Fixed network RF communications complaint with CEBus protocol

• US 6,100,817 A
• Filed: 03/17/1998
• Issued: 08/08/2000
• Est. Priority Date: 03/17/1998
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: ABB Automation GmbH (ABB Limited)
• Original Assignee: ABB Power T&D Limited (ABB Limited)
• Inventors: Shuey, Kenneth C., Mason, Robert T. Jr.
• Primary Examiner(s): Horabik, Michael
• Assistant Examiner(s): Edwards, Jr., Timothy
• Application Number:
  US09/042,773
• Time in Patent Office: 875 Days
• Field of Search: 340/870.02, 340/870.07, 340/870.03, 370/312, 370/328, 370/346
• US Class Current: 340/870.02
• CPC Class Codes: G01D 4/004 Remote reading of utility meters to a fixed location
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 22/063 related to remote communication
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 13/00016 using a wired telecommunication network or a data transmission bus
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 13/00028 involving the use of Internet protocols
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 2213/10 using simultaneously two or more different transmission means
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 12/4625 Single bridge functionality, e.g. connection of two networks over a single bridge
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 2101/604 Address structures or formats
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 2101/695 using masks or ranges of addresses
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 63/083 using passwords cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for entity authentication using a predetermined code H04L9/3226
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 67/12 specially adapted for proprietary or special-purpose networking environments, e.g. medical networks, sensor networks, networks in vehicles or remote metering networks
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 69/22 Parsing or analysis of headers
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 90/20 Smart grids as enabling technology in buildings sector smart grids supporting the management or operation of end-user stationary applications in general, or like technologies with no associated climate change mitigation effect Y04S20/00
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 20/30 Smart metering, e.g. specially adapted for remote reading
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 40/18 Network protocols supporting networked applications, e.g. including control of end-device applications over a network
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 40/20 Information technology specific aspects, e.g. CAD, simulation, modelling, system security

Abstract

The CEBUS protocol is employed in an automatic meter reading (AMR) fixed network RF system while maintaining commonality and compliance with other CEBUS equipment. The AMR system comprises a plurality of utility meters, each meter comprising a radio frequency (RF) module for transmitting and receiving RF CEBUS message packets in accordance with a prescribed CEBUS protocol, wherein the CEBUS message packets contain embedded AMR message packets in accordance with a prescribed AMR protocol. In addition, the system includes a node(s) for accessing data stored by any one or a group of the utility meters via RF communications using the CEBUS protocol.

Claims

1. An automatic meter reading (AMR) system, comprising:

(a) a plurality of utility meters, each said meter comprising a radio frequency (RF) module for transmitting and receiving RF CEBUS message packets in accordance with a prescribed CEBUS protocol, wherein said CEBUS message packets contain embedded AMR message packets in accordance with a prescribed AMR protocol; and

(b) a node for accessing data stored by any one or a group of said utility meters via RF communications using said CEBUS protocol;

wherein the CEBUS message packets include a plurality of fields, a selected one of said fields having a first prescribed format for messages from the node to the meters and a second prescribed format for messages from the meters to the node.

2. An AMR system as recited in claim 1, wherein the CEBUS message packets provide fields for addressing individual meters and groups of meters, for performing multi-level repeater functions, and for performing authentication/password control.

3. An AMR system as recited in claim 2, wherein the CEBUS protocol comprises a Source Device Address field and an Information field that includes a Network Layer Header (NPDU), an Application Layer Header (APDU), and a Common Application Language (CAL) message;

and wherein repeater information is embedded in said Source Device Address field, authentication/password information is embedded in said Application Layer Header, and group addressing information is embedded in said Common Application Language message.

4. An AMR system as recited in claim 3, wherein said CAL message includes a user defined header portion having a format including a Group Response Select field, an Address Mask field, and an Address field.

5. An AMR system as recited in claim 4, wherein said CAL message format consists essentially of bit fields having the following configuration:

space="preserve" listing-type="tabular">______________________________________ Group Response Select Address Mask Address Field ______________________________________ 4 bits 4 bits 32 bits ______________________________________

6. An AMR system as recited in claim 4, wherein each meter has a unique address and said node is capable of reading data of individual meters using the individual meters'"'"' unique address.

7. An AMR system as recited in claim 6, wherein said node is capable of reading data of a selected group of meters with a single command.

8. An AMR system as recited in claim 7, wherein said Address Mask is used to convey information between the node and the meters.

9. An AMR system as recited in claim 8, wherein the Address Mask field has a first prescribed format for messages from the node to the meters and the second prescribed format for messages from the meters to the node.

