Hybrid vehicle and method of controlling the travel of the vehicle

• US 6,295,487 B1
• Filed: 03/14/2000
• Issued: 09/25/2001
• Est. Priority Date: 07/21/1998
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Tokyo R & D Co., Ltd.
• Original Assignee: Tokyo R & D Co., Ltd.
• Inventors: Watanabe, Osamu, Morimoto, Jun, Ono, Masao, Yoshikawa, Hiroko, Kurita, Akifumi, Ohnuma, Nobuhito
• Primary Examiner(s): Cuchlinski, Jr., William A.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Beaulieu, Yonel
• Application Number:
  US09/508,580
• Time in Patent Office: 560 Days
• Field of Search: 701/22, 701/52, 701/67, 701/71, 701/72, 701/73, 701/74, 701/82, 701/90, 180/165, 180/65.1, 180/65.2, 180/65.3, 180/65.7, 303/20
• US Class Current: 701/22
• CPC Class Codes: B60K 2006/541 without reverse ratio using instead electric reversing
• CPC Class Codes: B60K 23/0808 for varying torque distribution between driven axles, e.g. by transfer clutch
• CPC Class Codes: B60K 28/165 acting on elements of the vehicle drive train other than the propulsion unit and brakes, e.g. transmission, clutch, differential acting on brakes B60T8/17
• CPC Class Codes: B60K 6/44 Series-parallel type
• CPC Class Codes: B60K 6/52 Driving a plurality of drive axles, e.g. four-wheel drive
• CPC Class Codes: B60K 7/0007 the motor being electric
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 15/20 for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 15/2036 Electric differentials, e.g. for supporting steering vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/18 lateral
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/22 Yaw angle
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/525 Temperature of converter or components thereof
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2260/28 Four wheel or all wheel drive
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 3/102 of individual wheels
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 50/16 with provision for separate direct mechanical propulsion
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 50/61 by batteries charged by engine-driven generators, e.g. series hybrid electric vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 7/10 Dynamic electric regenerative braking B60L7/22 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 7/18 Controlling the braking effect B60L7/12, B60L7/14, B60L7/16 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 7/26 Controlling the braking effect
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 10/02 including control of driveline clutches
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 10/06 including control of combustion engines
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 10/08 : including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 10/10 : including control of change-speed gearings
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 20/00 : Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles hybrid vehicle design, B60K6/00; electric vehicles B60L
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 20/13 : in order to stay within battery power input or output limits; in order to prevent overcharging or battery depletion
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2510/0208 : Clutch engagement state, e.g. engaged or disengaged
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2520/125 : Lateral acceleration
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2520/14 : Yaw
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 30/18145 : Cornering
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 30/18172 : Preventing, or responsive to skidding of wheels
• CPC Class Codes: F16H 2059/0221 : for selecting modes, i.e. input device for selecting between different modes with range selector F16H2059/082; for conjoint control B60W30/182
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/62 : Hybrid vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/64 : Electric machine technologies in electromobility
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 : Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/7072 : Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/72 : Electric energy management in electromobility
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 903/916 : with plurality of drive axles
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 903/945 : Characterized by control of gearing, e.g. control of transmission ratio
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 903/946 : Characterized by control of driveline clutch

Abstract

A hybrid vehicle (1) including an internal combustion engine and electric motors and selectively uses them as a running drive source according to a running state. When one of wheels (5) driven by an engine (7) skids to rotate excessively, a motor (13) connected to that wheel is caused to make a regenerative operation to remedy the skid of the wheel, and running traction made insufficient due to the skid is compensated by driving another wheel (4) by a motor (12) of another wheel by using electric energy recovered by the regenerative operation.

Claims

1. A hybrid vehicle including an engine operated by burning a fuel and a plurality of electric motors operated by electric energy, characterized in that:

at least one pair of right and left wheels are linked with both the engine and the motors, and when either of the wheels skids to rotate excessively while the vehicle is driven by the engine, a motor connected to the skidded wheel is made to effect regenerative operation to brake the skidded wheel to remedy the skid of the skidded wheel, wherein the motors are disposed to be drivable for recharging by the engine, and the wheels linked to the engine are mounted to be disengageable from the engine.

2. The hybrid vehicle according to claim 1, wherein running traction which becomes insufficient due to the skid is supplemented by driving the other wheel by the motor by using electric energy recovered by the regenerative operation.

3. A hybrid vehicle including an engine operated by burning a fuel and a plurality of electric motors operated by electric energy, characterized in that:

at least one pair of right and left wheels are linked with both the engine and the motors, and when either of the wheels skids to rotate excessively while the vehicle is driven by the engine, a motor connected to the skidded wheel is made to effect regenerative operation to brake the skidded wheel to remedy the skid of the skidded wheel, wherein the motor driving force is distributed to compensate the traction balance of the respective wheels lowered due to the skid.

4. A hybrid vehicle including an engine operated by burning a fuel and electric motors operated by electric energy, characterized in that:

a transmission includes a first operation section to change gears of at least an engine running system and a second operation section to switch between forward and backward drives of an electric motor running system;

both the operation sections have a neutral lever position formed commonly; and

an operation lever is provided to be operable in both the operation sections so to alternatively switch between the engine running system and the electric motor running system.

