System and method for drawing and painting with bitmap brushes

• US 6,201,549 B1
• Filed: 12/30/1998
• Issued: 03/13/2001
• Est. Priority Date: 12/30/1998
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Microsoft Technology Licensing LLC (Microsoft Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Microsoft Corporation
• Inventors: Bronskill, John
• Primary Examiner(s): Brier, Jeffery
• Assistant Examiner(s): Hawan, Thu-Thao
• Application Number:
  US09/224,237
• Time in Patent Office: 804 Days
• Field of Search: 345/441, 345/142, 345/443, 345/442, 345/467, 345/468, 345/469, 345/141, 345/418, 345/439, 345/150, 345/153, 345/126, 345/437, 348/442, 348/441, 318/568.19, 318/568.11, 250/206.2, 250/206.1, 365/238, 707/502, 434/85, 434/88, 723/80
• US Class Current: 345/441
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 11/001 Texturing; Colouring; Generation of texture or colour inpainting G06T5/77

Abstract

A method for drawing a paint stroke with a bitmap brush having pixels located at locations definable in a Cartesian coordinate system. The paint stroke is created by defining a path of a guide line, the path having an arc-length and the guide line having a thickness, and scaling the bitmap brush as a function of the arc-length of the path and the thickness of the guide line. The bitmap brush is then transformed such that the x-axis of the bitmap brush generally aligns with the path and the y-axis of the bitmap brush generally aligns with an instantaneous normal to the path such that the bitmap brush is warped to the guide line.

Claims

1. A method for drawing a paint stroke with a bitmap brush having pixels located at locations definable in a Cartesian coordinate system, the method comprising the steps of:

defining a path of a guide line, the path having an arc-length and the guide line having a thickness;

scaling the bitmap brush as a function of the arc-length of the path and the thickness of the guide line; and

transforming the bitmap brush such that the x-axis of the bitmap brush generally aligns with the path and the y-axis of the bitmap brush generally aligns with an instantaneous normal to the path such that the bitmap brush is warped to the guide line to create the paint stroke.

2. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the step of defining the path comprises the further step of expressing the path in parametric form.

3. The method as recited in claim 2, wherein the step of transforming the bitmap brush comprises the further step of defining in a Cartesian coordinate system a point in the guide line and mapping a pixel selected from the bitmap brush to the point.

4. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the step of transforming the bitmap brush further comprises the step of normalizing the arc-length of the path.

5. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the step of transforming the bitmap brush further comprises the step of normalizing the width of the guide line.

6. The method as recited in claim 3, wherein the step of transforming the bitmap brush further comprises the steps of using a first distance, representative of an arc-length distance from an origin point on the path to a point on the path through which the instantaneous normal that passes through the guide line point passes, and a second distance, representative of a distance along the normal from an origin point on the normal to the guide line point, to look-up a pixel value in the bitmap brush and mapping the looked-up pixel value to the Cartesian coordinate that defines the guide line point.

7. The method as recited in claim 6, wherein the pixel value comprises color channel values and a transparency value.

8. The method as recited in claim 6, wherein the step of mapping further comprises the step of adding to an accumulation buffer corresponding to the Cartesian coordinate of the guide line point the looked-up pixel value and using the average of the sum within the accumulation buffer to create the paint stroke.

9. The method as recited in claim 6, wherein the step of using the first distance and the second distance to look-up a pixel value in the bitmap brush further comprises the steps of finding the pixel residing at the Cartesian coordinate representative of the first distance and the second distance and, if the first distance and the second distance do not yield integral values, using an interpolation technique to arrive at the looked-up pixel value.

10. The method as recited in claim 3, wherein the step of transforming further comprises the steps of deriving one or more first distances, representative of the corresponding arc-length distances from an origin point on the path to those points on the path nearest to the guide line point, and one or more second distances, representative of the corresponding distances along the normals passing through those points on the path nearest to the first point, from an origin point on the corresponding normal to the guide line point, to look-up one or more pixel values in the bitmap brush and mapping the average of the looked-up pixel values to the Cartesian coordinate that defines the guide line point.

