Continuous sound by concatenating selected digital sound segments

• US 6,230,140 B1
• Filed: 06/11/1998
• Issued: 05/08/2001
• Est. Priority Date: 09/26/1990
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: SF IP Properties 12 LLC (Intellectual Ventures LLC)
• Original Assignee: Frederick E Severson, Patrick A Quinn
• Inventors: Severson, Frederick E., Quinn, Patrick A.
• Primary Examiner(s): Hudspeth, David
• Assistant Examiner(s): Lerner, Martin
• Application Number:
  US09/096,117
• Time in Patent Office: 1,062 Days
• Field of Search: 704/258, 704/270, 704/278, 84/604, 84/618, 84/626, 84/653, 84/662, 84/616
• US Class Current: 704/278
• CPC Class Codes: A63H 19/14 Arrangements for imitating locomotive features, e.g. whistling, signalling, puffing
• CPC Class Codes: A63H 5/00 Musical or noise- producing devices for additional toy effects other than acoustical musical tops A63H1/28; sound-producing dolls A63H3/28; musical toy vehicles A63H17/268; acoustical vehicle-signalling devices A63H17/32; whistling toy locomotive arrangements A63H19/14; music, sound or noise production in general G10
• CPC Class Codes: G10H 1/26 for automatically producing a series of tones
• CPC Class Codes: G10H 2210/115 using a random process to generate a musical note, phrase, sequence or structure using a random process to build a rhythm pattern G10H2210/356; random rhythm pattern selection G10H2210/366
• CPC Class Codes: G10H 2220/351 Environmental parameters, e.g. temperature, ambient light, atmospheric pressure, humidity, used as input for musical purposes
• CPC Class Codes: G10H 2250/211 Random number generators, pseudorandom generators, classes of functions therefor musical processes using white noise or nonwhite noise generators G10H2250/295; noise formant generator G10H2250/495; magnetic or electromagnetic noise shielding G10H2220/565
• CPC Class Codes: G10H 2250/331 Ducks
• CPC Class Codes: G10H 2250/345 Cattle, e.g. cows
• CPC Class Codes: G10H 2250/351 Dogs
• CPC Class Codes: G10H 2250/355 Elk or other animals in the Cervidae family, e.g. moose, wapiti, reindeer
• CPC Class Codes: G10H 2250/361 Insects, e.g. cricket
• CPC Class Codes: G10H 2250/365 Gensound applause, e.g. handclapping; Cheering; Booing crowd sounds G10H2250/401
• CPC Class Codes: G10H 2250/381 Road, i.e. sounds which are part of a road, street or urban traffic soundscape, e.g. automobiles, bikes, trucks, traffic, vehicle horns, collisions
• CPC Class Codes: G10H 2250/401 Crowds, e.g. restaurant, waiting hall, demonstration, subway corridor at rush hour applause, cheering, booing G10H2250/365
• CPC Class Codes: G10H 2250/405 Fire, e.g. cracks and pops of burning wood
• CPC Class Codes: G10H 2250/411 Water, e.g. seashore, waves, brook, waterfall, dripping faucet
• CPC Class Codes: G10H 2250/425 Thunder
• CPC Class Codes: G10H 2250/431 Natural aerodynamic noises, e.g. wind gust sounds, rustling leaves, beating sails gensound wind instruments G10H2250/461; spint wind instruments G10H2230/155

Abstract

Non-looped continuous sound made up of random sequencing of digital sound segments is generated by taking several short segments of an otherwise continuous sound and forming independent records of those short segments. The stored segments are re-assembled into a sound sequence of arbitrary length based on selecting the next sound segment according to some statistical algorithm. The selected algorithm may be simply a random or pseudo-random selection, or it may provide a probability weighting to emphasize some sound records over others, or some combination of factors also affected by external stimuli such as light, heat or operator input. Apparatus for generating random sequenced digital sound are disclosed. Another aspect of the invention is logical sequence sound in which the selection of sound segments proceeds according to a logical sequence which is programmable.