10. An AMR system as recited in claim 9, wherein, for messages sent from the node to a meter(s), the Address Mask field identifies the type of address held in the Address field.

11. An AMR system as recited in claim 10, wherein, when the Address Mask equals zero, the Address field contains a unique address;

and when the Address Mask field is non-zero, the Address field is divided into a prescribed number of group addresses and each of the bits in the Address Mask field are used to indicate the presence or absence of a specific group address.

12. An AMR system as recited in claim 11, wherein, if an address select bit in the Address Mask field is set (=1), the meter will respond only if a corresponding address in the Address field matches the meter'"'"'s address.

13. An AMR system as recited in claim 12, wherein, for group addressing, the format of the Address Mask and Address fields comprises bit fields having the following format:

space="preserve" listing-type="tabular">__________________________________________________________________________Address Mask Field Address Field Utility Section Class Division Utility Section Class Division Select Select Select Select Address Address Address Address __________________________________________________________________________ 1 bit 1 bit 1 bit 1 bit 12 bits 4 bits 8 bits 8 bits __________________________________________________________________________

14. An AMR system as recited in claim 13, each response message from a meter contains the meter'"'"'s unique address, and the Address Mask field is defined differently for meter response messages.

15. An AMR system as recited in claim 14, wherein, for meter response messages, the bits of the Address Mask field are used by meters functioning as repeaters to indicate message transfer failure.

16. An AMR system as recited in claim 15, wherein, for meter response messages, the Address Mask field is defined as:

space="preserve" listing-type="tabular">______________________________________ Address Mask in response message Definition ______________________________________ 0 No errors, successful message 1 1st level repeater did not receive response from repeater or end meter 2 2nd level repeater did not receive response from end meter 3-15 undefined ______________________________________

17. An AMR system as recited in claim 4, wherein, for group response messages the node is capable of eliciting individual responses from a selected group of meters by broadcasting a single command.

18. An AMR system as recited in claim 17, wherein, after broadcasting a message, the node sets a timer and waits for meter responses before it broadcasts another message;

and each meter is assigned a unique window of time during which it is allowed to broadcast a response to the node.

19. An AMR system as recited in claim 18, wherein said window of time comprises two configurable parameters, including a timeslot parameter and a window size parameter;

and wherein no two meters responding to a message from the node are configured with the same timeslot but all meters responding to said message are configured with the same window size.

20. An AMR system as recited in claim 19, wherein said Group Response Select field allows the node to select one of a prescribed number of meter timeslots for the group response.

21. An AMR system as recited in claim 20, wherein each meter has an associated application and, after a given meter receives a node message and is waiting to transmit its response, the said given meter uses a Link layer filter to prevent responses to the node from other meters from being passed to the given meter'"'"'s application, whereby the given meter'"'"'s application is prevented from continually reading and processing received messages while waiting to transmit a response.

22. An AMR system as recited in claim 4, the Source Address field is used for repeater addresses to either implement RF communications that read meters directly, with single repeats or with dual repeats.

23. An AMR system as recited in claim 4, wherein, to prevent unauthorized access to said meters, an encrypted password algorithm is used at the meter and at the node.

24. An AMR system as recited in claim 23, said encryption algorithm is time dependent such that an encryption key employed by the algorithm is changed periodically.

25. An AMR system as recited in claim 24, wherein the node follows the same encryption algorithm as the meters such that the encryption key is known by both the node and the meters, and time synch messages from the node are used to ensure that both the node and the meters maintain the correct sequence in changing the encryption key.

26. A method for operating automatic meter reading (AMR) system, including a plurality of utility meters and a node for accessing data stored by any one or a group of said utility meters via RF communications using said CEBUS protocol, each said meter comprising a radio frequency (RF) module for transmitting and receiving RF CEBUS message packets in accordance with the prescribed CEBUS protocol, wherein said CEBUS message packets contain embedded AMR message packets in accordance with a prescribed AMR protocol, said method comprising:

defining fields in CEBUS message packets so as to provide fields for addressing individual meters and groups of meters, wherein a selected one of said fields is defined as having a first prescribed format for messages from the node to the meters and a second prescribed format for messages from the meters to the node.

27. A method as recited in claim 26, further comprising defining fields in said CEBUS message packets for performing multi-level repeater functions and for performing authentication/password control.

