Variable formatting of digital data into a pattern

• US 6,098,882 A
• Filed: 03/01/1996
• Issued: 08/08/2000
• Est. Priority Date: 03/01/1996
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Kaldren LLC (IP Edge LLC)
• Original Assignee: Cobblestone Software, Inc.
• Inventors: Antognini, Thomas Charles, Antognini, Walter Gerald
• Primary Examiner(s): Le, Thien Minh
• Application Number:
  US08/609,549
• Time in Patent Office: 1,621 Days
• Field of Search: 235/454, 235/486, 235/487, 235/464, 235/492, 235/462.01-462.04
• US Class Current: 235/454
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 1/121 by printing code marks applying code marks to labels B65C9/46; marking or coding completed packages B65B61/26
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 1/123 for colour code marks
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 1/126 by photographic or thermographic registration recording apparatus for measuring instruments G01D15/00
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 19/06037 multi-dimensional coding
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 19/06046 Constructional details
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 2019/06225 using wavelength selection, e.g. colour code
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 7/0166 by means of clock-signals derived from the code marks, e.g. self-clocking code
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 7/1417 2D bar codes
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 7/1443 locating of the code in an image
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 7/1473 error correction
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 7/1491 the method including a reconstruction step, e.g. stitching two pieces of bar code together to derive the full bar code

Abstract

A method of formatting digital data and a method of decoding the formatted digital data. User selectable format parameters vary the dimensions and other attributes of spots and the cells containing those spots as well as other features which the formatting process formats into a pattern. A method of encoding the formatted digital data using these format parameters allows for encoding a substrate optimally for any given printer or scanner. One embodiment provides for markers to facilitate determination of cell locations. In one embodiment the decoding process achieves a pyramid gain of knowledge by locating a landmark (801), which is located in a known position relative to a metasector (802), which contains information about the encoding process used to encode the main body of data (803), which the decoding process decodes to recover the original digital data. Further embodiments include encryption, transmission by facsimile, inclusion of human readable information, and automatic launches of computer files.

Claims

1. A method of encoding data on a substrate as digital data comprising:

formatting the data into a series of digital data values wherein said series of digital data values are formatted into a pattern comprising a plurality of spaces at least some of which have dimensions M pixels by N pixels wherein at least one bit in said series of digital data values are represented in each of said plurality of spaces where at least one logical state is expressed by the presence in the space of a spot of a spot size with dimensions X pixels by Y pixels and at least one other logical state is expressed by the absence of a spot with dimensions X pixels by Y pixels from the space and where at least one of dimensions M, N, X, and Y is capable of differing from at least one other of the dimensions M, N, X, and Y; and

outputting said pattern onto at least one substrate, such that the data is represented in digitized form on said at least one substrate.

2. The method of encoding data of claim 1 wherein said formatting formats said series of digital data values into said plurality of spaces wherein a plurality of bits in said series of digital data values are represented in each of said plurality of spaces where a plurality of logical states are expressed by a plurality of colors for a spot which the space may contain where each color represents a different logical state for said space.

3. The method of encoding data of claim 2 wherein said plurality of colors consists of a plurality of shades of gray.

4. The method of encoding data of claim 1 wherein a plurality of space sizes are defined.

5. The method of encoding data of claim 1 wherein a plurality of spot sizes are defined.

6. The method of encoding data of claim 5 with at least one plurality of spot sizes and at least one space size and where all spaces of said at least one space size may contain a spot of a spot size from one of said at least one plurality of spot sizes, and wherein said series of digital data values are formatted into a plurality of spaces of the space size wherein each space represents a plurality of bits in said series of digital data values where one logical state is expressed by the absence of a spot from the space and where further logical states are represented by the presence of spots of the various spot sizes in the space where a spot of each spot size in the space represents a further logical state.

7. The method of encoding data of claim 5 wherein at least one bit in said series of digital data values is represented in each of said plurality of spaces where one logical state is expressed by the presence of a spot of one spot size and at least one other logical state is expressed by the presence of a spot with a size different from a spot expressing the first logical state.

