Detecting the starting and stopping of movement of a person on foot

• US 6,298,314 B1
• Filed: 07/30/1999
• Issued: 10/02/2001
• Est. Priority Date: 10/02/1997
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Nike, Inc., Personal Electronic Devices Incorporated
• Original Assignee: Personal Electronic Devices Incorporated
• Inventors: Joffe, Samuel W., Blackadar, Thomas P., Gaudet, Paul J.
• Primary Examiner(s): ASSOUAD, PATRICK J
• Application Number:
  US09/364,202
• Time in Patent Office: 795 Days
• Field of Search: 702/178, 702/160, 738/654, 368/10, 235/105
• US Class Current: 702/178
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/1121 Determining geometric values, e.g. centre of rotation or angular range of movement
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/1123 Discriminating type of movement, e.g. walking or running A61B5/1116, A61B5/112 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/681 Wristwatch-type devices
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/6831 Straps, bands or harnesses
• CPC Class Codes: G01C 22/006 Pedometers
• CPC Class Codes: G04C 3/002 Position, e.g. inclination dependent switches
• CPC Class Codes: G04G 21/02 Detectors of external physical values, e.g. temperature
• CPC Class Codes: G04G 21/025 for measuring physiological data

Abstract

Various methods for monitoring movement of a person involve using a sensor to generate a signal in response to movement of a person. In one embodiment, a characteristic in the signal is identified that indicates the person is walking or running and, in response to identifying the characteristic, a timer is started. In another embodiment, after the person has begun walking or running, a characteristic in the signal is identified that indicates the person has ceased walking or running and, in response to identifying the characteristic, an action is taken. In another embodiment, a characteristic in the signal is identified that is indicative of a foot of the person being in motion and, in response to identifying the characteristic, a timer is started. In another embodiment, after a foot of the person has been in motion, a characteristic in the signal is identified that is indicative of the foot ceasing to be in motion and, in response to identifying the characteristic, an action is taken. In another embodiment, in response to identifying that the person is not walking or running, a characteristic in the signal is identified that indicates the person has begun walking or running and, in response to identifying the characteristic, an action is taken. In another embodiment, in response to identifying that a foot of the person is stationary, a characteristic in the signal is identified that indicates the foot is in motion and, in response to identifying the characteristic, an action is taken.

Claims

1. A method for monitoring movement of a person in locomotion on foot, comprising steps of:

(a) mounting a sensor on the person;

(b) using the sensor to generate a signal in response to movement of the person;

(c) analyzing the signal to identify a first characteristic in the signal that indicates when the person has taken an initial footstep to begin walking or running after having been stationary;

(d) analyzing the signal to identify a second characteristic in the signal that indicates when the person has initially ceased taking footsteps after having been walking or running; and

(e) determining an elapsed time period between when the first and second characteristics appeared in the signal.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the step (e) includes steps of:

(e1) in response to identifying the first characteristic, starting a timer; and

(e2) in response to identifying the second characteristic, stopping the timer.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the step (c) includes a step of:

(c1) identifying the first characteristic by determining that an amplitude of the signal has exceeded a threshold.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the step (d) includes a step of:

(d1) identifying the second characteristic by determining that the amplitude of the signal has not exceeded a threshold for a given period of time.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the step (d) includes a step of:

(d1) identifying the second characteristic by determining that an amplitude of the signal has not exceeded a threshold for a given period of time.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein:

the method further includes a step of (f) analyzing the signal to identify that the person is stationary; and

the step (c) is performed in response to it being identified in the step (f) that the person is stationary.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein the step (f) includes a step of:

(f1) identifying that the person is stationary by determining that an amplitude of the signal has not exceeded a threshold for a given period of time.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein the step (a) includes a step of:

(a1) providing the sensor such that the sensor includes an accelerometer that does not require compression forces thereon to sense acceleration.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein the step (a) includes a step of:

(a1) mounting the sensor on a foot of the person.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein the first characteristic in the signal is indicative of at least a portion of a foot of the person leaving a surface.

11. The method of claim 1, further including a step of:

(f) beginning to attempt to identify the first characteristic in the signal in response to a user input.

56. The method of claim 1, wherein the second characteristic represents a first time the person did not take a footstep when a footstep would have been expected to have been taken by the person if the person had continued walking or running.

