Battery charger with monitor and protection circuits

• US 6,037,745 A
• Filed: 07/01/1998
• Issued: 03/14/2000
• Est. Priority Date: 07/03/1997
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Kabushiki Kaisha Toyoda Jidoshokki Seisakusho, Nissan Motor Co., Ltd.
• Original Assignee: Nissan Motor Co., Ltd., Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha (Toyota Motor Corporation)
• Inventors: Ishihara, Yoshiaki, Satoh, Hajime, Fukuda, Masayuki, Kurozu, Tomotaka, Koike, Yasuhiro, Najima, Kazuki, Sakata, Seiki
• Primary Examiner(s): Tso, Edward H.
• Application Number:
  US09/108,761
• Time in Patent Office: 622 Days
• Field of Search: 320/127, 320/128, 320/134, 320/135, 320/136, 320/149, 320/163, 320/104
• US Class Current: 320/104
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2210/14 Boost converters
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2210/30 AC to DC converters
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2210/40 DC to AC converters
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 3/003 relating to inverters
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 3/04 Cutting off the power supply under fault conditions protective devices and circuit arrangements in general H01H; H02H
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 50/66 Arrangements of batteries
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/122 Circuits or methods for driving the primary coil, e.g. supplying electric power to the coil
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/22 Constructional details or arrangements of charging converters specially adapted for charging electric vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/31 Charging columns specially adapted for electric vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/34 Plug-like or socket-like devices specially adapted for contactless inductive charging of electric vehicles positioning means for charging devices using inductive energy transfer B60L53/38
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/36 by positioning the vehicle
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/38 specially adapted for charging by inductive energy transfer
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/53 Batteries
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/00 Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/00308 Overvoltage protection
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/0085 Partially controlled bridges
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/322 Means for rapidly discharging a capacitor of the converter for protecting electrical components or for preventing electrical shock
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/3376 with automatic control of output voltage or current
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/7072 Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/72 : Electric energy management in electromobility
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/92 : Energy efficient charging or discharging systems for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors specially adapted for vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/12 : Electric charging stations
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/14 : Plug-in electric vehicles

Abstract

A charging apparatus for charging batteries of automobiles includes an inverter for converting the direct current from a direct current power source into an alternating current and a transformer having a first coil and a second coil. When an alternating current from the inverter is applied to the first coil, the second coil produces an alternating voltage. A capacitor is connected between the terminals of the second coil to increase the alternating voltage produced in the second coil. A rectifier circuit rectifies the alternating voltage increased in the booster circuit into a direct current voltage and the direct current voltage is applied to the battery. Two transistors, which function as a short circuit, are provided in the rectifier circuit. When the direct current voltage from the rectifier circuit is equal to or higher than a predetermined permissible value, a drive signal from a drive circuit turns on the two transistors. Then, the terminals of the second coil are short-circuited and the voltage applied to the terminals instantaneously turns null. This protects the elements forming the charging apparatus from high voltage.

Claims

1. A charging apparatus for charging based on an alternating voltage produced in a second coil of a transformer, wherein the second coil includes a pair of terminals, the charging apparatus comprising:

a booster circuit connected between the terminals of the second coil for increasing the alternating voltage produced in the second coil;

a rectifier circuit for rectifying the alternating voltage increased in the booster circuit to a direct current voltage for charging;

a monitor for monitoring the direct current voltage from the rectifier circuit, wherein the monitor outputs a drive signal when the direct current voltage is equal to or higher than a predetermined permissible value; and

a short circuit for short-circuiting the terminals of the second coil in response to the drive signal from the monitor.

2. The charging apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the rectifier circuit includes four diodes that form a bridge circuit, the short circuit includes transistors respectively parallel-connected to two of the diodes, and wherein the transistors are turned on to short-circuit the terminals of the second coil in response to the drive signal from the monitor.

3. The charging apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the short circuit is a switch between the terminals of the second coil, and wherein the switch is closed to short-circuit the terminals of the second coil in response to the drive signal from the monitor.

4. The charging apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the monitor includes:

a detector for detecting the direct current voltage from the rectifier circuit, the detector outputting a signal to indicate the abnormality when the detected voltage is equal to or higher than the permissible value; and

a drive circuit for outputting the drive signal to the short circuit in response to the abnormality signal from the detector.

5. The charging apparatus according to claim 1, which is located in a vehicle having a battery, wherein the rectifier circuit applies a direct current voltage to the battery for charging.