Claims

1. A method of generating random sequenced sound comprising:

providing a group of recorded sound segments;

for each sound segment, assigning a corresponding weighted probability of being played;

randomly selecting one of the sound segments according to the weighted probabilities;

playing the selected sound segment; and

continuously repeating said selecting and playing steps, thereby generating non-looped continuous sound for as long as may be desired.

2. A method according to claim 1 wherein the weighted probabilities are substantially equal so that each of the sound segments in the group is equally likely to be selected and played at any time.

3. A method according to claim 1 wherein the weighted probabilities are selected so as to define a probability density function having an approximately Gaussian distribution, whereby a predetermined subset of the group are more likely to be selected and played than the other sound segments.

4. A method according to claim 1 wherein the weighted probabilities are selected so as to define a pseudo-random distribution so that each of the sound segments is approximately equally likely to be selected and played at any time.

5. A method according to claim 1 further comprising:

providing a pseudo-random number generator for selecting among the sound segments according to the weighted probabilities;

preparatory to first generating random sequenced sound, seeding the pseudo-random number generator with a first seed value;

storing the first seed value;

completing said first sound generating step; and

preparatory to a next sound generating step, seeding the pseudo-random number generator with a second seed value not equal to the first seed value so that a sequence of selected sound segments following the said next sound generating step will differ from the sequence that followed the first sound generating step.

6. A method according to claim 1 further comprising:

providing a random or pseudo-random sequence of numbers for selecting among the sound segments according to the weighted probabilities;

upon completion of generating a sound, storing an indication of the last location in the said sequence that was used for selecting a sound segment; and

upon restarting continuous sound generation, resuming the pseudo-random sequence at the indicated last location thereby eventually using the entire length of the pseudo-random sequence in selecting sound segments.

7. A method according to claim 1 further comprising sizing each of the sound segments so as to have the same predetermined duration.

8. A method according to claim 1 further comprising:

identifying ringers among the sound segments; and

minimizing the identified ringers thereby reducing a likelihood of a listener recognizing the ringers in the random sequenced sound.

9. A method according to claim 1 wherein said providing the sound segments includes forming each sound segment so as to include a beginning and an ending every segment ending in the group being compatible with every segment beginning in the group so that the sound segments are compatible, thereby avoiding noticeable seams when the segments are played in the random sequenced sound.

10. A method according to claim 9 wherein said forming step includes matching frequency and volume levels at the beginnings and endings of the sound segments.

11. A method according to claim 9 wherein said forming step includes locating sound segment beginnings and endings adjacent high-slope zero crossings.

12. A random sequenced sound apparatus comprising:

means for generating a random or pseudo-random address;

means coupled to the address generating means for latching a current address;

memory means for storing a sound segment; and

sound generator means coupled to the memory means for playing a sound segment stored in the memory means at the current address.

13. A random sequenced sound apparatus according to claim 12 wherein the address generating means includes a clock and a counter coupled to the clock so as to provide a series of address bits by dividing down a timing signal provided by the clock.

14. A random sequenced sound apparatus according to claim 12 wherein:

the memory means includes means for storing both sound segments and programming;

the address generating means includes a microprocessor arranged for selecting one of the stored sound segments responsive to programming stored in the memory; and

the sound generator means is coupled to the microprocessor to receive an address corresponding to the selected sound segment as the current address;

whereby the apparatus generates non-looped continuous sound comprising a logical sequence of the stored sound segments determined according to said programming.

15. A random sequenced sound apparatus according to claim 14 further comprising an interface block coupled to the microprocessor for receiving external stimuli for affecting selection of the sound segments, whereby the generated sound is responsive to the external stimuli.

