Method and apparatus for forwarding traffic between locality attached networks using level 3 addressing information

• US 6,058,429 A
• Filed: 12/08/1995
• Issued: 05/02/2000
• Est. Priority Date: 12/08/1995
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: RPX Corporation
• Original Assignee: Nortel Networks Corporation
• Inventors: Ames, Steve, Bialkowski, Jan, Byrne, Donal, Cave, Dennis
• Primary Examiner(s): Rinehart, Mark H.
• Application Number:
  US08/569,580
• Time in Patent Office: 1,607 Days
• Field of Search: 395/200.01, 395/200.02, 395/200.06, 395/200.15, 395/311, 395/312, 395/200.3, 395/200.8, 395/200.54, 395/200.55, 395/200.68, 395/200.72, 370/401, 370/402, 370/399, 370/409, 709/200, 709/250, 709/224, 709/225, 709/238, 709/242
• US Class Current: 709/242
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 49/201 Multicast operation; Broadcast operation
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 49/354 for supporting virtual local area networks [VLAN]
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 49/602 Multilayer or multiprotocol switching, e.g. IP switching

Abstract

A method and apparatus for layer 3 switching packets between locally attached virtual local area networks without using a routing protocol are provided. A learning internetwork switch is connected between a router and a plurality of virtual local area networks. Communications between devices on the virtual local area networks and the router pass through the learning internetwork switch. By inspecting certain packets that flow between the devices and the router, the learning internetwork switch learns the location of the devices without having to use a routing protocol. The learning internetwork switch learns the network layer and the data link layer addresses of the various devices. Once the learning internetwork switch has learned the location, the network layer address and data link layer address of a device, the learning internetwork switch can forward packets between devices on different virtual local area networks using layer 3 switching without involving the router.

Claims

1. A learning internetwork switch for use in a network that includes a plurality of virtual local area networks, the learning internetwork switch comprising:

a first set of ports connecting the leaning internetwork switch to a set of virtual local area networks, wherein each virtual local area network of the set of virtual local area networks is a virtual local area network of the plurality of virtual local area networks that is locally attached to the learning internetwork switch;

a second set of ports connecting the learning internetwork switch to a router, wherein devices that belong to the virtual local area networks in the set of virtual local area networks communicate with the router by transmitting packets through the learning internetwork switch;

a learning mechanism that inspects control packets sent between the router and the devices, the learning mechanism storing association data that indicates a correspondence between data link layer addresses, network layer addresses, and the first set of ports based on information contained in the control packets; and

said learning internetwork switch using said association data to forward traffic between locally attached virtual local area networks.

2. The learning internetwork switch of claim 1 wherein:

a third set of ports on the router connect the router to the second set of ports; and

the learning mechanism is further configured to store data indicating a correspondence between data link layer addresses of the third set of ports and network layer addresses of the third set of ports based on information contained in the control packets.

3. The learning internetwork switch of claim 1 further including a proxy forwarding mechanism configured to:

detect when a packet sent by a first device of a first virtual local area network in the set of virtual local area networks contains a data link layer destination address associated with the router and a network layer destination address associated with a second device of a second virtual local area network in the set of virtual local area networks;

determine the data link layer address of the second device based on the network layer address of the second device;

replace in the packet the data link layer destination address associated with the router with the data link layer address associated with the second device; and

transmit the packet through the port of the first set of ports to which the second device is connected.

4. The learning internetwork switch of claim 1 wherein:

the control packets include packets which are request packets that request a data link layer address of a port of the router; and

the request packets contain a data link layer source address associated with the device sending the packet, a network layer source address associated with the device sending the packet, and a network layer destination address associated with the port of the router.

5. The learning internetwork switch of claim 3 wherein:

the packet includes a data link layer source address associated with the first device; and

the proxy forwarding mechanism is further configured to;

determine a data link layer address associated with a port of the router which serves as a default gateway to the second virtual local area network; and

replace in the packet the data link layer source address associated with the first device with the data link layer address associated with the port of the router which serves as the default gateway to the second virtual local area network.

6. A method, for use by a learning internetwork switch connected to a router, for determining locations of devices that belong to a set of virtual local area networks locally attached to the learning internetwork switch, the method comprising:

receiving at a first port a packet from a device that belongs to one of the virtual local area networks, the packet includes a network layer destination address that corresponds to a particular port of the router; and

determining whether the packet is a request for the data link layer address of the particular port of the router;

if the packet is a request for the data link layer address of the particular port of the router, then

reading a data link layer source address and a network layer source address from the packet,

storing data indicating that the data link layer source address corresponds to the network layer source address,

storing data indicating that the device that originally transmitted the packet is connected to the first port,

forwarding the packet to the particular port of the router.

7. The method of claim 6 further comprising:

if the packet contains a message to be sent through the router to a second device that belongs to a second virtual local area network of the set of virtual local area networks, then;

reading from the packet a network layer destination address associated with the second device, and

performing a lookup operation to determine if configuration information has been stored for the network layer destination address;

if configuration information has been stored for the network layer destination address, then reading the configuration information to determine a data link layer address of the second device and that the second device is connected to a second port of the learning internetwork switch; and

forwarding the packet to the second device through the second port.

8. The method of claim 7 wherein forwarding the packet comprises:

replacing, in the packet, a data link layer destination address associated with the router with the data link layer address associated with the second device; and

replacing, in the packet, a data link layer source address associated with the device with a data link layer address associated with a port of the router that is connected to the second virtual local area network.

9. The method of claim 7 further comprising forwarding the packet to the router if configuration information has not yet been stored for the network layer destination address.

10. The method of claim 7 further comprising determining whether proxy forwarding is active, and forwarding the packet to the second device through the second port only if proxy forwarding is active.

11. The method of claim 6 further comprising:

receiving from the router a response packet to the packet, the response packet including a data link layer address associated with the particular port of the router;

inspecting the response packet to determine the data link layer address associated with the particular port of the router;

storing data that indicates that the data link layer address of the particular port corresponds to the network layer address of the particular port; and

forwarding the response packet to the device through the first port.

12. The method of claim 11 further comprising storing data that indicates that the virtual local area network is connected to the particular port based on information contained in the response packet.

13. A method, for use by a learning internetwork switch, for performing proxy forwarding between a first device on a first virtual local area network and a second device on a second virtual local area network, where the first virtual local area network and the second virtual local area network are locally attached to the learning internetwork switch, the method comprising:

receiving a packet from the first device that specifies a network layer destination address and a data link layer destination address, wherein the specified network layer destination address is a network layer address associated with the second device and the data link layer destination address is a data link layer address associated with a first port of a router connected to the learning internetwork switch;

performing a lookup operation to determine a data link layer address associated with the second device;

if the data link layer address associated with the second device is found during the lookup operation, then

changing the data link layer destination address specified in the packet to the data link layer address associated with the second device, and

forwarding the packet to the second device over the second virtual local area network.

14. The method of claim 13 further comprising:

changing data link layer source address specified in the packet to a data link layer address associated with the second port prior to forwarding the packet to the second device.

15. The method of claim 13 further comprising learning a location of the second device prior to receiving from information contained in a previous packet transmitted by the second device.

16. The method of claim 15 wherein the learning of the location includes:

receiving at a particular port of the learning internetwork switch the previous packet;

determining that the previous packet is addressed to a particular port of the router;

reading a data link layer source address and a network layer source address from the previous packet;

storing data that indicates that the data link layer source address is the data link layer address associated with the network layer source address;

storing data that indicates that the device associated with the network layer source address is connected to the particular port of the leaning internetwork switch and;

storing data that indicates that the device associated with the network layer source address is connected to the particular port of the router.