Modulated backscatter wireless communication system having an extended range

• US 6,100,790 A
• Filed: 11/19/1998
• Issued: 08/08/2000
• Est. Priority Date: 03/04/1994
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: NCR Corporation
• Original Assignee: NCR Corporation
• Inventors: Wilkus, Stephen A., Vannucci, Giovanni, Evans, James Gifford, Shober, R. Anthony
• Primary Examiner(s): Horabik, Michael
• Assistant Examiner(s): Asongwed, Anthony A.
• Application Number:
  US09/196,402
• Time in Patent Office: 628 Days
• Field of Search: 455/307, 455/63, 455/106, 455/45, 455/66, 455/73, 343/6.5, 342/51, 342/42, 340/80.1, 340/10.3, 340/825.69, 340/825.72, 340/571, 340/572
• US Class Current: 340/10.3
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/825 with exchange of information between interrogator and responder
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/88 Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications electromagnetic prospecting or detecting of objects, e.g. near-field detection, G01V3/00
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 7/0008 General problems related to the reading of electronic memory record carriers, independent of its reading method, e.g. power transfer
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 7/10069 the collision being resolved in the frequency domain, e.g. by hopping from one frequency to the other frequency hopping or spread spectrum techniques H04B7/00

Abstract

A modulated backscatter communication system (e.g., an Electronic Shelf Label (ESL) system) includes a central node (e.g., a ceiling node) and one or more remote nodes (e.g., ESL tags). The central node transmits a downlink radio signal which is reflectively modulated at a remote node to produce a modulated reflected radio signal. At the remote node, a precise-frequency subcarrier signal is modulated with an uplink information signal to produce a modulated signal which is used to produce the modulated reflected radio signal. At the central node, the modulated reflected radio signal is received, detected and narrowband filtered to obtain the modulated subcarrier signal which is then demodulated to obtain the uplink information signal, with great immunity to close to carrier downlink radio noise and fluorescent light backscatter interference.

Claims

1. An electronic shelf label system employing an electronic shelf label (ESL) tag to convey item information of an item comprising:

a central node including means for transmitting a continuous-wave signal at frequency f₁ to the ESL tag;

the electronic shelf label tag for conveying product information of items including means for modulating a subcarrier signal f₂ with an information signal to produce a modulated subcarrier signal and means for varying a reflection of the continuous-wave signal in response to the modulated subcarrier to produce a modulated reflected radio signal at frequency f₁ ±

f₂ ;

the central node further including means for receiving the modulated reflected radio signal and obtaining the information signal.

2. The electronic shelf label system of claim 1 wherein the item information comprises a price of the item.

3. The electronic shelf label system of claim 1 wherein the continuous-wave signal comprises a command for the ESL tag to display a price of the item.

4. The electronic shelf label system of claim 3 wherein the price of the item is stored in a computer database.

5. The electronic shelf label system of claim 3 wherein the reflected radio signal comprises an acknowledgement that the command for the ESL tag to display the price of the item was received.

6. The electronic shelf label system of claim 1 wherein the reflected radio signal comprises a low data rate signal.

7. The electronic shelf label system of claim 1 wherein the reflected radio signal comprises a single bit of information.

8. The electronic shelf label system of claim 7 wherein the single bit of information comprises the presence of a continuous-wave audio tone.

9. The electronic shelf label system of claim 7 wherein the single bit of information comprises the absence of a continuous-wave audio tone.

10. The electronic shelf label system of claim 1 wherein the continuous-wave signal comprises a command for the ESL to change a price of the item.

11. An electronic shelf label system employing an electronic shelf label (ESL) tag to convey item information of an item comprising:

a central node including a transmitter for transmitting a continuous-wave signal at frequency to the ESL tag;

the electronic shelf label tag for conveying product information of items including a generator for generating;

a first reflected radio signal at frequency f₁ ±

f₂ which has been modulated using a frequency subcarrier signal f₂ which has been modulated with a first information signal, wherein the first reflected radio signal is generated by varying a reflection of the continuous-wave signal at frequency f₁ ;

a second reflected radio signal at frequency f₁ ±

f₃ which has been modulated using a frequency subcarrier signal f₃ which has been modulated with a second information signal, wherein the second reflected radio signal is generated by varying a reflection of the continuous-wave signal at frequency f₁ ;

the central node further including a receiver for receiving the first reflected radio signal and the second reflected radio signal and obtaining the first information signal and the second information signal.