57. The method of claim 1, wherein the step (a) includes a step of (a1) mounting the sensor below a waist of the person.

58. The method of claim 57, wherein the step (a1) includes a step of:

providing the sensor such that the sensor includes an accelerometer that does not require compression forces thereon to sense acceleration.

59. The method of claim 1, wherein the step (d) is performed after the step (c).

60. The method of claim 9, wherein the step (a1) includes a step of:

providing the sensor such that the sensor includes including an accelerometer that does not require compression forces thereon to sense acceleration.

12. A system for monitoring movement of a person in locomotion on foot, comprising:

a sensor to be mounted on the person to generate a signal in response to movement of the person; and

at least one controller coupled to the sensor to receive the signal therefrom, the at least one controller being configured to analyze the signal to identify a first characteristic in the signal that indicates when the person has taken an initial footstep to begin walking or running after having been stationary, and to analyze the signal to identify a second characteristic in the signal that indicates when the person has initially ceased taking footsteps after having been walking or running, the at least one controller being further configured to determine an elapsed time period between when the first and second characteristics appeared in the signal.

62. The system of claim 12, wherein the second characteristic represents a first time the person did not take a footstep when a footstep would have been expected to have been taken by the person if the person had continued walking or running.

63. The system of claim 12, wherein the sensor includes an accelerometer that does not require compression forces thereon to sense acceleration.

64. The system of claim 12, wherein the first characteristic in the signal is indicative of at least a portion of a foot of the person leaving a surface.

65. The system of claim 12, wherein the at least one controller is further configured to begin to attempt to identify the first characteristic in the signal in response to a user input.

13. A method for monitoring movement of a person in locomotion on foot, comprising steps of:

(a) mounting a sensor on the person;

(b) using the sensor to generate a signal in response to movement of the person;

(c) after the person has begun walking or running, analyzing the signal to identify a characteristic in the signal that indicates the person has initially ceased taking footsteps; and

(d) determining an elapsed time period based on a time at which the characteristic appeared in the signal.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein the step (c) includes a step of:

(c1) identifying the characteristic by determining that an amplitude of the signal has not exceeded a threshold for a given period of time.

15. The method of claim 13, wherein the step (d) includes a step of:

(d1) stopping a timer in response to identifying the characteristic.

16. The method of claim 13, wherein the step (a) includes a step of:

(a1) providing the sensor such that the sensor includes an accelerometer that does not require compression forces thereon to sense acceleration.

17. The method of claim 13, wherein the step (a) includes a step of:

(a1) mounting the sensor on a foot of the person.

61. The system of claim 13, wherein the at least one controller is further configured to start a timer in response to identifying the first characteristic, and to stop the timer in response to identifying the second characteristic.

66. The method of claim 13, wherein the step (d) includes a step of (d1) measuring the elapsed time period so that the elapsed time period ends at the time at which the characteristic appeared in the signal.

67. The method of claim 13, wherein the characteristic in the signal represents a first time the person did not take a footstep when a footstep would have been expected to have been taken by the person if the person had continued walking or running.

68. The method of claim 13, wherein the step (a) includes a step of (a1) mounting the sensor below a waist of the person.

69. The method of claim 68, wherein the step (a1) includes a step of:

providing the sensor such that the sensor includes an accelerometer that does not require compression forces thereon to sense acceleration.

18. A system for monitoring movement of a person in locomotion on foot, comprising:

a sensor to be mounted on the person to generate a signal in response to movement of the person; and

at least one controller coupled to the sensor to receive the signal therefrom, the at least one controller being configured to analyze the signal to identify a characteristic in the signal that indicates when the person has initially ceased taking footsteps after having been walking or running, and to determine an elapsed time period based on a time at which the characteristic appeared in the signal.

70. The system of claim 18, wherein the at least one controller is further configured to stop a timer in response to identifying the characteristic.

71. The system of claim 18, wherein the sensor includes an accelerometer that does not require compression forces thereon to sense acceleration.

19. A method for monitoring movement of a person, comprising steps of:

(a) mounting a sensor on a foot of the person;

(b) using the sensor to generate a signal in response to movement of the foot of the person;

(c) analyzing the signal to identify a first characteristic in the signal indicative of the foot of the person initially beginning to move after having been stationary;

(d) analyzing the signal to identify a second characteristic in the signal indicative of the foot of the person initially ceasing to move after having been in motion; and

(e) determining an elapsed time period between when the first and second characteristics appeared in the signal.

