Non-planar interior electrochromic rearview mirror for a vehicle

• US 6,246,507 B1
• Filed: 12/07/1999
• Issued: 06/12/2001
• Est. Priority Date: 04/02/1992
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Gentex Corporation
• Original Assignee: Gentex Corporation
• Inventors: Tonar, William L., Bauer, Frederick T., Ash, Kevin L., Roberts, Kathy E., Bonardi, Timothy A.
• Primary Examiner(s): Epps, Georgia
• Assistant Examiner(s): MAGEE, JOHN J
• Application Number:
  US09/454,551
• Time in Patent Office: 553 Days
• Field of Search: 359/265-275, 359/839
• US Class Current: 359/267
• CPC Class Codes: B60R 1/088 using a cell of electrically changeable optical characteristic, e.g. liquid-crystal or electrochromic mirrors
• CPC Class Codes: C09K 9/02 Organic tenebrescent materials

Abstract

An inside non-planar electrochromic mirror includes front and rear non-planar elements, a layer of transparent conductive material, a reflector and a perimeter sealing member which bonds the front and rear non-planar elements in a spaced apart relationship. The front and rear non-planar elements each include front and rear surfaces. A layer of transparent conductive material is disposed on the rear surface of the front non-planar element. The reflector can be disposed on either side of the rear non-planar element. When the reflector is on the rear surface of the rear non-planar element then the front surface of the rear non-planar element contains a layer of transparent conductive material. When the reflector is on the front surface of the rear element it must be constructed of conductive material. The perimeter sealing member bonds the front and rear non-planar elements and defines a chamber therebetween. The chamber contains at least one electrochromic material. The reflector is effective to reflect light through the chamber and the front non-planar element when light reaches the reflector after passing through the front non-planar element and the chamber.

Claims

1. A variable reflectance inside non-planar electrochromic mirror for motor vehicles, the inside non-planar electrochromic mirror adapted to be installed on the inside of a motor vehicle, comprising:

front and rear non-planar elements, each having front and rear surfaces;

a layer of transparent conductive material disposed on said rear surface of said front non-planar element;

a reflector disposed on one side of said rear non-planar element provided that, if said reflector is on said rear surface of said rear non-planar element, then said front surface of said rear non-planar element carries a layer of a transparent conductive material; and

a perimeter sealing member bonding together said front and rear non-planar elements in a spaced-apart relationship to define a chamber therebetween of uniform thickness, where said chamber contains at least one electrochromic material, and where said reflector is effective to reflect light through said chamber and said front non-planar element when said light reaches said reflector after passing through said front non-planar element and said chamber.

2. The inside non-planar electrochromic mirror of claim 1, where said chamber further contains a free-standing gel comprising a solvent and a crosslinked polymer matrix, and where said polymer matrix cooperatively interacts with said front and rear non-planar elements.

3. The inside non-planar electrochromic mirror of claim 2, where said at least one electrochromic material is in solution with said solvent and, as part of said solution, interspersed in said crosslinked polymer matrix.

4. The inside non-planar electrochromic mirror of claim 1, where said front and rear non-planar elements each have a thickness ranging from about 0.5 mm to about 1.5 mm.

5. The inside non-planar electrochrornic mirror of claim 1, where said front and rear non-planar elements each have a thickness ranging from about 0.8 mm to about 1.2 mm.

6. The inside non-planar electrochromic mirror of claim 1, where said front and rear non-planar elements each have a thickness of about 1.0 mm.

7. The inside non-planar electrochromic mirror of claim 2, where said polymer matrix results from crosslinking polymer chains and where said polymer chains are formed by polymerizing at least one monomer selected from the group consisting of:

methyl methacrylate;

methyl acrylate;

2-isocyanatoethyl methacrylate;

2-isocyanatoethyl acrylate;

2-5 hydroxyethyl methacrylate;

2-hydroxyethyl acrylate;

3-hydroxypropyl methacrylate;

vinyl ether n-butyl methyl methacrylate;

tetraethylene glycol vinyl ether;

glycidyl methacrylate;

4-vinylphenol;

acetoacetoxyethyl methacrylate and acetoacetoxyethyl acrylate.

8. The inside non-planar electrochromic mirror according to claim 7, where said polymer chains are crosslinked by reaction with a compound having a functional group selected from the group consisting of aromatic and aliphatic hydroxyl;

aromatic and aliphatic cyanato;

aromatic and aliphatic isocyanato;

aliphatic and aromatic isothiocyanato, with a functionality of at least 2.

9. The inside non-planar electrochromic mirror according to claim 7, where said polymer chains result from the polymerization of at least two distinct monomers.

10. The inside non-planar electrochromic mirror according to claim 9, where said at least two distinct monomers are selected from the group consisting of:

methyl methacrylate;

methyl acrylate;

2-isocyanatoethyl methacrylate;

2-isocyanatoethyl acrylate;

2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate;

2-hydroxyethyl acrylate;

3-hydroxypropyl methacrylate;

vinyl ether n-butyl methyl methacrylate;

tetraethylene glycol divinyl ether;

glycidyl methacrylate;

4-vinylphenol;

acetoacetoxyethyl methacrylate and acetoacetoxyethyl acrylate.

11. The inside non-planar electrochromic mirror according to claim 9, where said at least two distinct monomers are selected from the group consisting of:

methyl methacrylate;

2-isocyanatoethyl methacrylate;

2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate; and

glycidyl methacrylate.

