Device for sampling substances using alternating polarity of iontophoretic current
First Claim
1. A method for sampling of at least one substance from a subject which comprises:
- (a) conducting electrical current in a first polarity through a tissue of the subject, said conducting in a first polarity from a first sampling chamber on a surface of the tissue to a second sampling chamber on the surface of the tissue to extract a substance from the subject into the first sampling chamber;
(b) conducting electrical current in a second polarity through a tissue of the subject, said conducting in a second polarity from the second sampling chamber to the first sampling chamber to extract the substance from the subject into the second sampling chamber; and
(c) analyzing each sampling chamber for a concentration or amount of the substance.
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Accused Products
Abstract
A method for sampling of a substance from a subject is provided, which comprises placing one or more sampling chambers on a collection site on a tissue surface on the subject; conducting electric current through the tissue to extract a substance from the subject in a first direction in one or more sampling chambers that functions alternatively as both an anode and cathode during the course of the method; reversing the polarity to cause direct current to flow in second direction opposite the first direction; and analyzing the sampling chamber or chambers for the concentration of a substance or a substance metabolite. There is also provided a device for sampling of a substance from an organism on continuously or intermittently using alternating polarity method based on the application of low intensity electric fields of alternating polarity across the skin (iontophoresis) to enhance the transport of a substance (such as glucose, lactic acid, pyruvic acid, and the like) from body tissues to a sampling chamber. The device comprises an electrical power supply; a transdermal system that contains one or more sampling chambers that function as both anode and cathode during the course of sampling; a means to alternates or reverses the polarity during the iontophoretic sampling; and means for analyzing for the concentration of a substance or a substance metabolite.
444 Citations
67 Claims
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1. A method for sampling of at least one substance from a subject which comprises:
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(a) conducting electrical current in a first polarity through a tissue of the subject, said conducting in a first polarity from a first sampling chamber on a surface of the tissue to a second sampling chamber on the surface of the tissue to extract a substance from the subject into the first sampling chamber;
(b) conducting electrical current in a second polarity through a tissue of the subject, said conducting in a second polarity from the second sampling chamber to the first sampling chamber to extract the substance from the subject into the second sampling chamber; and
(c) analyzing each sampling chamber for a concentration or amount of the substance. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32)
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33. A method for sampling of glucose from a subject, said method comprising
(a) conducting electrical current in a first polarity through a tissue of the subject, said conducting in a first polarity from a first sampling chamber on a surface of the tissue to a second sampling chamber on the surface of the tissue to extract the glucose from the subject into the first sampling chamber, wherein (i) each sampling chamber comprises a collection medium, (ii) said conducting comprises applying electrical energy to the collection medium; - and (iii) said conducting and extracting comprises iontophoresis;
(b) conducting electrical current in a second polarity through a tissue of the subject, said conducting in a second polarity from the second sampling chamber to the first sampling chamber, to extract the glucose from the subject into the second sampling chamber, wherein (i) said conducting comprises applying electrical energy to the collection medium; and
(ii) said conducting and extracting comprises iontophoresis; and
(c) analyzing each sampling chamber for a concentration or amount of the glucose. - View Dependent Claims (34, 35, 36, 37)
- and (iii) said conducting and extracting comprises iontophoresis;
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38. An iontophoresis sampling device comprising
(a) a transdermal system that comprises (i) a first sampling chamber for receiving a sample, wherein the first sampling chamber comprises a first electrode that is connectable with an electrical power supply, and (ii) at least a second electrode that is connectable with said power supply; - and
(b) means for reversing polarity between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the first electrode functions as both an anode and a cathode during iontophoretic sampling. - View Dependent Claims (39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59)
(c) means for analyzing a concentration or amount of a substance or a substance metabolite received in the first and second sampling chambers. -
42. The device of claim 41, further comprising (d) a programmed processor for correlating the concentration or amount determined in step (c) with a blood substance level.
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43. The device of claim 41, further comprising (d) a programmed processor for providing correlation data between a sampling chamber substance level and blood substance levels.
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44. The device of claim 41, wherein said analyzing comprises pulsed amperometric detection.
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45. The device of claim 40, wherein each sampling chamber comprises an Ag/AgCl electrode.
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46. The device of claim 45, wherein each sampling chamber comprises a collection medium.
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47. The device of claim 38, further comprising
(c) means for analyzing a concentration or amount of a substance or a substance metabolite received in the first sampling chamber. -
48. The device of claim 47, wherein said analyzing comprises pulsed amperometric detection.
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49. The device of claim 38, wherein said reversing of polarity is performed at a frequency comprising about 1 cycle per 20 seconds to about 1 cycle per 4 hours.
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50. The device of claim 49, wherein said reversing of polarity is performed at a frequency comprising about 1 cycle per 20 seconds to about 1 cycle per 2 hours.
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51. The device of claim 50, wherein said reversing of polarity is performed at a frequency comprising about 1 cycle per minute to about 1 cycle per 2 hours.
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52. The device of claim 51, wherein said reversing of polarity is performed at a frequency comprising about 1 cycle per 10 minutes to about 1 cycle per hour.
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53. The device of claim 52, wherein said reversing of polarity is performed at a frequency comprising about 1 cycle per half hour.
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54. The device of claim 38, wherein the first sampling chamber comprises an Ag/AgCl electrode.
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55. The device of claim 54, wherein the first sampling chamber comprises a collection medium.
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56. The device of claim 38, wherein said means for reversing polarity comprises a switch.
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57. The device of claim 38, further comprising an electrical power supply.
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58. The device of claim 38, wherein said sample comprises glucose.
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59. The device of claim 38, wherein said sample comprises more than one substance.
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60. An iontophoresis device for sampling glucose, said device comprising
(a) a transdermal system that comprises (i) a first sampling chamber for receiving a sample, wherein the first sampling chamber comprises a first electrode that is connectable with an electrical power supply and a collection medium, and (ii) a second sampling chamber for receiving a sample, wherein the second sampling chamber comprises a second electrode that is connectable with an electrical power supply and a collection medium; - and
(b) means for reversing polarity between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the first and second electrodes each alternately function as both an anode and a cathode during iontophoretic sampling. - View Dependent Claims (61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67)
(c) means for analyzing a concentration or amount of glucose received in the first and second sampling chambers. -
63. The device of claim 62, further comprising (d) a programmed processor for correlating the concentration or amount determined in step (c) with a blood glucose level.
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64. The device of claim 62, further comprising (d) a programmed processor for providing correlation data between a sampling chamber glucose level and blood glucose level.
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65. The device of claim 62, wherein said analyzing comprises pulsed amperometric detection.
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66. The device of claim 60, further comprising an electrical power supply.
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67. The device of claim 60, wherein said reversing of polarity comprises an alternating polarity current and said alternating polarity current is applied intermittently.
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Specification