12. A modulated backscatter electronic shelf label communication system employing an electronic shelf label (ESL) tag to convey item information of an item:

a central node including a transmitter for transmitting a radio signal;

an electronic shelf label located on a shelf including;

a generator for generating a subcarrier signal;

a modulator for modulating said subcarrier signal with an information signal to produce a modulated subcarrier signal;

a reflector for varying a reflection of said radio signal in response to said modulated subcarrier signal to produce a modulated radio signal;

a display which displays the item information of the item;

the central node further including;

a receiver for receiving and detecting said reflected radio signal to obtain said modulated subcarrier signal;

a narrowband filter, including a digital signal, for filtering said modulated subcarrier signal;

a demodulator for demodulating the modulated subcarrier signal to obtain said information signal.

13. The electronic shelf label system of claim 12 wherein the subcarrier signal comprises a precise-frequency subcarrier signal.

14. The electronic shelf label system of claim 12 wherein the central node is mounted on a ceiling.

15. The electronic shelf label system of claim 12 wherein the item information comprises a price of the item.

16. The electronic shelf label system of claim 12 wherein the radio signal comprises a command for the ESL tag to display a price of the item.

17. The electronic shelf label system of claim 12 wherein the radio signal comprises a command for the ESL tag to change a price of an item.

18. The electronic shelf label system of claim 12 wherein the modulated radio signal comprises an acknowledgement by the ESL tag that the radio signal was received.

19. The electronic shelf label system of claim 12 wherein said generator includes a crystal oscillator to obtain the subcarrier signal.

20. The electronic shelf label system of claim 12 further including a counter for counting down a crystal oscillator frequency to generate the subcarrier signal.

21. The electronic shelf label system of claim 12 further including a multiplier for multiplying a crystal oscillator frequency to generate the subcarrier signal.

22. The electronic shelf label system of claim 12 further including a frequency synthesizer to generate the subcarrier signal from a crystal oscillator frequency.

23. The electronic shelf label system of claim 12 further including both a multiplier and a counter to generate the subcarrier signal from a crystal oscillator frequency.

24. The electronic shelf label system of claim 12 wherein said receiver includes a homodyne receiver for detecting said reflected radio signal to obtain said modulated subcarrier signal.

25. The electronic shelf label system of claim 12 wherein said modulator generates a modulated subcarrier signal having one or more sidebands.

26. The electronic shelf label system of claim 12 wherein said modulator modulates one of a plurality of subcarrier frequencies which are inputted thereto.

27. The electronic shelf label system of claim 12 wherein said demodulator includes a comb filter for filtering said modulated subcarrier signal.

28. The electronic shelf label system of claim 27 wherein said comb filter is adapted to demodulate and detect more than one sideband frequency.

29. The electronic shelf label system of claim 12 wherein said demodulator includes a digital signal processor for filtering said modulated subcarrier signal.

30. The electronic shelf label system of claim 29 wherein said digital signal processor is adapted to demodulate and detect more than one sideband frequency.

31. The electronic shelf label system of claim 12 wherein said generator generates more than one such subcarrier signal.

32. The electronic shelf label system of claim 12 wherein the receiver detects the signal strength at a frequency at which no subcarrier is present.

33. A method of communicating to an electronic shelf label (ESL) tag comprising the steps of:

transmitting a radio signal at a frequency f₁ from a central node to the ESL tag;

modulating a subcarrier signal f₂ with an information signal by the ESL tag;

varying a reflection of the radio signal in response to the modulated subcarrier to produce a modulated reflected radio signal at frequency f₁ ±

f₂ by the ESL tag; and

receiving the modulated reflected radio signal by the central node and obtaining the information signal.