8. The method of encoding data of claim 1 with at least one plurality of spot sizes and at least one space size and where all spaces of a particular size may contain a spot of a spot size from one of said at least one plurality of spot sizes, and wherein said series of digital data values are formatted into a plurality of spaces of said particular size wherein each space represents a plurality of bits in said series of digital data values where one logical state is expressed by the absence of a spot from the space and where further logical states are represented by the presence of spots of various spot sizes and colors in the space where a distinct logical state is represented by a spot of each combination of color and size.

9. The method of encoding data of claim 1 wherein said series of digital data values are formatted into at least one grouping of contiguous cells placed at a predefined location relative to a landmark, whereby the location of said at least one grouping of contiguous cells can be determined by reference to the location of said landmark and where the spaces of said at least one grouping of contiguous spaces are formatted into a plurality of contiguous rows and a plurality of contiguous columns and where at least one series of markers borders said at least one grouping of contiguous spaces on at least one side, whereby the location of the rows or columns of spaces can be determined by reference to the markers.

10. The method of encoding data of claim 9 wherein said series of digital data values are formatted into a pattern with a plurality of groupings of contiguous spaces.

11. The method of encoding data of claim 1 done in accordance with the DEDS program.

22. The method of encoding of claim 1 wherein a first logical state is expressed by the presence in a given space of a spot of a first color and a second logical state is expressed by the presence in the given space of a spot of a second color, the first color being different than the second color.

23. The method of encoding of claim 22, wherein the first color is black and the second color is gray.

24. The method of encoding of claim 1 wherein a plurality of bits are represented in each of a plurality of spaces, wherein at least one logical state of a first bit is expressed by the presence in each space of a spot of a first size and at least one logical state of a second bit is expressed by the presence in the given space of a spot of a second size, the first size being different than the second size.

12. A system of encoding data on a substrate as digital data comprising

selecting means for selecting at least one value for at least one format parameter from a plurality of values for the parameter,

formatting means coupled to the selecting means for formatting the data into a series of digital data values wherein the series of digital data values are formatted into a plurality of cells at least some of which have a cell size with dimensions M pixels wide by N pixels high where if a value has been selected for a format parameter determining the width of a cell then M is defined as equaling the value so selected, and where if a value has been selected for a format parameter determining the height of the cell then N is defined as equaling the value so selected, wherein each cell represents at least one bit in the series of digital data values where at least one logical state is expressed by the presence of a spot with a spot size with dimensions X pixels wide by Y pixels high, where if a value has been selected for a format parameter determining the width of a spot then X is defined as equaling the value so selected and where if a value has been selected for a format parameter determining the height of a spot then Y is defined as equaling the value so selected and at least one other logical state is expressed by the absence of a spot of said spot size in the cell and wherein said formatting is done in accordance with such other values for format parameters as have been selected, and

outputting means coupled to the formatting means for outputting said plurality of cells onto at least one substrate, such that the data is represented in digitized form onto said at least one substrate.

13. The system of encoding data of claim 12 where the selecting means selects values from pluralities of values for at least one format parameter determining at least one dimension of at least one cell size, for at least one format parameter determining at least one dimension of at least one spot size, and for at least one format parameter selected from the group consisting of the width of at least one marker, the height of at least one marker, the distance of markers from cells and the distance of markers from each other, and where the formatting means formats said series of digital data values into said plurality of cells with at least one grouping of contiguous cells where said at least one grouping of contiguous cells are formatted into a plurality of contiguous rows and a plurality of contiguous columns and where at least one series of markers borders said at least one grouping of contiguous cells on at least one side, and where said formatting is done in accordance with the values selected.

14. The system of encoding data of claim 12 where the selecting means consists of inputting means for inputting said at least one value for said at least one format parameter from a plurality of values whereby the user is provided the ability to alter the manner in which the series of digital data values becomes formatted into said plurality of cells.

15. The system of encoding data of claim 12 where the selecting means selects said at least one value for said at least one format parameter from information available without user input.

16. The system of encoding data of claim 12 where the selecting means includes inputting means for inputting information where the selecting means selects said at least one value for said at least one format parameter from a plurality of values based at least in part on the information inputted from the inputting means.

17. The system of encoding data of claim 12 where the selecting means includes inputting means for inputting said at least one value for said at least one format parameter from a plurality of values and where the selecting means selects values for any remaining format parameters first from available information and then based on default values.

