fourth node, with the first pair of diodes connected to conduct current from the output to the input which is connected to an end of the series connected third switch and fourth switch at the second input/output of the converter;

a second pair of diodes connected in series between the input and the output and defining therebetween a fifth node, with the second pair of diodes connected to conduct current from the input which is connected to an end of the series connected first switch and second switch at the second input/output of the converter to the output;

a pair of inductors connected in series between the fourth node and the fifth node, with the pair of inductors defining therebetween a sixth node which is connected to the ground potential;

a pair of capacitors connected in series across the output, with the pair of capacitors defining therebetween a seventh node which is connected to the ground potential;

a fifth switch connected in parallel with one of the diodes of the first pair of diodes adjacent the input; and

a sixth switch connected in parallel with one of the diodes of the second pair of diodes adjacent the input wherein, during operation of the converter/regulator, the fifth switch conducts current in one direction and the diode connected in parallel with the fifth switch conducts current in an opposite direction and the sixth switch conducts current in one direction and the diode connected in parallel with the sixth switch conducts current in an opposite direction.

20. A DC to DC converter, comprising:

a first pair of diodes connected in series and defining therebetween a first node, with the first pair of diodes connected to conduct current from a first input/output of the converter to a second input/output of the converter;

a second pair of diodes connected in series and defining therebetween a second node, with the second pair of diodes connected to conduct current from the second input/output of the converter to the first input/output of the converter;

a pair of inductors connected in series between the first node and the second node, with the pair of inductors defining therebetween a third node which is connected to a reference ground;

a pair of capacitors connected in series across the second input/output of the converter, with the pair of capacitors defining therebetween a fourth node which is connected to the reference ground;

a first switch connected in parallel with one diode of the first pair of diodes adjacent the first input/output of the converter;

a second switch connected in parallel with one diode of the second pair of diodes adjacent the first input/output of the converter; and

a controller connected to control the switching of the first and second switches, wherein during operation of the converter, the first and second switches are controlled to conduct current between the first input/output of the converter and the pair of inductors.

21. The DC to DC converter as set forth in claim 20, wherein:

the first input/output is connectable to a DC voltage source having a positive terminal and a negative terminal; and

the reference ground is electrically connected between the positive terminal and the negative terminal of the DC voltage source.

22. The DC to DC converter as set forth in claim 20, further including another capacitor connected across the first input/output of the converter.

23. The DC to DC converter as set forth in claim 20, further including:

a third switch connected in parallel with the other diode of the first pair of diodes adjacent the second input/output of the converter; and

a fourth switch connected in parallel with the other diode of the second pair of diodes adjacent the second input/output of the converter, wherein;

the controller is connected to control the switching of the third and fourth switches; and

during operation of the converter, the third and fourth switches are controlled to conduct current between the pair of inductors and the second input/output of the converter.

24. The DC to DC converter as set forth in claim 23, wherein:

the controller controls the switching of the switches so that the first and second switches conduct current simultaneously;

the third and fourth switches conduct current simultaneously; and

the first and second switches conduct current when the third and fourth switches block current, and vice versa.

25. The DC to DC converter as set forth in claim 20, wherein:

the controller causes the first and second switches to switch ON thereby creating a current path from the DC power supply to the pair of inductors;

when the current through the pair of inductors increases to a sufficient extent, the control system causes the first and second switches to switch OFF thereby causing the current in the pair of inductors to flow through the diodes adjacent the second input/output of the converter and the pair of capacitors;

when the current through the pair of inductors decreases to a sufficient extent, the control system causes the first and second switches to switch ON thereby creating a current path from the DC power supply to the pair of inductors; and

the controller continues switching the first and second switches OFF and ON when the current through the pair of inductors increases and decreases to a sufficient extent, respectively, to maintain a charge in the pair of capacitors at a desired level.

26. The DC to DC converter as set forth in claim 23, wherein:

the controller causes the third and fourth switches to switch ON thereby creating a current path from the pair of capacitors to the pair of inductors;

when the current through the pair of inductors increases to a sufficient extent, the control system causes the third and fourth switches to switch OFF thereby causing the current in the pair of inductors to flow through the diodes in parallel with the first and second switches and the DC power supply;

when the current through the pair of inductors decreases to a sufficient extent, the control system causes the third and fourth switches to switch ON thereby creating a current path from the pair of capacitors to the pair of inductors; and

the controller continues switching the third and fourth switches OFF and ON when the current through the pair of inductors increases and decreases to a sufficient extent, respectively, to charge the DC power supply to a desired level.