Graphical user interface with optimal transparency thresholds for maximizing user performance and system efficiency

• US 6,118,427 A
• Filed: 04/18/1996
• Issued: 09/12/2000
• Est. Priority Date: 04/18/1996
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Autodesk, Inc.
• Original Assignee: Silicon Graphics Incorporated (Graphics Properties Holdings, Inc.)
• Inventors: Vicente, Kim J., Harrison, Beverly L., Buxton, William A.S.
• Primary Examiner(s): Saras, Steven J.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Bell, Paul A.
• Application Number:
  US08/634,211
• Time in Patent Office: 1,608 Days
• Field of Search: 345/113, 345/114, 345/115, 345/339, 345/340, 345/343, 345/344, 345/345, 345/435, 348/586
• US Class Current: 345/629
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 2203/04804 Transparency, e.g. transparent or translucent windows
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/0481 based on specific properties of the displayed interaction object or a metaphor-based environment, e.g. interaction with desktop elements like windows or icons, or assisted by a cursor's changing behaviour or appearance
• CPC Class Codes: G09G 2340/12 Overlay of images, i.e. displayed pixel being the result of switching between the corresponding input pixels
• CPC Class Codes: G09G 5/14 Display of multiple viewports

Abstract

A system and method for providing a graphical user interface (GUI) for maximized user performance and system efficiency. The GUI utilizes variable-transparency to merge images (or layers) of objects onto a graphical display. For example, "see through" objects (such as menus, tool palettes, windows, dialogue boxes, or screens) are superimposed over similar objects or different background content (such as text, wire-frame or line art images, or solid images). A critical factor in the usability of variably-transparent GUI is the effect of visual interference on user performance. That is, the interaction between superimposed objects of varying types measurably alters performance to unacceptable levels in terms of user selection error rates and response times. The present invention provides a system and method of using optimal threshold transparency levels for user performance optimization. Correspondingly, the present invention does not substantially rely on visual enhancement techniques within the transparency ranges delineated by the optimal thresholds, thereby providing enhanced system efficiency. Additionally, the present invention provides hybrid windows having both variably-transparent regions and opaque regions for further performance gains.

Claims

1. A system having a graphical user interface in which variably-transparent objects are displayed thereon, the system comprising:

a generator for generating variably-transparent foreground and background objects for display on the graphical user interface;

a controller for controlling a transparency level of said foreground objects, wherein said controller presets said transparency level at a minimum of approximately 50 percent transparency; and

a limiter for setting a plurality of transparency level upper limits, wherein each of said upper limits sets a maximum transparency level for objects associated with an application type.

2. The system according to claim 1, further comprising an adjuster for adjusting said transparency level within a range of 0-100 percent transparency.

3. The system according to claim 1, wherein said generator uses alpha blending to generate said foreground objects.

4. The system according to claim 1, further comprising an application program, wherein said generator, said controller, and said limiter are incorporated into said application program.

5. The system according to claim 1, further comprising an operating system and a plurality of application programs, wherein said generator, said controller, and said limiter are incorporated into said operating system.

6. The system according to claim 1, wherein said generator, said controller, and said limiter are incorporated into a hardware subsystem.

7. The system according to claim 1, further comprising a hybrid window displayer, operably connected to said generator, said controller, and said limiter, for displaying on the graphical user interface a hybrid window having one of said foreground objects, one of said background objects, and an opaque foreground object.

8. The system according to claim 7, wherein said opaque foreground object is a user selectable object.

9. The system according to claim 1, further comprising a window displayer, operably connected to said generator, said controller, and said limiter for displaying on the graphical user interface a window having surface area objects and non-surface area objects, wherein said window displayer automatically provides transparency to said surface object and said window displayer independently determines whether to apply transparency to said non-surface area objects.

10. The system according to claim 1, wherein said limiter sets a transparency level upper limit of approximately 75 percent for objects associated with user interactive text-based applications.

11. The system according to claim 1, wherein said limiter sets a transparency level upper limit of approximately 75 percent for objects associated with modeling based applications.

12. The system according to claim 1, wherein said limiter sets a transparency level upper limit of approximately 90 percent for objects associated with animation based applications.

13. The system according to claim 1, wherein said limiter sets transparency level upper limits of approximately 75 percent for objects associated with user interactive text-based applications, approximately 75 percent for objects associated with modeling based applications, and approximately 90 percent for objects associated with animation based applications.

14. A computer program product for displaying objects on the monitor, the computer program product comprising:

a computer usable medium having a computer readable program code embodied in said medium for enabling the computer system to provide the variably-transparent objects, said computer readable program code comprising;

a generator for enabling the computer system to generate variably-transparent foreground and background objects for display on the graphical user interface;

a controller for enabling the computer system to control a transparency level of said foreground objects, wherein said controller presets said transparency level at a minimum of approximately 50 percent transparency; and

a limiter for enabling the computer system to set a plurality of transparency level upper limits, wherein each of said upper limits sets a maximum transparency level for objects associated with an application type.

15. The computer program product according to claim 14, wherein said limiter sets a transparency level upper limit to approximately 75 percent transparency for objects associated with user interactive text based applications.

16. The computer program product according to claim 14, wherein said limiter sets a transparency level upper limit to approximately 75 percent transparency for objects associated with modeling based applications.

17. The computer program product according to claim 14, wherein said limiter sets a transparency level upper limit to approximately 90 percent transparency for objects associated with animation based applications.

18. The computer program product according to claim 14, wherein said generator uses stippling to generate said foreground objects.

19. The computer program product according to claim 14, wherein said generator and said controller are incorporated into a graphical user interface program.

20. The computer program product according to claim 14, further comprising a hybrid window displayer for displaying a hybrid window having one of said foreground objects, one of said background objects, and an opaque foreground object.

21. The computer program product according to claim 14, further comprising a window displayer for displaying a window having surface area objects and non-surface area objects, wherein said window displayer automatically provides transparency to said surface object and said window displayer independently determines whether to apply transparency to said non-surface objects.

22. The computer program product according to claim 14, wherein said limiter sets transparency level upper limits to approximately 75 percent transparency for objects associated with user interactive text based applications, approximately 75 percent transparency for objects associated with modeling based applications, and approximately 90 percent transparency for objects associated with animation based applications.

23. A method providing variably-transparent objects, the method comprising steps of:

generating variably-transparent foreground and background objects for display on a graphical user interface;

controlling a transparency level of said foreground objects, including presetting said transparency level to a minimum of approximately 50 percent transparency; and

setting a plurality of transparency level upper limits, wherein each of said upper limits sets a maximum transparency level for objects associated with an application type.

24. A system having a graphical user interface in which variably-transparent objects are displayed thereon, the system comprising:

generating means for generating variably-transparent foreground and background objects for display on the graphical user interface;

controlling means for controlling a transparency level of said foreground objects, wherein said controlling means presets said transparency level at a minimum of approximately 50 percent transparency; and

limiting means for setting a plurality of transparency level upper limits, wherein each of said upper limits sets a maximum transparency level for objects associated with an application type.