Encryption for modulated backscatter systems

• US 6,130,623 A
• Filed: 12/31/1996
• Issued: 10/10/2000
• Est. Priority Date: 12/31/1996
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Lucent Technologies, Inc. (Nokia Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Lucent Technologies, Inc. (Nokia Corporation)
• Inventors: Vannucci, Giovanni, MacLellan, John Austin
• Primary Examiner(s): Zimmerman, Brian
• Assistant Examiner(s): Dalencourt, Yves
• Application Number:
  US08/777,832
• Time in Patent Office: 1,379 Days
• Field of Search: 340/825.54, 340/825.31, 455/38.2, 380/2161 H, 380/2232 N, 380/23, 713/200, 713/201, 713/202
• US Class Current: 340/5.1
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/756 using a signal generator for modifying the reflectivity of the reflector G01S13/758 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/24 for communication between two or more posts wireless communication networks H04W
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 2209/56 Financial cryptography, e.g. electronic payment or e-cash
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 2209/805 Lightweight hardware, e.g. radio-frequency identification [RFID] or sensor
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 9/3271 using challenge-response

Abstract

A tag and an interrogator exchange proprietary information using Modulated BackScatter (MBS) technology. A method for encrypting the RFID user'"'"'s PIN and thereby making the interception and the subsequent illegal use of RFID accounts at least as difficult as a present day ATM cards. For example, the encryption method can be based upon the US Digital Encryption Standard (DES), either first or third level. The Tag'"'"'s personal encryption key is only known by the financial database and the RFID Tag. This method can be applied to any type of financial, debt, identification, or credit card.

Claims

1. A method of radio communication, comprising:

transmitting a radio signal from an interrogator to a tag;

in the tag, modulating a reflection of the radio signal using, at least in part, a unique identifier, thereby forming a reflected radio signal modulated by the unique identifier;

in the interrogator, receiving and demodulating the reflected radio signal modulated by the unique identifier, thereby recovering the unique identifier;

in the interrogator, generating a random challenge, and transmitting the random challenge and the unique identifier to an application processor; and

in the interrogator, modulating the radio signal using the random challenge, thereby forming a radio signal modulated by the random challenge, and transmitting to the tag the radio signal modulated by the random challenge.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

in the tag, modulating the reflection of the radio signal using an encrypted signal, thereby forming a reflected radio signal modulated by the encrypted signal;

in the interrogator, receiving and demodulating the reflected radio signal modulated by the encrypted signal, thereby obtaining the encrypted signal; and

transmitting the encrypted signal to the application processor.

3. The method system of claim 2, further comprising:

in the tag, generating a subcarrier signal, and modulating the subcarrier signal using the encrypted signal, thereby forming a subcarrier signal modulated by the encrypted signal; and

the step of modulating the reflection of the radio signal using the encrypted signal is carried out using the subcarrier signal modulated by the encrypted signal.

4. The method of claim 2, further comprising, in the application processor:

a deciphering the encrypted signal, thereby generating an information signal; and

storing the information signal.

5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

in the application processor, generating a first encrypted response using at least the random challenge and the unique identifier;

transmitting the first encrypted response to the interrogator;

in the tag, generating a second encrypted response using at least the random challenge, and modulating the reflection of the radio signal using the second encrypted response, thereby forming a reflected radio signal modulated by the second encrypted response;

in the interrogator, receiving the first encrypted response from the application processor, demodulating the reflected radio signal modulated by the second encrypted response to recover the second encrypted response, and comparing the first and second encrypted responses; and

indicating acceptance or rejection of the result of the comparing step.

6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

in the tag, generating a subcarrier signal, and modulating the subcarrier signal using the unique identifier, thereby forming a subcarrier signal modulated by the unique identifier;

and in the tag, the step of modulating the reflection of the radio signal using, at least in part, the unique identifier is carried out by using the subcarrier signal modulated by the unique identifier.

7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

transmitting an encrypted information signal from the application processor to the interrogator;

in the interrogator, adding the unique identifier to the encrypted information signal, thereby forming an addressed information signal;

adding cyclic redundant check coding to the addressed information signal, thereby forming a message signal;

modulating the radio signal with the message signal, thereby forming a radio signal modulated by the message signal;

transmitting the radio signal modulated by the message signal to the tag;

in the tag, demodulating the radio signal modulated by the message signal, thereby recovering the message signal;

in the tag, calculating and removing the cyclic redundant check code from the message signal, thereby recovering the addressed information signal;

in the tag, removing the unique identifier from the addressed information signal, thereby recovering the encrypted information signal; and

in the tag, storing the encrypted information signal.

8. The method of claim 7, further comprising:

in the tag, decrypting the encrypted information signal, thereby forming unencrypted information; and

storing the unencrypted information.

9. The method of claim 7, further comprising:

in the tag, determining whether there are transmission errors based upon the cyclic redundant check coding, and generating a negative acknowledgment signal when there are transmission errors;

in the tag, modulating the reflection of the radio signal using the negative acknowledgment signal, thereby forming a reflected radio signal modulated by the negative acknowledgement signal;

in the interrogator, demodulating the reflected radio signal modulated by the negative acknowledgement signal, thereby recovering the negative acknowledgment signal;

deciding, based on the contents of the negative acknowledgment signal, whether retransmission should occur; and

modulating the radio signal with the message signal, thereby forming the radio signal modulated by the message signal;

transmitting to the tag the radio signal modulated by the message signal.