System and method for determining if a fingerprint image contains an image portion representing a partial fingerprint impression

• US 6,005,963 A
• Filed: 10/23/1996
• Issued: 12/21/1999
• Est. Priority Date: 10/23/1996
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Lenovo PC International Limited (Lenovo Group Ltd.)
• Original Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation
• Inventors: Bolle, Rudolf Maarten, Yao, Yi-Sheng, Pankanti, Sharathchandra Umapatirao
• Primary Examiner(s): Kelley, Christopher S.
• Assistant Examiner(s): CHAWAN, SHEELA C
• Application Number:
  US08/735,541
• Time in Patent Office: 1,154 Days
• Field of Search: 382/124, 382/125, 382/126, 382/116, 382/289, 356/71, 340/825.34
• US Class Current: 382/124
• CPC Class Codes: G06V 40/1347 Preprocessing; Feature extraction

Abstract

A fingerprint image is divided into blocks of pixels. The blocks are determined to be within the foreground or background of the image. Each of the foreground blocks are assigned a block direction. If an image consists of the complete impression of the fingerprint, there should exist at least one path (ridge), composes of foreground blocks, which lies on both half planes of a coordinate system with an origin at the centroid of the foreground and that comes sufficiently close to the x axis once the path crosses to the second half plane of the coordinate system.

Claims

1. A system for determining from fingerprint images whether they are from partial prints comprising:

a computer comprising at least one central processing unit, at least one memory, and at least one input device;

at least one fingerprint image having a foreground and a background and being acquired by the input device and stored in the at least one memory; and

a partial process that operates on said computer for determining if the fingerprint image is a non partial image by determining whether there exists a path on the fingerprint image, the path beginning at a start point in a first half plane of a Cartesian coordinate system with an x and a y axis and an origin located at a centroid of the foreground, the path crossing to a second half plane of the coordinate system and only then coming within a distance threshold of the x axis.

2. A system, as in claim 1, where the foreground further comprises a plurality of foreground blocks each comprised of blocks of pixels in the foreground, the foreground blocks each having a direction, and the path being determined by the directions connecting a sequence of the foreground blocks.

3. A system, as in claim 2, where the path is comprised of at least one foreground block that changes direction by 90 degrees, and wherein the direction is replaced by the direction of a foreground block that immediately precedes, on the path, the block that changes direction by 90 degrees.

4. A system, as in claim 2, where the path is extended along one or more of the directions so that a change in direction along the path is minimized.

5. A system, as in claim 1, where the path represents a valley.

6. A system, as in claim 1, where the path represents a ridge.

7. A system, as in claim 1, where said at least one input device is comprised of at least one of a camera, an image scanner, and a second computer connected to a network in common with the system.

8. A system, as in claim 1, where the blocks comprise down-sampled subsets of pixels from an area on an original fingerprint image.

9. A system, as in claim 1, where the y axis is parallel to an orientation of the fingerprint.

10. A method of determining from a fingerprint image whether the fingerprint image is from a partial fingerprint, comprising the steps of:

selecting blocks of pixels in the fingerprint image and determining which of the selected blocks are foreground blocks, the foreground blocks being in a foreground of the image;

assigning a direction to each of the foreground blocks;

constructing a Cartesian coordinate system with an x axis, a y axis, and an origin that is located at a centroid of the foreground; and

determining if the fingerprint image is a non partial image by determining whether there exists a path on the fingerprint image, the path beginning at a start point in a first half plane of the coordinate system, and passing to a second half plane of the coordinate system only after which the path comes within a distance threshold of the x axis.

11. A method for processing an image of a fingerprint, comprising steps of:

obtaining an image of a fingerprint, the image being comprised of pixels;

processing the fingerprint image to partition the image into blocks of pixels each specified to be one of a background block or a foreground block;

further processing foreground blocks to obtain regions each comprised of set of contiguous foreground blocks wherein the pixels of a block exhibit a prominent directionality, the regions being located in the foreground of the fingerprint image;

weighting blocks as a function of distance from a centroid of the foreground;

determining a quality measure for the fingerprint image by computing a ratio of a summation of total weights of blocks exhibiting a prominent directionality to a summation of the weights of the foreground blocks; and

directing further processing of the fingerprint image based on the determined quality measure by comparing the determined quality measure to a quality threshold;

wherein if the determined quality measure is greater than the quality threshold, the step of directing further processing is comprised of a step of performing a partial fingerprint analysis of the fingerprint image;

wherein the partial fingerprint analysis comprises steps of,

constructing a Cartesian coordinate system with an x axis, a y axis, and an origin that is located at the centroid of the foreground; and

determining that the fingerprint image is a non-partial fingerprint image by locating a path on the fingerprint image, the path beginning at a start point in a first half plane of the coordinate system, and passing to a second half plane of the coordinate system only after which the path approaches to within a predetermined distance threshold of the x axis, the path being comprised of a set of blocks that are connected by their associated block directions.

12. A method as in claim 11, wherein the predetermined distance threshold is three blocks.

13. A method as in claim 11, where the path is comprised of a foreground block that changes direction by 90 degrees, and wherein the direction of the foreground block that changes direction by 90 degrees is replaced by the direction of an immediately preceding foreground block on the path.