6. The charging apparatus according to claim 1 further comprising:

a direct current power source;

an inverter for converting a direct current from the power source into an alternating current; and

a first coil forming a part of a transformer, wherein the second coil produces the alternating voltage when the alternating current from the inverter is applied to the first coil.

7. The charging apparatus according to claim 6 further comprising:

a first circuit including the direct current power source, the inverter, and the first coil; and

a second circuit including the second coil, the booster circuit, the rectifier circuit, the monitor, and the short circuit, wherein the first circuit and the second circuit is detachably joined through the coils.

8. The charging apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the first circuit is located in a charge control box located in a predetermined place and the second circuit is installed in a vehicle having a chargeable battery.

9. The charging apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the booster circuit includes a capacitor.

10. The charging apparatus according to claim 9 further comprising a reactor connected to the first coil, wherein the reactor and the capacitor forms a resonance circuit.

11. A charging apparatus for charging a battery, the charging apparatus comprising:

a direct current power source;

an inverter for converting a direct current from the power source into an alternating current;

a transformer including a first coil and a second coil, wherein the second coil produces an alternating voltage when the alternating current from the inverter is applied to the first coil, and wherein the second coil has a pair of terminals;

a booster circuit connected between the terminals of the second coil for increasing the alternating voltage produced in the second coil;

a rectifier circuit for rectifying the alternating voltage increased in the booster circuit to a direct current voltage, the rectifier circuit applying the direct current voltage to the battery for charging;

a monitor for monitoring the direct current voltage from the rectifier circuit, wherein the monitor outputs a drive signal when the direct current voltage is equal to or higher than a predetermined permissible value;

a short circuit for short-circuiting the terminals of the second coil in response to the drive signal from the monitor;

a first circuit including the direct current power source, the inverter, and the first coil; and

a second circuit including the second coil, the booster circuit, the rectifier circuit, the monitor, and the short circuit, wherein the first circuit and the second circuit are detachably joined through the coils.

12. The charging apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the rectifier circuit includes four diodes forming a bridge circuit, and the short circuit includes transistors respectively parallel-connected to two diodes, and wherein the transistors are turned on to short-circuit the terminals of the second coil in response to the drive signal from the monitor.

13. The charging apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the short circuit is a switch connected between the terminals of the second coil, wherein the switch is closed to short-circuit the terminals of the second coil in response to the drive signal from the monitor.

14. The charging apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the monitor includes:

a detector located between the rectifier circuit and the battery for detecting a direct current voltage from the rectifier circuit, wherein the detector outputs a signal indicating the abnormality when the detected direct current voltage is equal to or higher than the permissible value; and

a drive circuit for outputting the drive signal to the short circuit in response to the abnormality signal from the detector.

15. The charging apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the first circuit is located in a charge control box located in a predetermined place and the second circuit is installed in a vehicle having the chargeable battery.

16. The charging apparatus according to claim 11 further comprising a circuit breaker that cuts off the rectifier circuit from the battery when an excessive current flows from the rectifier circuit to the battery.

17. A method for charging a battery based on an alternating voltage produced in a second coil of a transformer, wherein the second coil includes a pair of terminals, the method comprising steps of:

increasing the alternating voltage produced in the second coil with a booster circuit;

rectifying the alternating voltage increased by the booster circuit into a direct current voltage with a rectifier circuit, the rectifier circuit applying the direct current voltage to the battery for charging;

monitoring the direct current voltage produced by the rectifier circuit to determine if the direct current voltage exceeds a predetermined value;

generating a drive signal when the direct current voltage exceeds the predetermined value, as determined by the monitoring step; and

short circuiting the terminals of the second coil in response to the drive signal.

18. A method for charging a battery, the method comprising steps of:

converting a direct current from a direct current power source into an alternating current with an inverter;

applying the alternating current generated by the inverter to a first coil of a transformer such that a second coil of the transformer produces an alternating voltage;

increasing the alternating voltage produced in the second coil with a booster circuit;

rectifying the increased alternating voltage produced by the booster circuit into a direct current voltage with a rectifier circuit;

applying the direct current from the rectifier to a battery for charging;

monitoring the direct current voltage from the rectifier circuit to determine if the direct current voltage is equal to or higher than a predetermined permissible voltage; and

short-circuiting a pair of terminals of the second coil when the direct current voltage is equal to or higher than the predetermined permissible voltage, as determined by the monitoring step.