Modulated spread spectrum in RF identification systems method

• US 6,266,362 B1
• Filed: 08/11/1999
• Issued: 07/24/2001
• Est. Priority Date: 03/17/1993
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Round Rock Research LLC
• Original Assignee: Micron Technology, Inc.
• Inventors: Hoyt, Eugene P., Springett, James C., Tuttle, John R.
• Primary Examiner(s): VO, DON NGUYEN
• Application Number:
  US09/372,642
• Time in Patent Office: 713 Days
• Field of Search: 375/141, 375/145, 375/147, 375/149, 375/150, 375/152, 375/354, 375/367
• US Class Current: 375/141
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 19/0723 the record carrier comprising an arrangement for non-contact communication, e.g. wireless communication circuits on transponder cards, non-contact smart cards or RFIDs
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 7/0008 General problems related to the reading of electronic memory record carriers, independent of its reading method, e.g. power transfer
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 1/707 using direct sequence modulation

Abstract

A method for RF communication between transceivers in a radio frequency identification system that improves range, decreases multipath errors and reduces the effect of outside RF source interference by employing spread spectrum techniques. By pulse amplitude modulating a spread spectrum carrier before transmission, the receiver can be designed for simple AM detection, suppressing the spread spectrum carrier and recovering the original data pulse code waveform. The data pulse code waveform has been further encrypted by a direct sequence pseudo-random pulse code. This additional conditioning prevents the original carrier frequency components from appearing in the broadcast power spectra and provides the basis for the clock and transmit carrier of the transceiver aboard an RFID tag. Other advantages include high resolution ranging, hiding transmissions from eavesdroppers, and selective addressing.

Claims

1. A method for extracting a data signal from a pulse coded signal comprising:

receiving a pulse coded signal;

producing a synthesized pseudo noise signal from a portion of the received pulse coded signal;

synchronizing the synthesized pseudo noise signal with the received pulse coded signal; and

producing a synthesized data signal in response to the synthesized pseudo noise signal and the received pulse coded signal, wherein the producing the synthesized data signal comprises;

gating the received pulse coded signal with the synthesized pseudo noise signal;

gating the received pulse coded signal with a logical compliment of the synthesized pseudo noise signal; and

producing the synthesized data signal in response to outputs from the gating of the received pulse coded signal.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the receiving the pulse coded signal comprises receiving a spread spectrum modulated signal.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the receiving the pulse coded signal comprises processing the pulse coded signal by amplifying and filtering the pulse coded signal.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the filtering the pulse coded signal comprises bandpass filtering and low pass filtering.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the producing the synthesized pseudo noise signal comprises:

producing a clock signal in response to the received pulse coded signal; and

generating the synthesized pseudo noise signal in response to the received pulse coded signal and the clock signal.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein the producing the clock signal comprises:

differentiating the received pulse coded signal to produce a differentiated signal;

rectifying the differentiated signal to produce a rectified signal; and

producing a synchronized pulse for a multitude of chips of the received pulse coded signal in response to the rectified signal.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the synchronizing the synthesized pseudo noise signal with the received pulse coded signal comprises:

gating the received pulse coded signal with the synthesized pseudo noise signal to produce a gate output;

analyzing the gate output; and

determining a starting point for the synthesized pseudo noise signal.

8. The method of claim 7 further comprising:

storing the starting point for the synthesized pseudo noise signal as a first determined starting point;

repeating the gating, analyzing and determining to obtain a second determined starting point; and

comparing the first determined starting point to the second determined starting point.

9. The method of claim 7, wherein the determining the starting point for the synthesized pseudo noise signal comprises:

testing a multitude of possible starting points;

recording a results from each of a multitude of tests; and

selecting a starting point corresponding to a test result.

10. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

filtering outputs from each of the gating of the received pulse coded signal; and

comparing outputs from each of the filtering of the outputs to produce the synthesized data signal.

11. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

temporarily storing a component of the synthesized data signal; and

sequentially transferring a plurality of temporarily stored components of the synthesized data signal to data management logic and memory.

12. A method for creating a synchronized transmission carrier frequency from a received communication signal comprising:

receiving a pulse coded signal;

producing a clock signal from a portion of the received pulse coded signal; and

generating a pseudo noise carrier frequency in response to the clock signal, wherein the producing the clock signal comprises;

differentiating the received pulse coded signal to produce a differentiated signal;

rectifying the differentiated signal to produce a rectified signal; and

producing a synchronized pulse for a multitude of chips of the received pulse coded signal in response to the rectified signal.

13. The method of claim 12, further comprising:

multiplying the pseudo noise carrier frequency by a return data packet waveform to produce a synchronized transmission signal; and

transmitting the synchronized transmission signal.

14. The method of claim 12, wherein the receiving the pulse coded signal comprises receiving a spread spectrum modulated signal.

15. A method for communicating pulse coded information between low power transceivers, the method comprising:

spectrally spreading a carrier by modulating the carrier with a first direct sequence pseudo-random pulse code waveform, thereby producing a spectrally spread carrier;

modulating a data pulse code waveform including information to be transmitted with a second direct sequence pseudo-random pulse code waveform, thereby producing a modulated data pulse code waveform; and

modulating the spectrally spread carrier with the modulated data pulse code waveform to form a modulated spectrally spread signal.

16. The method of claim 15, further comprising:

transmitting the modulated spectrally spread signal from a transmitter;

receiving the modulated spectrally spread signal at a receiver;

producing a synthesized pseudo noise signal corresponding to a direct sequence pseudo-random pulse code component of the modulated spectrally spread signal;

synchronizing the synthesized pseudo noise signal with the modulated spectrally spread signal; and

producing a synthesized data signal in response to the synthesized pseudo noise signal and the modulated spectrally spread signal.

17. The method of claim 16, wherein the producing the synthesized pseudo noise signal comprises:

producing a clock signal in response to the modulated spectrally spread signal; and

generating the synthesized pseudo noise signal in response to the modulated spectrally spread signal and the clock signal.

18. The method of claim 17, wherein the producing the clock signal comprises:

differentiating the received pulse coded signal to produce a differentiated signal;

rectifying the differentiated signal to produce a rectified signal; and

producing a synchronized pulse for a multitude of chips of the received pulse coded signal in response to the rectified signal.

19. The method of claim 16, wherein the synchronizing the synthesized pseudo noise signal with the modulated spectrally spread signal comprises:

gating the modulated spectrally spread signal with the synthesized pseudo noise signal to produce a gate output;

analyzing the gate output; and

determining a starting point for the synthesized pseudo noise signal.

20. The method of claim 16, wherein the producing the synthesized data signal comprises:

gating the received pulse coded signal with the synthesized pseudo noise signal;

gating the received pulse coded signal with a logical compliment of the synthesized pseudo noise signal; and

filtering outputs from each of the gating of the received pulse coded signal; and

comparing outputs from each of the filtering of the outputs to produce the synthesized data signal.

21. The method of claim 16, further comprising:

temporarily storing a component of the synthesized data signal; and

sequentially transferring a plurality of temporarily stored components of the synthesized data signal to data management logic and memory.

22. The method of claim 18, further comprising:

generating a pseudo noise carrier frequency in response to the clock signal;

multiplying the pseudo noise carrier frequency by a return data packet waveform to produce a synchronized transmission signal; and

transmitting the synchronized transmission signal.