16. A method of generating logical sequenced sound comprising the steps of:

providing a plurality of groups of pre-recorded sound records, each group comprising a plurality of associated individual sound records and the groups having a logical relationship to one another;

selecting an initial one of the groups;

selecting one of the individual sound records from among the initial group, based on a first predetermined probability density function, and designating this selected sound record as a first selected sound record;

responsive to the selection of the first selected sound record, selecting a second one of the groups of pre-recorded sound records; and

selecting one of the individual sound records from among the selected second group, based on a second predetermined probability density function, and designating this selected sound record as a second selected sound record, so that the first and second selected sound records follow an unpredictable but logical sequence.

17. A method according to claim 16 wherein the first and second probability density functions are substantially the same.

18. A method according to claim 16 wherein at least one of the first and second probability density functions comprises a constant, so that the corresponding selection is made substantially at random.

19. A method according to claim 16 wherein at least one of the first and second probability density functions comprises a pseudo-random function.

20. A method according to claim 16 wherein the logical relationship among the groups is such that sound records from one group can be logically superimposed on sound records from another one of the groups, and further comprising overdubbing the second selected sound record on top of the first selected sound record thereby forming an overdubbed sound segment.

21. A method according to claim 16 and further comprising recording the first selected sound record and then recording the second selected sound record substantially immediately following the first selected sound record, into a selected recording medium, thereby forming a recording of logically sequenced sound.

22. A method according to claim 16 wherein said selecting a second one of the groups of pre-recorded sound records does not preclude selecting the initial group a second time.

23. A method according to claim 16 and further comprising playing the first selected sound record and then playing the second selected sound record substantially immediately following the first selected sound record, thereby playing logically sequenced sound.

24. A method according to claim 23 and further comprising modifying a parameter of said playing steps in response to one or more external events.

25. A method according to claim 24 wherein an external event comprises one of the passage of time, a change in ambient light, heat, and an operator input.

26. A method according to claim 25 wherein the operator input is one of a button press, a speech command, and a human-generated sound.

27. A method of generating logical sequenced sound comprising the steps of:

providing a plurality of groups of pre-recorded sound records, each group comprising a plurality of associated individual sound records and the groups having a logical relationship to one another;

selecting an initial one of the groups;

selecting one of the individual sound records from among the initial group, based on a first predetermined probability density function, and designating this selected sound record as a first selected sound record;

selecting a second predetermined probability density function in response to the selection of the first selected sound record;

selecting a second group from among the groups of pre-recorded sound records according to the second probability density function; and

then

selecting one of the individual sound records from among the selected second group, and designating this selected sound record as a second selected sound record, so that the first and second selected sound records follow an unpredictable but logical sequence.

28. A method according to claim 27 wherein said step of selecting an initial one of the groups is responsive to one or more external events.

29. A method according to claim 28 wherein an external event comprises one of the passage of time, a change in ambient light, heat, and an operator input.

30. A method according to claim 29 wherein the operator input is one of a button press, a speech command, and a human-generated sound.

31. A method of generating logical sequence sound comprising the steps of:

providing several groups of pre-recorded, fixed sound segments, each group being appropriate for a corresponding segment of an animated display or model;

providing several variations within each group, each variation being appropriate for the group but different in its specific presentation;

selecting an initial one of the groups of pre-recorded sounds as an active group;

as a logical sequence scenario unfolds, selecting one or more variations to play when it'"'"'s corresponding group is active;

continuing to play selected variations corresponding to whichever group is currently active; and

continuing to select additional ones of the groups as the active group, one after another, according to a predetermined pattern defining a logical sequence.

32. A method according to claim 31 wherein the selection of a next variation is influenced by which variation is playing or has played.

33. A method according to claim 32 wherein said influencing step is implemented by adjusting a corresponding probability function.

34. A method according to claim 31 wherein the selection of a next active group is influenced by which variation of the currently active group of records is playing or has played.

35. A method according to claim 31 wherein the selection of a next active group is influenced by which active group is currently active.