11. The method as recited in claim 10, wherein the one or more pixel values each comprise a value corresponding to a color channel and a value corresponding to a transparency value.

12. The method as recited in claim 10, wherein the step of using the one or more first distances and the one or more second distances to look-up one or more pixel values in the bitmap brush further comprises the steps of finding the pixel residing at the Cartesian coordinate representative of the corresponding one or more first and second distances and, if the Cartesian coordinate is not an integral value, using an interpolation technique to arrive at the looked-up value.

13. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the step of scaling the bitmap brush further comprises the step of scaling the x-axis of the bitmap brush such that an integral number of the scaled bitmap brushes substantially map to the arc-length of the path in a tiled fashion.

14. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the step of scaling the bitmap brush further comprises the steps of scaling the x-axis of a portion of the bitmap brush such that an integral number of the scaled bitmap brush portions substantially map to a portion of the arc-length of the path in a tiled fashion.

15. The method as recited in claim 14, wherein the portion of the bitmap brush is a center part of the bitmap brush and the step of scaling further comprises the step of substantially maintaining the proportion of the ends of the bitmap brush with respect to the guide line.

16. The method as recited in claim 1, further comprising the step of extracting the guide line from a piece of clip art.

17. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the step of defining a path further comprises the step of defining a single path over a plurality of non-continuous guide line segments.

18. The method as recited in claim 17, wherein the step of defining a path further comprises the step of joining the non-continuous guide line segments.

19. A method for drawing a paint stroke with a bitmap brush having pixels located at locations definable in a Cartesian coordinate system, the method comprising the steps of:

defining in parametric form a path of a guide line, the path having an arc-length and the guide line having a thickness;

scaling the bitmap brush as a function of the arc-length of the path and the thickness of the guideline;

calculating, for a plurality of path points along the path, an instantaneous normal to the path at the corresponding one of the plurality of points; and

, for each instantaneous normal calculated, performing the further steps of;

determining, for a plurality of normal points along the instantaneous normal lying within the guide line, their locations in Cartesian coordinates; and

, for each of the normal points, performing the further steps of;

using a first distance representative of an arc-length distance from an origin point on the path to a point on the path through which the instantaneous normal passes and a second distance, representative of a distance along the instantaneous normal from an origin point on the instantaneous normal to the normal point, to look-up a pixel value and mapping to the Cartesian coordinate defined by the normal point the looked-up pixel value such that the bitmap brush is warped to the guide line to create the paint stroke.

20. The method as recited in claim 19, wherein the step of mapping comprises the further step of adding the looked-up pixel value to an accumulation buffer and mapping the average of the accumulation buffer to the Cartesian coordinate defined by the normal point.

21. The method as recited in claim 19, wherein the step of using a first distance further comprises the step of normalizing the arc-length of the path and normalizing the thickness of the guide line, the step of normalizing the thickness of the guide line comprises the further steps of determining the locations in Cartesian coordinates of a first point residing on the instantaneous normal a distance of half the thickness from the path in a first direction along the instantaneous normal and of a second point residing on the instantaneous normal a distance of half the thickness from the path in a second direction opposite the first direction and normalizing the distance between the first point and the second point.

22. The method as recited in claim 19, wherein the step of determining, for a plurality of normal points along the instantaneous normal lying within the guide line, their locations in Cartesian coordinates further comprises the step of excluding those normal points lying beyond the center of curvature.

23. The method as recited in claim 19, wherein the path points are selected at predetermined sample intervals along the path.

24. The method as recited in claim 23, wherein the predetermined sample interval is controlled as a function of the radius of curvature of the path.

25. A method for drawing a paint stroke with a bitmap brush having pixels located at locations definable in a Cartesian coordinate system, the method comprising the steps of:

defining in parametric form a path of a guide line, the path having an arc-length and the guide line having a thickness;

scaling the bitmap brush as a function of the arc-length of the path and the thickness of the guide line;

defining in a Cartesian coordinate system the guide line points that comprise the guide line; and

, for each guide line point defined, performing the further steps of;

determining those path points residing on the path that are closest to the guide line point;

for each path point determined, performing the further steps of;

calculating an arc-length distance from an origin point on the path to the path point;

calculating a normal distance from the guide line point to the path point; and

using the arc-length distance and the normal distance to look-up a pixel value from the bitmap brush;

calculating the average of all looked-up pixel values; and

mapping the averaged pixel value to the Cartesian coordinate of the point to create the paint stroke.