28. A method as recited in claim 26, wherein the CEBUS protocol comprises a Source Device Address field and an Information field that includes a Network Layer Header (NPDU), an Application Layer Header (APDU), and a Common Application Language (CAL) message;

and wherein repeater information is embedded in said Source Device Address field, authentication/password information is embedded in said Application Layer Header, and group addressing information is embedded in said Common Application Language message.

29. A method as recited in claim 28, wherein said CAL message includes a user defined header portion having a format including a Group Response Select field, an Address Mask field, and an Address field.

30. A method as recited in claim 29, wherein a CAL message user defined header format consists essentially of bit fields having the following configuration:

space="preserve" listing-type="tabular">______________________________________ Group Response Select Address Mask Address Field ______________________________________ 4 bits 4 bits 32 bits ______________________________________

31. A method as recited in claim 29, wherein each meter has a unique address and said node is capable of reading data of individual meters using the individual meters'"'"' unique address.

32. A method as recited in claim 31, wherein said node is capable of reading data of a selected group of meters with a single command.

33. A method as recited in claim 32, wherein said Address Mask is used to convey information between the node and the meters.

34. A method as recited in claim 33, wherein the Address Mask field has the first prescribed format for messages from the node to the meters and the second prescribed format for messages from the meters to the node.

35. A method as recited in claim 34, wherein, for messages sent from the node to a meter(s), the Address Mask field identifies the type of address held in the Address field.

36. A method as recited in claim 35, wherein, when the Address Mask equals zero, the Address field contains a unique address;

and when the Address Mask field is non-zero, the Address field is divided into a prescribed number of group addresses and each of the bits in the Address Mask field are used to indicate the presence or absence of a specific group address.

37. A method as recited in claim 36, wherein, if an address select bit in the Address Mask field is set (=1), the meter will respond only if a corresponding address in the Address field matches the meter'"'"'s address.

38. A method as recited in claim 37, wherein, for group addressing, the format of the Address Mask and Address fields comprises bit fields having the following format:

space="preserve" listing-type="tabular">__________________________________________________________________________Address Mask Field Address Field Utility Section Class Division Utility Section Class Division Select Select Select Select Address Address Address Address __________________________________________________________________________ 1 bit 1 bit 1 bit 1 bit 12 bits 4 bits 8 bits 8 bits __________________________________________________________________________

39. A method as recited in claim 38, each response message from a meter contains the meter'"'"'s unique address, and the Address Mask field is defined differently for meter response messages.

40. A method as recited in claim 39, wherein, for meter response messages, the bits of the Address Mask field are used by meters functioning as repeaters to indicate message transfer failure.

41. A method as recited in claim 40, wherein, for meter response messages, the Address Mask field is defined as:

space="preserve" listing-type="tabular">______________________________________ Address Mask in response message Definition ______________________________________ 0 No errors, successful message 1 1st level repeater did not receive response from repeater or end meter 2 2nd level repeater did not receive response from end meter 3-15 undefined ______________________________________

42. A method as recited in claim 29, wherein, for group response messages, the node is capable of eliciting individual responses from a selected group of meters by broadcasting a single command.

43. A method as recited in claim 42, wherein, after broadcasting a message, the node sets a timer and waits for meter responses before it broadcasts another message;

and each meter is assigned a unique window of time during which it is allowed to broadcast a response to the node.

44. A method as recited in claim 43, wherein said window of time comprises two configurable parameters, including a timeslot parameter and a window size parameter;

and wherein no two meters responding to a message from the node are configured with the same timeslot but all meters responding to said message are configured with the same window size.

45. A method as recited in claim 44, wherein said Group Response Select field allows the node to select one of a prescribed number of meter timeslots for the group response.

46. A method as recited in claim 45, wherein each meter has an associated application and, after a given meter receives a node message and is waiting to transmit its response, the said given meter uses a Link layer filter to prevent responses to the node from other meters from being passed to the given meter'"'"'s application, whereby the given meter'"'"'s application is prevented from continually reading and processing received messages while waiting to transmit a response.

47. A method as recited in claim 29, the Source Address field is used for repeater addresses to either implement RF communications that read meters directly, with single repeats or with dual repeats.

48. A method as recited in claim 29, wherein, to prevent unauthorized access to said meters, an encrypted password algorithm is used at the meter and at the node.

49. A method as recited in claim 48, said encryption algorithm is time dependent such that an encryption key employed by the algorithm is changed periodically.

50. A method as recited in claim 49, wherein the node follows the same encryption algorithm as the meters such that the encryption key is known by both the node and the meters, and time synch messages from the node are used to ensure that both the node and the meter maintain the correct sequence in changing the encryption key.