18. The system of encoding data of claim 17 where,

the selecting means includes inputting means for inputting values for format parameters establishing said dimensions M pixels wide by N pixels high for said at least one cell size, for format parameters establishing said dimensions X pixels wide by Y pixels high for said at least one spot size, for format parameters establishing the dimensions of at least one marker size, the distance of markers from cells, the distance of markers from each other, the type of printer utilized by said encoding means for encoding said plurality of cells onto said at least one substrate, the number of datasectors across, where a datasector is the smallest grouping of cells capable of delivering a complete message after applying error detection and correction, the number of datasectors down, the number of segments across, where a segment represents a row of cells between two columns of markers, and the number of spots per segment, and where,

the formatting means formats said series of digital data values into said plurality of cells with at least one grouping of contiguous cells where said at least one grouping of contiguous cells are formatted into a plurality of contiguous rows and a plurality of contiguous columns and where two columns of markers border said at least one grouping of contiguous cells on two sides, where the markers are formatted according to the format parameters selected that establish the dimensions of at least one marker size, the distance of markers from cells, the distance of markers from each other, and where all such groupings of contiguous cells form a main body of data and where the formatting means further formats said plurality of cells into the number of datasectors determined by the format parameters establishing the number of datasectors down and the number of datasectors across where each datasector consists of at least one segment down and at least one segment across with the number of segments across determined by the format parameter establishing the number of segments across, and where each segment consists of a plurality of cells across with the number of cells across determined by the format parameter establishing the number of spots per segment, and where the formatting means formats adjacent to said at least one grouping of contiguous cells a metasector consisting of a plurality of cells wherein each cell of said metasector represents at least one bit in a series of bits representing the digital data values expressing the values selected for the format parameters whereby information contained in said metasector can be used to decode the data contained in the at least one grouping of contiguous cells.

19. The system of encoding data of claim 12 where the dimensions M and N define a nonrectangular shape and where the formatting means formats at least one plurality of cells into said nonrectangular shape of dimensions M and N.

20. The system of encoding data of claim 12 where the dimensions X and Y define a nonrectangular shape and where the formatting means formats at least one plurality of spots into said nonrectangular shape of dimensions X and Y.

21. A method of encoding data into a pattern as digital data comprising:

formatting the data into a series of digital data values formatted into a plurality of spaces with at least one grouping of spaces further formatted into a plurality of subgroupings of contiguous spaces each formatted into a plurality of rows and a plurality of columns where each subgrouping is bordered on at least one side by a series of markers used as guideposts in determining the locations of the spaces, and where at least one bit in said series of digital data values is represented in each of said plurality of spaces where at least one logical state is expressed by the presence in the space of a spot of a particular spot size and at least one other logical state is expressed by the absence of a spot with said particular spot size from the space.

25. A method of encoding data comprising:

formatting the data into a series of data values arranged in a pattern, the pattern comprising a plurality of spaces formatted into a plurality of subgroupings of contiguous spaces, each subgrouping formatted into a plurality of rows and a plurality of columns; and

encoding a series of markers near each of at least two subgroupings of spaces.

26. The method of encoding data of claim 25 comprising encoding all or substantially all markers of the series of markers so as to serve as clocking mechanisms for the at least two subgroupings of spaces to which the series of markers is near.

27. The method of encoding of claim 25 comprising outputting the pattern.

28. The method of encoding of claim 25 comprising formatting the plurality of rows and the plurality of columns of spaces diagonally.

29. A method of encoding data comprising:

formatting the data into a series of data values arranged in a pattern, the pattern comprising a plurality of spaces formatted into a plurality of subgroupings of contiguous spaces, each subgrouping formatted into a plurality of rows and a plurality of columns; and

encoding a series of markers such that at least one marker in the series serves as a clocking mechanism for at least two subgroupings of spaces.

30. The method of encoding data of claim 29 comprising encoding the series of markers such that each marker in the series serves as a clocking mechanism for at least two subgroupings of spaces.

31. The method of encoding data of claim 30 comprising encoding a plurality of series of markers such that each marker in the plurality of series serves as a clocking mechanism for at least two subgroupings of spaces.

32. A method of encoding data into a pattern for output to a substrate, the pattern comprising at least one symbol representing at least part of said data, the method comprising:

defining at least one attribute of said at least one symbol in terms of printer pixels; and

formatting said at least one symbol into said pattern.