26. The method as recited in claim 25, further comprising the step of excluding those guide line points whose location is beyond the center of curvature of the path from the step of defining in a Cartesian coordinate system the guide line points that comprise the guide line.

27. A computer-readable medium having computer-executable instruction for drawing a paint stroke with a bitmap brush having pixels located at locations definable in a Cartesian coordinate system, the computer-executable instructions performing the steps of:

defining a path of a guide line, the path having an arc-length and the guide line having a thickness;

scaling the bitmap brush as a function of the arc-length of the path and the thickness of the guide line; and

transforming the bitmap brush such that the x-axis of the bitmap brush generally aligns with the path and the y-axis of the bitmap brush generally aligns with an instantaneous normal to the path such that the bitmap brush is warped to the guide line to create the paint stroke.

28. The computer-readable medium as recited in claim 27, wherein the step of defining the path comprises the further step of expressing the path in parametric form.

29. The computer-readable medium as recited in claim 28, wherein the step of transforming the bitmap brush comprises the further step of defining in a Cartesian coordinate system a point in the guide line and mapping a pixel selected from the bitmap brush to the point.

30. The computer-readable medium as recited in claim 29, wherein the step of transforming the bitmap brush further comprises the steps of using a first distance, representative of an arc-length distance from an origin point on the path to a point on the path through which the instantaneous normal that passes through the guide line point passes, and a second distance, representative of a distance along the normal from an origin point on the normal to the guide line point, to look-up a pixel value in the bitmap brush and mapping the looked-up pixel value to the Cartesian coordinate that defines the guide line point.

31. The computer-readable medium as recited in claim 30, wherein the step of mapping further comprises the step of adding to an accumulation buffer corresponding to the Cartesian coordinate of the guide line point the looked-up pixel value and using the average of the sum within the accumulation buffer to create the paint stroke.

32. The computer-readable medium as recited in claim 30, wherein the step of using the first distance and the second distance to look-up a pixel value in the bitmap brush further comprises the steps of finding the pixel residing at the Cartesian coordinate representative of the first distance and the second distance and, if the first distance and the second distance do not yield integral values, using an interpolation technique to arrive at the looked-up pixel value.

33. The computer-readable medium as recited in claim 29, wherein the step of transforming further comprises the steps of deriving one or more first distances, representative of the corresponding arc-length distances from an origin point on the path to those points on the path nearest to the guide line point, and one or more second distances, representative of the corresponding distances along the normals passing through those points on the path nearest to the first point, from an origin point on the corresponding normal to the guide line point, to look-up one or more pixel values in the bitmap brush and mapping the average of the looked-up pixel values to the Cartesian coordinate that defines the guide line point.

34. The computer-readable medium as recited in claim 33, wherein the step of using the one or more first distances and the one or more second distances to look-up one or more pixel values in the bitmap brush further comprises the steps of finding the pixel residing at the Cartesian coordinate representative of the corresponding one or more first and second distances and, if the Cartesian coordinate is not an integral value, using an interpolation technique to arrive at the looked-up value.

35. The computer-readable medium as recited in claim 27, wherein the step of scaling the bitmap brush further comprises the step of scaling the x-axis of the bitmap brush such that an integral number of the scaled bitmap brushes substantially map to the arc-length of the path in a tiled fashion.

36. The computer-readable medium as recited in claim 27, wherein the step of scaling the bitmap brush further comprises the step of scaling the x-axis of a portion of the bitmap brush such that an integral number of the scaled bitmap brush portions substantially map to a portion of the arc-length of the path in a tiled fashion, wherein the portion of the bitmap brush is a center part of the bitmap brush, and the step of substantially maintaining the proportion of the ends of the bitmap brush with respect to the guide line.