12. The inside non-planar electrochromic mirror according to claim 9, where said at least two distinct monomers comprise 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate and methyl methacrylate.

13. The inside non-planar electrochromic mirror according to claim 12, where the ratio of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate to methyl methacrylate is about 1:

10.

14. The inside non-planar electrochromic mirror according to claim 12, where said polymer chains formed from at least 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate and methyl methacrylate are crosslinked by a compound having more than one functional group that will react with an active hydrogen.

15. The inside non-planar electrochromic mirror according to claim 9, where said at least two distinct monomers comprise 2-isocyanatoethyl methacrylate and methyl methacrylate.

16. The inside non-planar electrochromic mirror according to claim 15, where the ratio of 2-isocyanatoethyl methacrylate to methyl methacrylate ranges from about 1:

3 to about 1;

50.

17. The inside non-planar electrochromic mirror according to claim 16, where the ratio of 2-isocyanatoethyl methacrylate to methyl methacrylate is about 1:

20.

18. The inside non-planar electrochromic mirror according to claim 16, where said polymer chains formed from at least 2-isocyanatoethyl methacrylate and methyl methacrylate are crosslinked by a compound having a functional group containing more than one active hydrogen.

19. The inside non-planar electrochromic mirror according to claim 7, where said polymer matrix is formed from at least two distinct polymer chains, each of said at least two distinct polymer chains comprise at least one monomer selected from the group consisting of methyl methacrylate and methyl acrylate polymerized with at least one monomer selected from the group consisting of:

2-isocyanatoethyl methacrylate;

2-isocyanatoethyl acrylate;

2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate;

2-hydroxyethyl acrylate;

3-hydroxypropyl methacrylate;

glycidyl methacrylate;

4-vinylphenol;

acetoacetoxyethyl methacrylate;

vinyl ether n-butyl methyl methacrylate and acetoacetoxyethyl acrylate, where said at least two distinct polymer chains may be the same or different.

20. The inside non-planar electrochromic mirror according to claim 19, where a first of said at least two distinct polymer chains comprises a copolymer of isocyanatoethyl methacrylate and methyl methacrylate and where a second of said at least two distinct polymer chains comprises a copolymer of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate and methyl methacrylate.

21. The inside non-planar electrochromic mirror according to claim 20, where the ratio of isocyanatoethyl methacrylate and methyl methacrylate ranges from about 1:

3 to about 1;

50 and where the ratio of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate and methyl methacrylate ranges from about 1;

3 to about 1;

50.

22. The inside non-planar electrochromic mirror according to claim 2, where said cooperative interaction between said free-standing gel and said front and rear non-planar elements makes said mirror resistant to bending and breaking.

23. The inside non-planar electrochromic mirror according to claim 2, further comprising polymeric beads disposed within said chamber.

24. The inside non-planar electrochromic mirror according to claim 23, where said beads comprise a material that will dissolve within an electrochromic device at ambient or near-ambient temperatures within about 24 hours.

25. The inside non-planar electrochromic mirror according to claim 24, where said beads comprise a copolymer selected from the group consisting of:

MMA/methacrylic acid, MMA/ethylacrylate, MMA/n-butylacrylate, and poly(propylene carbonate).

26. The inside non-planar electrochromic mirror according to claim 24, where said beads do not impart any refractive imperfections to said mirror.

27. The inside non-planar electrochromic mirror according to claim 1, where said layer of transparent conductive material disposed on said rear surface of said front non-planar element is a multi-layer stack having a first layer with a high refractive index, a second layer with a low refractive index and a third layer with a high refractive index.

28. The inside non-planar electrochromic mirror according to claim 27, where said fi rst layer comprises ITO and has a thickness between about 200 angstroms and about 400 angstroms, said second layer comprises SiO2 and has a thickness of between about 200 angstroms and about 400 angstroms, and said third layer comprises ITO and has a thickness of about 1500 angstroms.

29. A variable reflectance inside non-planar electrochromic mirror for motor vehicles, the inside non-planar electrochromic mirror adapted to be installed on the inside of a motor vehicle, comprising:

front and rear non-planar elements, each having front and rear surfaces;

a layer of transparent conductive material disposed on said rear surface of said front non-planar element;

a reflector disposed on said front side of said rear non-planar element; and

a perimeter sealing member bonding together said front and rear non-planar elements in a spaced-apart relationship to defme a chamber therebetween of uniform thickness, where said chamber contains at least one electrochromic material, and where said reflector is effective to reflect light through said chamber and said front non-planar element when said light reaches said reflector after passing through said front non-planar element and said chamber.

30. The inside non-planar electrochromic mirror of claim 29, wherein said non-planar electrochromic mirror includes a substantially flat middle portion separating two non-planar end portions.

31. The inside non-planar electrochromic mirror of claim 29, where said non-planar electrochromic mirror includes a substantially flat portion and a non-planar end portion.

32. The inside non-planar electrochromic mirror of claim 29, where said chamber further contains a free-standing gel comprising a solvent and a crosslinked polymer matrix, and where said polymer matrix cooperatively interacts with said front and rear non-planar elements.

33. The inside non-planar electrochromic mirror of claim 29, where said front and rear non-planar elements have a thickness ranging from about 0.5 mm to about 1.5 mm.