33. The method of encoding data of claim 32 wherein the pattern comprises a plurality of spaces wherein at least one data bit in a series of digital data values is represented in each of said plurality of spaces where at least one logical state of a data bit is expressed by the presence of a spot in the space, and wherein the step of defining comprises defining sizes of the spots and the spaces in printer pixels.

34. A system of encoding data into a pattern comprising:

selecting means for selecting at least one value for at least one format parameter from a plurality of values for the parameter; and

formatting means coupled to the selecting means for formatting the data into a series of data values wherein the series of data values are formatted into a plurality of cells at least some of which have a cell size having at least one dimension which, if a format parameter value has been selected defining a first dimension of a cell, then the first cell size dimension is defined as equaling the value so selected, and wherein at least one logical state in a cell is expressed by the presence in the cell of a spot with a spot size having at least one dimension which, if a format parameter value has been selected defining a first dimension of a spot, then the first spot size dimension is defined as equaling the value so selected.

35. The system of encoding of claim 34 further comprising means for selecting at least one method of compression and compressing means for compressing data in accordance with a selected method of compression, and wherein the formatting means formats data compressed by the compressing means.

36. The system of encoding of claim 34 further comprising means for selecting at least one method of encryption and encrypting means for encrypting data in accordance with a selected method of encryption, and wherein the formatting means formats data encrypted by the encrypting means.

37. The system of encoding of claim 34 further comprising means for selecting at least one method of error correction and error correction means for including error correction in accordance with a selected method of error correction, and wherein the formatting means formats data subjected to the error correction means.

38. The system of encoding of claim 34 wherein at least one spot has a nonrectangular shape and at least one format parameter value selected for the spot defines at least one dimension for the nonrectangular shape for the spot.

39. The system of encoding of claim 34 where at least one cell has a nonrectangular shape and a format parameter value selected for the cell defines a dimension for the nonrectangular shape for the cell.

40. The system of encoding of claim 34 where the selecting means comprises inputting means for inputting said at least one format parameter value from a plurality of values and means for selecting values for any remaining format parameters first from available information and then based on default values.

41. The system of encoding of claim 34 where a plurality of cells each have a cell size having dimensions equaling at least one format parameter value selected for the cell size dimensions and a plurality of spots each have a spot size having dimensions equaling at least one format parameter value selected for the spot size dimensions.

42. The system of encoding of claim 34 wherein the selecting means includes inputting means for inputting values for format parameters establishing dimensions for at least one cell size, for format parameters establishing dimensions for at least one spot size, for format parameters establishing the dimensions of at least one marker size, the distance of markers from cells, the distance of markers from each other, the type of printer utilized by said encoding means for encoding said plurality of cells into a pattern, the number of datasectors across, where a datasector is the smallest grouping of cells capable of delivering a complete message after applying error detection and correction, the number of datasectors down, the number of segments across, where a segment represents a row of cells between two columns of markers, and the number of spots per segment, and where, the formatting means formats said series of digital data values into said plurality of cells with at least one grouping of contiguous cells where said at least one grouping of contiguous cells are formatted into a plurality of contiguous rows and a plurality of contiguous columns and where two columns of markers are near said at least one grouping of contiguous cells, one column on each of two sides, where the markers are formatted according to the format parameters selected that establish the dimensions of at least one marker size, the distance of markers from cells, the distance of markers from each other, and where all such groupings of contiguous cells form a main body of data and where the formatting means further formats said plurality of cells into the number of datasectors determined by the format parameters establishing the number of datasectors down and the number of datasectors across where each datasector consists of at least one segment down and at least one segment across with the number of segments across determined by the format parameter establishing the number of segments across, and where each segment consists of a plurality of cells across with the number of cells across determined by the format parameter establishing the number of spots per segment, and where the formatting means formats near said at least one grouping of contiguous cells a metasector consisting of a plurality of cells wherein each cell of said metasector represents at least one bit in a series of bits representing the data values expressing the values selected for the format parameters whereby information contained in said metasector can be used to decode the data contained in the at least one grouping of contiguous cells.

