Radio transmitter location finding for wireless communication network services and management

• US 6,026,304 A
• Filed: 01/08/1997
• Issued: 02/15/2000
• Est. Priority Date: 01/08/1997
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Google Technology Holdings LLC (Alphabet Inc.)
• Original Assignee: US Wireless Corp. (Vontier Corp.)
• Inventors: Wax, Mati, Hilsenrath, Oliver
• Primary Examiner(s): Bost, Dwayne D.
• Assistant Examiner(s): SCOTT, LINWOOD
• Application Number:
  US08/780,565
• Time in Patent Office: 1,133 Days
• Field of Search: 455/456, 455/457, 455/560, 455/63, 370/329, 370/334, 370/335, 342/457, 342/372, 342/387
• US Class Current: 455/456.2
• CPC Class Codes: G01C 21/26 specially adapted for navigation in a road network
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 1/022 Means for monitoring or calibrating
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 1/026 of associated receivers
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 5/021 Calibration, monitoring or correction G01S5/0252 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 5/0218 Multipath in signal reception
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 5/02521 using a radio-map
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 5/02525 Gathering the radio frequency fingerprints
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 67/04 specially adapted for terminals or networks with limited capabilities; specially adapted for terminal portability
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 67/51 Discovery or management thereof, e.g. service location protocol [SLP] or web services
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 67/52 specially adapted for the location of the user terminal
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 67/535 Tracking the activity of the user network monitoring arrangements H04L43/00; recording of computer activity G06F11/34
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 69/329 in the application layer [OSI layer 7]
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 9/40 Network security protocols
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 4/02 Services making use of location information
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 4/023 using mutual or relative location information between multiple location based services [LBS] targets or of distance thresholds
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 4/029 Location-based management or tracking services
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 4/20 Services signaling; Auxiliary data signalling, i.e. transmitting data via a non-traffic channel
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 64/00 Locating users or terminals or network equipment for network management purposes, e.g. mobility management

Abstract

A method and apparatus for location finding in a wireless communication system uses multipath signals in order to accurately determine a transmitter'"'"'s location. Direct path and multipath signals from a mobile transmitter [74] arrive at an antenna array [80, 82, 84] of a base station receiver [76]. The base station determines signal signature from a subspace of an array covariance matrix. The signature is compared to a database of calibrated signal signatures and corresponding locations, and a location whose calibrated signature best matches the measured signature is selected as the most likely transmitter location. The database of calibrated signal signatures and corresponding locations is generated by a calibration procedure in which a phone [74] transmits location data derived from a GPS receiver [88] and GPS satellites [90, 92, 94] to the base station [76] which records the location information together with the signal signature of the transmitter [74]. The location information can be used to increase the performance of a cellular telephone network and provide useful services to cellular telephone customers.

Claims

1. In a wireless communication system comprising a mobile transmitter and a receiver connected to an antenna array, a method for estimating the location of the mobile transmitter, the method comprising:

receiving at the antenna array signals originating from the mobile transmitter, wherein the signals comprise p-dimensional array vectors sampled from p antennas of the array;

determining from the received signals a signal signature, wherein the signal signature comprises a measured subspace, wherein the array vectors are approximately confined to the measured subspace;

comparing the signal signature to a database comprising calibrated signal signatures and corresponding location data, wherein the comparing comprises calculating differences between the measured subspace and calibrated subspaces; and

selecting from the database a most likely calibrated signal signature and a corresponding most likely location by using the calculated differences.

2. The method of claim 1 further comprising the step of optimizing channel capacity at a base station through the use of the selected location data.

3. The method of claim 2 wherein the optimizing channel capacity step comprises implementing a technique chosen from the group comprising beamforming, location division multiple access, automatic trunking, and channel borrowing.

4. The method of claim 1 further comprising communicating the selected location to a service provider selected from the group comprising an emergency 911 dispatcher, a road toll management system, a cellular network management system, and an enhanced 411 service provider.

5. The method of claim 1 further comprising using the selected location for location based billing.

6. The method of claim 1 further comprising using the selected location for location division multiple access.

7. The method of claim 1 further comprising using the selected location for assisting hand-off between cells.

8. The method of claim 1 further comprising using the selected location to control an antenna switching matrix such that channel blocking is reduced and trunking efficiency is increased.

9. The method of claim 1 further comprising selecting from the database a set of likely calibrated signal signatures and their corresponding likely locations, and associating the selected likely locations with tracks determined from a set of previously selected likely locations.

10. The method of claim 9 wherein the step of associating the selected likely locations with the tracks comprises determining a pairwise association between predicted next locations and the selected likely locations, wherein the pairwise association maximizes a set of a posteriori probabilities of pairwise associations.

11. The method of claim 1 further comprising checking the most likely location for consistency with map information.

12. The method of claim 1 further comprising comparing the most likely location with a set of likely locations derived from signals received at a separate antenna array.

13. The method of claim 1 wherein the database is generated by a calibration procedure comprising associating GPS location data transmitted from the mobile with the signal signature from the mobile.

14. The method of claim 13 wherein the mobile is in motion during the data transmission.

15. The method of claim 13 wherein the calibration procedure further comprises post-processing to optimize the calibration table.

16. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of determining the signal signature comprises calculating a set of dominant eigenvectors of an array covariance matrix.

17. The method of claim 16 wherein the array covariance matrix is calculated from the array vectors.

18. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of determining the signal signature comprises calculating a set of differential time delays between rays of the received signals at the antenna array.

19. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of determining the signal signature further comprises estimating an array response matrix.

20. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of comparing the signal signature to the database comprises calculating an angle between the measured subspace and a calibrated subspace.

21. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of receiving signals from the mobile comprises sampling the antennas a number of times to obtain a set of complex signal envelopes and calculating from the set of complex signal envelopes an array vector.

22. The method of claim 21 wherein the calculating of the array vector comprises finding a dominant eigenvector of a correlation matrix of the set of complex signal envelopes.

23. An apparatus for locating a mobile transmitter in a wireless communications system, the apparatus comprising:

a memory device containing a database of calibrated signal signatures and associated location data, wherein the signal signatures comprise calibrated subspaces;

a multichannel receiver connected to an antenna array for receiving signals from the mobile transmitter, wherein the signals comprise p-dimensional array vectors sampled from p antennas of the array; and

a signal processor connected to the receiver and to the memory device, wherein the signal processor is programmed to determine from the signals a signal signature comprising a measured subspace to which the array vectors are approximately confined, and to further determine a most likely location from a comparison of the signal signature with the calibrated signal signatures in the memory device, wherein the comparison comprises calculations of differences between the measured subspace and calibrated subspaces.

24. The apparatus of claim 23 wherein the database contains differential time delays associated with the location data and calibrated signal signatures.

25. The apparatus of claim 23 wherein the memory device contains tracks representing past likely locations of the mobile transmitter, and wherein the signal processor is adapted to determine the most likely location from a most likely track.

26. The apparatus of claim 23 wherein the signal processor is adapted to determine the most likely track from a best pairwise association of present likely locations and predicted likely locations.

27. The apparatus of claim 23 wherein the memory device contains geographical map data.

28. The apparatus of claim 23 further comprising a communication link adapted to transmit the most likely location from the signal processor to a base station switching matrix.

29. The apparatus of claim 23 further comprising a communication link adapted to transmit the most likely location from the signal processor to a wireless arena management system.

30. The apparatus of claim 23 further comprising a communication link adapted to transmit the most likely location from the signal processor to a separate base station.

31. The apparatus of claim 23 wherein the signal processor is adapted to determine the most likely location also from a set of alternate likely locations derived from signals received at a different antenna array.

32. A wireless communication system comprising:

a plurality of radio transmitters;

a plurality of base stations, wherein each base station comprises an antenna array coupled to signals from the transmitters, a multichannel receiver connected to the antenna array and producing received signals comprising array vectors, a memory storage device containing a database of calibrated signal signatures comprising calibrated subspaces, and a signal processor connected to the receiver and storage device and programmed to calculate signal signatures comprising a measured subspace to which the array vectors are approximately confined and to determine likely locations of the transmitters based upon a comparison of the signal signatures with a database of calibrated signal signatures, wherein the comparison comprises calculations of differences between the measured subspace and calibrated subspaces.

33. The system of claim 32 further comprising communication lines between the base stations, wherein the likely locations are determined based additionally upon a comparison of alternative likely locations sent over the communications lines.

34. The system of claim 33 wherein the service provider is a service chosen from the group consisting of a 911 dispatcher, a 411 service provider, a remote monitoring service provider, an automated toll service, a location based billing service, and a robot navigational service.

35. The system of claim 32 further comprising a service provider and communication lines between the base stations and the service provider, wherein the system sends transmitter location information from the base stations to the service provider over the communication lines.

36. The system of claim 32 further comprising a hub and communication lines between the hub and the base stations, wherein the system is adapted to communicate transmitter location information of all the transmitters from the base stations to the hub, and to use the information to manage system traffic for improved system performance.

37. A method for trouble shooting a wireless communication base station comprising an antenna array, a receiver, a memory storage device, and a signal processor, the method comprising:

receiving signals at the antenna array from a transmitter at a known location;

performing a blind estimation of a response of the antenna array, wherein the estimation is based upon the received signals; and

comparing the response to a calibrated response stored in the memory device, where the calibrated response is associated with a calibrated location near the known location.

38. The method of claim 37 further comprising receiving information from another base station pertaining to changes in another response at the other base station to the same transmitter.

39. The method of claim 38 further comprising comparing the response to past responses at the base station stored over a period of weeks.

40. In a wireless communication system comprising a mobile transmitter and a receiver connected to an antenna array, a method for estimating the location of the mobile transmitter, the method comprising:

receiving at the antenna array signals originating from the mobile transmitter;

determining from the received signals a signal signature;

comparing the signal signature to a database comprising calibrated signal signatures and corresponding location data;

selecting from the database a most likely calibrated signal signature and a corresponding most likely location; and

updating the database to correct for changes in the signal propagation environment.

41. The method of claim 40 wherein the updating step comprises correlating signal signatures over a period of time.

42. The method of claim 40 wherein the updating step comprises receiving information from another base station and using the information to confirm that changes are due to changes in the signal propagation environment.

43. In a wireless location finding system, a method for generating database of locations and corresponding signal signatures, the method comprising:

receiving at an antenna array signals originating from a moving transmitter, wherein the signals comprise p-dimensional array vectors sampled from p antennas of the array;

calculating from the received signals a signal signature, wherein the signal signature comprises a multi-dimensional subspace, and wherein the array vectors are approximately confined to the measured subspace;

associating the signal signature with a location of the transmitter; and

storing the signal signature and associated location in a calibration database.

44. The method of claim 43 wherein the signals are sampled over a distance travelled by the transmitter, wherein the distance is sufficiently large that direct and multipath components of the signals are decorrelated.