Tunable multispectral optical filter and imaging apparatus

• US 6,101,034 A
• Filed: 02/09/1996
• Issued: 08/08/2000
• Est. Priority Date: 02/09/1996
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Cox, James Allen, Fritz, Bernard S.
• Original Assignee: Cox, James Allen, Fritz, Bernard S.
• Inventors: Cox, James Allen, Fritz, Bernard S.
• Primary Examiner(s): Henry, Jon W.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Juba, Jr., John
• Application Number:
  US08/598,954
• Time in Patent Office: 1,642 Days
• Field of Search: 359/559, 359/562, 359/564, 359/569, 359/615, 359/565, 359/566, 359/900, 359/399, 359/362, 382/162, 382/163, 382/165, 382/264, 382/263, 356/331, 356/332
• US Class Current: 359/562
• CPC Class Codes: G01J 3/2823 Imaging spectrometer
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 27/46 Systems using spatial filters
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 359/90 Methods

Abstract

Disclosed is a tunable multispectral optical apparatus for forming a spectrally processed image of a scene having finite angular extent or alternatively a point source of light, both of which may include multispectral components. A spatial filter is selectively positioned between a hybrid fore-optic and a hybrid reimaging optic, both of which include a diffractive optic. Spectral selectivity is obtained by proper positioning of the spatial filter relative to the intermediate image formed by the hybrid fore-optic before impinging on the hybrid reimaging optic. The tunable multispectral optical apparatus of the present invention may take the form of a bandpass filter or a bandstop filter depending only on the choice of spatial filter--blocking or passing selective wavelength components of the intermediate image.

Claims

1. A tunable multispectral optical apparatus for forming a spectrally processed image of a scene containing multispectral components, said tunable multispectral optical apparatus comprising:

a hybrid fore-optic means, having a fore-optic optical axis and a fore-optic focal point associated therewith, for forming an intermediate image on an image side of said hybrid fore-optic means in response to light rays emanating from said scene and impinging upon an object side of said hybrid fore-optic means, opposite said image side, and wherein said hybrid fore-optic means includes at least one diffractive optical element positioned substantially at said fore-optic focal point;

hybrid reimaging optic means, having a rear-optic optical axis and a rear-optic pupil associated therewith, for forming an output image derived from said intermediate image, and wherein said hybrid rear-optic means includes at least one diffractive optical element positioned substantially at said rear-optic pupil; and

optical spatial filter means for intercepting at least a portion of said intermediate image, said spatial filter means selectively configured and selectively positioned between said hybrid fore-optic means and said hybrid reimaging optic means such that said output image includes only selected ones of said multispectral components of said scene.

2. The apparatus of claim 1 further including:

well-corrected optic means interposed between said scene and said hybrid fore-optic for forming a well-corrected optical image; and

sampling filter means interposed between said well-corrected optic means and said hybrid fore-optic means for intercepting said well-corrected image before impinging upon said hybrid fore-optic means.

3. The tunable multispectral optical apparatus of claim 1 further comprising:

translation means for spatially positioning said optical spatial filter means between said hybrid fore-optic means and said hybrid reimaging optical means in response to a command signal;

output image detector means for intercepting said output image and converting said output image into an electrical signal representation of said output image; and

control means responsive to said electrical signal representation of said output image for providing said command signal such that said optical spatial filter means is spatially positioned at an intermediate image plane of a selected spectral component of said intermediate image formed by said hybrid fore-optic means.

4. The tunable multispectral optical apparatus of claim 1 further comprising means for spatially positioning said optical spatial filter means between said hybrid fore-optic means and said hybrid reimaging optic means at an intermediate image plane of a selected spectral component of said intermediate image formed by said hybrid fore-optic means.

5. A tunable multispectral optical apparatus for forming a spectrally processed image of a scene containing multispectral components, said tunable multispectral optical apparatus comprising:

a first optical means, having a fore-optic optical axis and a fore-optic focal point associated therewith, said fore-optic optical axis passing through an object side and an oppositely opposed image side of said first optical means, said first optical means arranged for receiving light rays emanating from said scene and impinging on said object side, and forming an intermediate image of said scene on said image side of said first optical means and in a volume containing said fore-optic optical axis such that there exists an image plane associated with each spectral component of said intermediate image dispersed longitudinally along said first optical axis, and wherein said first optical means includes at least one diffractive optical element positioned substantially at said fore-optic focal point;

a second optical means, having a rear-optic optical axis and a rear-optic pupil associated therewith, and wherein said rear-optic optical axis is optically aligned with said fore-optic optical axis, said second optical means spatially separated from said first optical means and in the optical path of said intermediate image for forming an output image at a fixed image plane perpendicular to said rear-optic optical axis, and wherein said second optical means includes at least one diffractive optical element substantially positioned at said rear-optic pupil; and

optical spatial filter means selectively configured and selectively positioned between said first and second optical means for intercepting at least a portion of said intermediate image, and selectively passing and blocking light rays associated with said intermediate image before impinging upon said second optical means so that said output image includes only selected ones of said multispectral components of said scene.