43. The system of encoding of claim 34 comprising means for outputting said pattern to paper.

44. The system of encoding of claim 34 comprising means for outputting said pattern to magnetic media.

45. The system of encoding of claim 34 comprising means for outputting said pattern to photographic material.

46. The system of encoding of claim 34 comprising means for outputting said pattern to plastic.

47. The system of encoding of claim 34 comprising means for outputting said pattern to metal.

48. A method of encoding digital data comprising formatting the data into a series of data values arranged in a pattern, the pattern comprising a plurality of spaces at least some of which have at least two dimensions including a first dimension M pixels and a second dimension N pixels, wherein at least one bit in said series of digital data values is represented in each of said plurality of spaces where at least one logical state is expressed by the presence in the space of a spot having at least two dimensions including a first dimension X pixels and a second dimension Y pixels, and where at least one of the dimensions M, N, X, and Y is capable of differing from at least one other of the dimensions M, N, X, and Y.

49. The method of encoding of claim 48 where M is capable of differing from N.

50. The method of encoding of claim 48 where X is capable of differing from Y.

51. The method of encoding of claim 48 wherein at least some of the spaces have a width and height, wherein M is the width and N is the height of the spaces, and wherein at least some of the spots have a width and height, wherein X is the width and Y is the height of the spots.

52. The method of encoding of claim 51, where M is capable of differing from X.

53. The method of encoding of claim 51 where M is capable of differing from Y.

54. The method of encoding of claim 51 where N is capable of differing from X.

55. The method of encoding of claim 51 where N is capable of differing from Y.

56. The method of encoding of claim 51 where M is capable of differing from X and N is capable of differing from Y.

57. The method of encoding of claim 48 where at least two of the dimensions M, N, X, and Y are capable of differing from at least one other of the dimensions M, N, X, and Y.

58. The method of encoding of claim 57 where M is capable of differing from N and Y is capable of differing from X.

59. The method of encoding of claim 57 where each of the dimensions M, N, X, and Y is capable of differing from each of the other dimensions M, N, X, and Y.

60. The method of encoding of claim 48 where at least one of the dimensions M, N, X, and Y differs from at least one other of the dimensions M, N, X, and Y.

61. The method of encoding of claim 60 where at least two of the dimensions M, N, X, and Y differ from at least one of the other dimensions M, N, X, and Y.

62. The method of encoding of claim 61 where two of the dimensions M, N, X, and Y differ from two of the other dimensions M, N, X, and Y.

63. The method of encoding of claim 60 where X differs from Y and where M differs from N.

64. The method of encoding of claim 60 where M is the width and N is the height of at least some of a plurality of spaces, and X is the width and Y is the height of at least some of a plurality of spots, and where X is smaller than M and where X differs from Y.

65. The method of encoding of claim 60 where M is the width and N is the height of at least some of a plurality of spaces, and X is the width and Y is the height of at least some of a plurality of spots, and where Y is smaller than N and where Y differs from X.

66. The method of encoding of claim 48 where at least one logical state is expressed by the presence in the space of a spot of a spot size with dimensions X pixels by Y pixels and where at least one other logical state is expressed by the presence in the space of a spot of a spot size with dimensions other than X pixels by Y pixels.

67. The method of encoding of claim 48 comprising outputting said pattern to paper.

68. The method of encoding of claim 48 comprising outputting said pattern to magnetic media.

69. The method of encoding of claim 48 comprising outputting said pattern to photographic material.

70. The method of encoding of claim 48 comprising outputting said pattern to plastic.

71. The method of encoding of claim 48 comprising outputting said pattern to metal.

72. The method of encoding of claim 48 where at least one of the dimensions M, N, X, and Y can assume any one of a plurality of values for a given fixed value of at least one other of the dimensions M, N, X, and Y.

73. The method of encoding of claim 72 where M can assume any one of a plurality of values for a given fixed value of X.

74. The method of encoding of claim 72 where M can assume any one of a plurality of values for a given fixed value of Y.

75. The method of encoding of claim 72 where N can assume any one of a plurality of values for a given fixed value of X.

76. The method of encoding of claim 72 where N can assume any one of a plurality of values for a given fixed value of Y.

77. The method of encoding of claim 72 where Y can assume any one of a plurality of values for a given fixed value of X.

78. The method of encoding of claim 72 where N can assume any one of a plurality of values for a given fixed value of M.

79. The method of encoding of claim 72 where X can assume any one of a plurality of values for a given fixed value of M.

80. The method of encoding of claim 72 where Y can assume any one of a plurality of values for a given fixed value of N.