Fractal antenna ground counterpoise, ground planes, and loading elements
First Claim
1. An antenna system including:
- a driven element, anda fractal counterpoise element having a portion that includes at least a first motif and a first replication of said first motif and a second replication of said first motif such that a point chosen on a geometric figure represented by said first motif will result in a corresponding point on said first replication and on said second replication of said first motif;
wherein there exists at least one non-straight line locus connecting each said point;
wherein a replication of said first motif is a change selected from a group consisting of (a) a rotation and change of scale of said first motif, (b) a linear displacement translation and a change of scale of said first motif, and (c) a rotation and a linear displacement translation and a change of scale of said first motif; and
wherein said fractal counterpoise element has a perimeter compression parameter (PC) defined by;
space="preserve" listing-type="equation">PC=(full-sized antenna element length)/(fractal-reduced antenna element length)in which PC=A·
log(N(D+C)). A and C are constant coefficients for said first motif, N is an iteration number, and D is a fractal dimension given by log(L)/log(r), where L and r are one-dimensional fractal counterpoise element lengths before and after fractalization, respectively.
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Abstract
An antenna system includes a ground counterpoise or a top-hat located load assembly having at least one element whose physical shape is at least partially defined as a first or higher iteration deterministic fractal. The resultant ground counterpoise may rely upon an opening angle for performance, and produces a more compact antenna system relative to prior art non-Euclidean ground counterpoise elements. A vertical antenna system may be fabricated with fractal ground elements and a vertical element that may also be a fractal. Gain characteristics of antenna systems utilizing a fractal ground counterpoise are no worse than prior art, larger, systems, and exhibit improved vertical polarization characteristics, and a termination impedance of about 30Ω. A vertical antenna system preferably includes vertically spaced-apart fractal conductive and passive elements, and one or more fractal ground elements. The resultant antenna system may be tuned by rotating the vertical elements relative to each other, and/or by varying the spaced-apart distance therebetween. Fractalized ground counterpoise elements may be fabricated on a flexible printed circuit substrate, and/or placed within the support mount of a cellular telephone car antenna. A vertical antenna having a fractalized top-hat loading assembly advantageously reduces resonant frequency, size and area of the loading assembly, without substantial penalty in performance.
301 Citations
19 Claims
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1. An antenna system including:
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a driven element, and a fractal counterpoise element having a portion that includes at least a first motif and a first replication of said first motif and a second replication of said first motif such that a point chosen on a geometric figure represented by said first motif will result in a corresponding point on said first replication and on said second replication of said first motif;
wherein there exists at least one non-straight line locus connecting each said point;wherein a replication of said first motif is a change selected from a group consisting of (a) a rotation and change of scale of said first motif, (b) a linear displacement translation and a change of scale of said first motif, and (c) a rotation and a linear displacement translation and a change of scale of said first motif; and wherein said fractal counterpoise element has a perimeter compression parameter (PC) defined by;
space="preserve" listing-type="equation">PC=(full-sized antenna element length)/(fractal-reduced antenna element length)in which PC=A·
log(N(D+C)). A and C are constant coefficients for said first motif, N is an iteration number, and D is a fractal dimension given by log(L)/log(r), where L and r are one-dimensional fractal counterpoise element lengths before and after fractalization, respectively. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)
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10. A fractal antenna coupleable to a transceiver unit, the fractal antenna comprising:
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a driven element, and a ground counterpoise system including at least one fractal counterpoise element having a portion that includes at least a first motif and a first replication of said first motif and a second replication of said first motif such that a point chosen on a geometric figure represented by said first motif will result in a corresponding point on said first replication and on said second replication of said first motif;
wherein there exists at least one non-straight line locus connecting each said point;wherein a replication of said first motif is a change selected from a group consisting of (a) a rotation and change of scale of said first motif, (b) a linear displacement translation and a change of scale of said first motif, and (c) a rotation and a linear displacement translation and a change of scale of said first motif; and wherein said first motif is selected from a group consisting of (i) Koch, (ii) Minkowski, (iii) Cantor, (iv) torn square, (v) Mandelbrot, (vi) Caley tree, (vii) monkey'"'"'s swing, (viii) Sierpinski gasket, and (ix) Julia. - View Dependent Claims (11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17)
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18. A top-hat loaded antenna, comprising:
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a vertical element having an upper end and a lower end; and a top-hat assembly electrically coupled to said upper end of said vertical element; wherein said top-hat assembly includes a top-hat element having a portion that includes a first motif and a first replication of said first motif and a second replication of said first motif such that a point chosen on a geometric figure represented by said first motif will result in a corresponding point on said first replication and on said second replication of said first motif;
wherein there exists at least one non-straight line locus connecting each said point;wherein a replication of said first motif is a change selected from a group consisting of (a) a rotation and change of scale of said first motif, (b) a linear displacement translation and a change of scale of said first motif, and (c) a rotation and a linear displacement translation and a change of scale of said first motif; and wherein said top-hat element has a perimeter compression parameter (PC) defined by;
space="preserve" listing-type="equation">PC=(full-sized antenna element length)/(fractal-reduced antenna element length)in which PC=A·
log(N(D+C)), A and C are constant coefficients for said first motif, N is an iteration number, and D is a fractal dimension given by log(L)/log(r), where L and r are one-dimensional fractal top-hat element lengths before and after fractalization, respectively. - View Dependent Claims (19)
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Specification