6. The tunable multispectral optical apparatus of claim 5 further comprising means for spatially positioning said optical spatial filter means between said first and second optical means at an intermediate image plane of a selected spectral component of said intermediate image formed by said first optical means.

7. The tunable multispectral optical apparatus of claim 5 further comprising output image detector means for intercepting said output image and converting said output image into an electrical signal representation of said second image.

8. The tunable multispectral optical apparatus of claim 7 further comprising control means responsive to said electrical signal representation of said output image for controlling the position of said optical spatial filter means so as to form said output image having said selected ones of said multispectral spectral components in focus.

9. The tunable multispectral optical apparatus of claim 5 further comprising image recording means for intercepting said output image and recording said output image as a photographic reproduction thereof.

10. The tunable multispectral optical apparatus of claim 5 wherein said first optical means successively includes:

said first diffractive optical element having said light rays emanating from said scene impinging thereon; and

optical means for intercepting light rays emanating from said diffractive optical element.

11. The tunable multispectral optical apparatus of claim 5 wherein:

said at least one diffractive optical element of said first optical means is constructed to form a limiting aperture of said tunable multispectral optical apparatus.

12. The tunable multispectral optical apparatus of claim 5 wherein said second optical means forms said output image as substantially collimated light rays so as to be capable of being viewed by an eye of an observer.

13. The tunable multispectral optical apparatus of claim 5 wherein said optical spatial filter means is substantially an optically non-transmissive medium having a planar array of optically transmissive apertures separated by optically non-transmissive regions.

14. The tunable multispectral optical apparatus of claim 5 wherein said optical spatial filter is substantially an optically transmissive medium having a planar array of light blocking aperture regions separated by optically transmissive regions.

15. The tunable multispectral optical apparatus of claim 5 further comprising image enhancement means interposed between said scene to be viewed and said first optical means, wherein said image enhancement means includes:

well-corrected imaging optic means, having a third optical axis optically aligned with said fore-optic optical axis, for forming a substantially non-dispersive third optical image of said scene;

a second optical spatial filter means spatially positioned so as to intercept said third optical image, said second spatial filter means including an aperture for passing substantially only those light rays passing through said third optical image; and

wherein said second optical spatial filter means is a planar array of optically transmissive apertures separated by optically non-transmissive regions capable of passing substantially all of said multispectra components of said scene.

16. The tunable multispectral optical apparatus of claim 5 further comprising:

translation means for spatially positioning said optical spatial filter means between said first and second optical means in response to a command signal;

output image detector means for intercepting said output image and converting said output image into an electrical signal representation of said output image; and

control means responsive to said electrical signal representation of said output image for providing said command signal such that said optical spatial filter means is spatially positioned at an intermediate image plane of a selected spectral component of said intermediate image formed by said first optical means.

17. The tunable multispectral optical apparatus of claim 5 wherein:

said at least one diffractive optical element of said first optical means is constructed to form a limiting aperture of said tunable multispectral optical apparatus.

18. A method of forming a spectrally processed image of a scene containing multispectral components, said method comprising the steps of:

viewing said scene by a hybrid fore optic means and forming an intermediate image on an image side of said hybrid fore-optic means in response to light rays emanating from said scene and impinging upon an object side of said hybrid-fore optic means, wherein said hybrid fore-optic means includes a fore-optic optical axis and a fore-optic focal point associated therewith, and there being at least one diffractive optical element positioned substantially at said fore-optic focal point, forming, in part, a limiting aperture of said hybrid fore-optic means;

viewing said intermediate image by a hybrid reimaging optic including at least one diffractive optical element and forming an output image; and

intercepting said intermediate image with an optical spatial filter means selectively configured and positioned between said hybrid fore-optic and said hybrid reimaging optic such that said output image includes only selected ones of said multispectral components of said scene.

19. The method of claim 18 wherein said spatial filter means is a selected one of:

(i) an optically non-transmissive medium having a planar array of optically transmissive apertures separated by optically non-transmissive regions, and (ii) an optically transmissive medium having a planar array of light blocking regions separated by optically transmissive regions.

20. A tunable multispectral optical apparatus for forming a spectrally processed image of a scene containing multispectral components, said tunable multispectral optical apparatus comprising:

a hybrid fore-optic means, including at least one diffractive optic element, for forming an intermediate image on an image side of said hybrid fore-optic means in response to light rays emanating from said scene an impinging upon an object side of said hybrid fore-optic means, opposite said image side;

hybrid reimaging optic means, including at least one diffractive optical element, for forming an output image derived from said intermediate image, and optical spatial filter means for intercepting at least a portion of said intermediate image, wherein said spatial filter means is selectively positioned between said hybrid fore-optic means and said hybrid reimaging optic means such that said output image includes only selected ones of said multispectral components of said scene, and wherein said spatial filter means is a selected one of;

(i) an optically non-transmissive medium having a planar array of optically transmissive apertures separated by optically non-transmissive regions, and (ii) an optically transmissive medium having a planar array of light blocking regions separated by optically transmissive regions.