PTC thermistor and a current limiter device having at least one PTC thermistor

• US 6,094,129 A
• Filed: 07/16/1997
• Issued: 07/25/2000
• Est. Priority Date: 11/19/1994
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: DaimlerChrysler Rail Systems GmbH (Bombardier Incorporated)
• Original Assignee: Daimler Chrysler Company LLC (Stellantis NV)
• Inventors: Baiatu, Tudor
• Primary Examiner(s): EASTHOM, KARL D
• Application Number:
  US08/895,041
• Time in Patent Office: 1,105 Days
• Field of Search: 338/53-55, 338/61-63, 338/20-22 R, 338/99, 338/225 D, 338/58, 338/239, 338/260, 338/204, 338/254, 338/231, 338/51, 338/52, 338/283, 338/285, 338/210, 338/211 , 338/212, 361/3, 361/58, 361/24, 361/25, 361/27, 361/31, 361/103, 361/106
• US Class Current: 338/22.00R
• CPC Class Codes: H01C 1/08 Cooling, heating or ventilating arrangements
• CPC Class Codes: H01C 1/082 using forced fluid flow
• CPC Class Codes: H01C 7/02 having positive temperature coefficient ceramics C04B
• CPC Class Codes: H02H 9/026 Current limitation using PTC resistors, i.e. resistors with a large positive temperature coefficient

Abstract

PTC thermistors are used in reversible short circuit current limiters, in particular in series connection with electrical valves and/or capacitors. An electrically insulated, thermally conductive insulation or ceramic layer (20) is in contact electrically and with good thermal conduction via a first main surface with a metallic cooling element (25). A second main surface of the ceramic layer (20), opposite the first main surface, is covered with an electrically insulating thermal-conduction layer (21) having a thickness in the range from 10 μm-100 μm. Meandering tracks (16) of the resistive body of the PTC thermistor (5) are pressed between this thermal conduction layer (21) and an electrically insulating, preferably thermally conductive, flexible high-temperature stable polymer film (22). In order to provide pressure, a pressure compensation cushion (23) on which a force (F) orthogonal to the second main surface of the ceramic layer (20) acts, may be provided. The pressure compensation cushion (23) is filled with a dielectric or electrically conductive fluid (24) having a boiling temperature above preferably 150° C. The resistive track (16) may also be embedded in a filled polymer matrix, it being possible for geometrically congruent resistive tracks to be opposite on a ceramic layer.

Claims

1. An electronic assembly comprising:

a cooling layer;

a PTC thermistor, the PTC thermistor comprising a resistive track that has a meandering path, the resistive track comprising a first main surface and a second main surface, the first main surface opposite the second main surface;

an electrically insulating ceramic layer between the first main surface and the cooling layer;

an electrically insulating thermally conductive layer between the first main surface and the electrically insulating ceramic layer;

a pressure compensator, the pressure compensator applying pressure to the second main surface when a force is applied to the pressure compensator, wherein the pressure compensator comprises a metal film that forms a closed shell that is filled with a dielectric or electrically conductive fluid having a boiling temperature above 150°

C.; and

a flexible, thermally conductive polymer sheet, the polymer sheet interposed between the pressure compensator and the second main surface such that it is in direct contact with the second main surface.

2. The device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the polymer sheet consists of an elastomer material having a thickness in the range from 1.5 mm-10 mm.

3. The device of claim 2, wherein the polymer sheet has a Shore hardness in the range of 10 Shore A to 100 Shore A.

4. The device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the electrically insulating thermally conductive layer is a silicone-based heat-transfer compound that has a thickness in the range from 10 μ

m-100 μ

m.

5. An electronic assembly comprising:

at least one cooling layer;

an electrically insulating, thermally conductive polymer matrix;

a PTC thermistor, the PTC thermistor comprising a resistive track that has a meandering path, the resistive track comprising a first part and a second part, the resistive track embedded in the polymer matrix and spreading horizontally therein such that the polymer matrix adjoins the resistive track on more than two sides, the resistive track thermally connected via the polymer matrix to the at least one cooling layer, wherein the resistive track is folded such that a meandering path of the first part is vertically aligned with a meandering path of the second part in separate horizontal planes;

an insulation layer between the meandering path of the first part and the meandering path of the second part; and

a metal layer between the insulation layer and at least one of the two meandering paths.

6. The PTC thermistor of claim 5, wherein the metal layer is a Cr/Ni layer.

7. A current limiter device, comprising:

at least two PTC thermistor assemblies connected in series in a first circuit branch, each PTC thermistor assembly having;

a cooling layer;

a resistive track, the resistive track comprising a first main surface and a second main surface, the cooling layer opposite the first main surface;

an electrically-insulating thermally conductive layer;

an insulation layer interposed between the first main surface and the cooling layer, wherein the resistive track is connected by the electrically-insulating thermally conductive layer to the insulation layer;

a pressure compensator, the pressure compensator applying pressure to the second main surface; and

a polymer film interposed between the pressure compensator and the second main surface such that it is in direct contact with the second main surface, the device further comprising;

at least one varistor in a second circuit branch electrically connected in parallel with the first circuit branch, wherein at least one further electrical resistor is connected in the second circuit branch in series with the at least one varistor wherein

at least one of the PTC thermistor assemblies has on heating resistance which jumps to less than 100 times its cold resistance, and

of which at least another one of the PTC thermistor assemblies has on heating resistance which jumps to more than 100 times its cold resistance.

8. The device as claimed in claim 7, wherein one of the at least one further resistor in the second circuit branch is a PTC thermistor.

9. The device of claim 8, wherein the series circuit in the second circuit branch has an inductor.

10. The device as claimed in claim 7, wherein a diode is connected in a third circuit branch connected in parallel with the first circuit branch.

11. The device of claim 7, wherein one of the at least one further resistor is an ohmic resistor, and the series circuit in the second branch includes an inductor.

12. The device of claim 7, wherein the another one of the PTC thermistor assemblies has, on heating, resistance jumps to more than 10⁴ times its cold resistance.

13. The device of claim 11, wherein the series circuit in the second circuit branch has an inductor.

14. An electronic assembly comprising:

a PTC thermistor, the PTC thermistor comprising a resistive track;

a cooling layer;

an insulation layer disposed between a first surface of the resistive track and the cooling layer;

a pressure compensator, the pressure compensator applying pressure to a second surface of the resistive track when a force is applied to the pressure compensator, wherein the pressure compensator comprises a metal film that forms a closed shell; and

a flexible, thermally conductive polymer sheet, the polymer sheet interposed between the pressure compensation element and the second main surface such that it is in direct contact with the second main surface.

15. The device of claim 14, wherein the pressure compensator applies pressure directly to the second surface of the resistive track.

16. The device of claim 14, wherein the resistive track is connected by an electrically-insulating thermally conductive layer to the insulation layer.