5. The hybrid vehicle according to claim 4, wherein a seesaw switch, which is switched when the operation lever passes by, is provided between the neutral lever position of the engine running system and the neutral lever position of the electric motor stem in the commonly formed neutral lever position.

6. The hybrid vehicle according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the operation lever is provided with a switch for starting the engine.

7. The hybrid vehicle according to claim 5, wherein the engine running system is provided with a clutch, the seesaw switch is switched by shifting the operation lever from the first operation section to the second operation section to stop the engine and to fix the clutch in an open state, and the seesaw switch is switched by shifting the operation lever from the second operation section to the first operation section to release the clutch from the open state.

8. The hybrid vehicle according to claim 7, wherein even when the operation lever is shifted from the second operation section to the first operation section, the operation lever cannot be shifted into the first operation section as the seesaw switch is fixed in the fixed state when the engine is not operating.

9. The hybrid vehicle according to claim 4, wherein the engine running system is provided with a clutch, and the electric motors are turned off when the clutch is in an open state.

10. The hybrid vehicle according to claim 4, wherein the engine running system is provided with a semi-automatic transmission or a full automatic transmission, and the electric motors are operated by operating an accelerator pedal even if the clutch is in the open state.

11. A hybrid vehicle including an engine operated by burning a fuel and electric motors operated by electric energy, characterized by:

a wheel speed sensor connected to each driven wheel; and

an arithmetic unit which calculates a vehicle speed from a signal output from the wheel speed sensor, calculates a wheel speed of a drive wheel from the number of rotations of an associated electric motor, and controls output of the associated electric motor with a predetermined electric motor output control starting speed and electric motor regenerative control starting speed determined as thresholds.

12. A method of controlling running of a hybrid vehicle including an engine operated by burning a fuel and electric motors operated by electric energy, characterized in that:

the vehicle has a wheel speed sensor connected to each driven wheel and an arithmetic unit which calculates a vehicle speed from a signal output from the wheel speed sensor, calculates a wheel speed of a drive wheel from the number of rotations of the an associated electric motor, and controls output of the associated electric motor with a predetermined electric motor output control starting speed and electric motor regenerative control starting speed determined as thresholds; and

output control of the associated electric motor is started when an engine throttle is opened by the driver, a vehicle speed estimated by calculating and the wheel speed of the drive wheel are compared, and when it is judged that the drive wheel is spinning, output of the associated electric motor which drives that drive wheel is controlled.

13. The method of controlling running of a hybrid vehicle according to claim 12, wherein:

the vehicle is provided with a throttle control device for controlling output of the engine and a second throttle controlled by the throttle control device and arranged upstream of the throttle operated by the driver with a predetermined engine control starting speed and brake control starting speed determined as thresholds; and

the vehicle speed estimated by calculating and the wheel speed of the drive wheel are compared, and when it is judged that the drive wheel is spinning and the wheel speed of the drive wheel exceeds the engine control starting speed or a brake control starting speed, the second throttle is controlled or the braking control of the drive wheel is performed.

14. The method of controlling running of a hybrid vehicle according to claim 13, wherein the electric motor output control starting speed, electric motor regenerative control starting speed, engine control starting speed and brake control starting speed are sequentially provided in the order of increasing speed.

15. A hybrid vehicle including an engine operated by burning a fuel and electric motors operated by electric energy, characterized by:

a yaw sensor for detecting a lateral acceleration of the vehicle; and

an arithmetic unit for controlling output of the electric motors with a predetermined electric motor output control starting yaw sensor output and electric motor regenerative control starting yaw sensor output determined as thresholds.

16. A method of controlling running of a hybrid vehicle including an engine operated by burning a fuel and electric motors operated by electric energy, characterized in that:

the vehicle is provided with a yaw sensor for detecting a lateral acceleration of the vehicle and an arithmetic unit for controlling output of the electric motors with a predetermined electric motor output control starting yaw sensor output and electric motor regenerative control starting yaw sensor output determined as thresholds; and

output control of the electric motors is started when the engine throttle is opened by the driver, and output of the electric motors driving the drive wheels is controlled when it exceeds the thresholds.

17. A hybrid vehicle including an engine operated by burning a fuel and electric motors operated by electric energy, and a clutch provided between the engine and a transmission, characterized in that

a one-way clutch is arranged next to the clutch;

and

the one-way clutch transmits engine torque in a drive direction only.

18. The hybrid vehicle according to claim 17, wherein the shaft of the drive wheel is linked with a CV joint and a CV joint housing, and a power transmission gear is fitted to the CV joint housing to transmit a driving force from the electric motor to the drive wheel through the power transmission gear.

19. The hybrid vehicle according to claim 18, wherein an intermediate gear is interposed between the power transmission gear and the electric motor to decrease the number of rotations of the electric motor.

20. The hybrid vehicle according to claim 17, wherein a parking gear is arranged downstream of the one-way clutch, and a parking mechanism having a hook for engaging with or disengaging from the parking gear is provided.