20. The method of claim 19, wherein the step (e) includes steps of:

(e1) in response to identifying the first characteristic, starting a timer; and

(e2) in response to identifying the second characteristic, stopping the timer.

21. The method of claim 19, wherein the step (c) includes a step of:

(c1) identifying the first characteristic in the signal by determining that an amplitude of the signal has exceeded a threshold.

22. The method of claim 19, wherein the step (d) includes a step of:

(d1) identifying the second characteristic in the signal by determining that the amplitude of the signal has not exceeded a threshold for a given period of time.

23. The method of claim 19, wherein the step (a) includes a step of:

(a1) providing the sensor such that the sensor includes an accelerometer that does not require compression forces thereon to sense acceleration.

24. The method of claim 19, wherein the first characteristic in the signal is indicative of at least a portion of the foot leaving a surface.

25. The method of claim 19, further including a step of:

(f) beginning to attempt to identify the first characteristic in the signal in response to a user input.

72. The method of claim 19, wherein the step (d) is performed after the step (c).

26. A system for monitoring movement of a person, comprising:

a sensor to be mounted on a foot of the person to generate a signal in response to movement of the foot of the person; and

at least one controller coupled to the sensor to receive the signal therefrom, the at least one controller being configured to identify a first characteristic in the signal indicative of the foot of the person initially beginning to move after having been stationary, and to identify a second characteristic in the signal indicative of the foot initially ceasing to move after having been in motion, the at least one controller being further configured to determine an elapsed time period between when the first and second characteristics appeared in the signal.

73. The system of claim 26, wherein the at least one controller is further configured to start a timer in response to identifying the first characteristic, and to stop the timer in response to identifying the second characteristic.

74. The system of claim 26, wherein the sensor includes an accelerometer that does not require compression forces thereon to sense acceleration.

75. The system of claim 26, wherein the first characteristic in the signal is indicative of at least a portion of the foot leaving a surface.

76. The system of claim 26, wherein the at least one controller is further configured to begin to attempt to identify the first characteristic in the signal in response to a user input.

27. A method for monitoring movement of a person, comprising steps of:

(a) mounting a sensor on a foot of the person;

(b) using the sensor to generate a signal in response to movement of the foot of the person;

(c) after a foot of the person has been in motion, analyzing the signal to identify a characteristic in the signal indicative of the foot initially ceasing to be in motion; and

(d) measuring an elapsed time period based on a time at which the characteristic appeared in the signal.

28. The method of claim 27, wherein the step (c) includes a step of:

(c1) identifying the characteristic by determining that an amplitude of the signal has not exceeded a threshold for a given period of time.

29. The method of claim 27, wherein the step (d) includes a step of:

(d1) stopping a timer in response to identifying the characteristic.

30. The method of claim 27, wherein the step (a) includes a step of:

(a1) providing the sensor such that the sensor includes an accelerometer that does not require compression forces thereon to sense acceleration.

31. A system for monitoring movement of a person, comprising:

a sensor to be mounted on a foot of the person to generate a signal in response to movement of the foot of the person; and

at least one controller coupled to the sensor to receive the signal therefrom, the at least one controller being configured to, after the foot of the person has been in motion, analyze the signal to identify a characteristic in the signal indicative of the foot initially ceasing to be in motion, and to determine an elapsed time period based on a time at which the characteristic appeared in the signal.

77. The system of claim 31, wherein the at least one controller is further configured to stop a timer in response to identifying the characteristic.

78. The system of claim 31, wherein the sensor includes an accelerometer that does not require compression forces thereon to sense acceleration.

32. A method for monitoring movement of a person in locomotion on foot, comprising steps of:

(a) mounting a sensor on the person;

(b) using the sensor to generate a signal in response to movement of the person;

(c) analyzing the signal to identify that the person is not walking or running;

(d) in response to identifying that the person is not walking or running, analyzing the signal to identify a first characteristic in the signal that indicates the person has begun walking or running; and

(e) in response to identifying the first characteristic, taking a first action.

33. The method of claim 32, further comprising steps of:

(f) after taking the first action, analyzing the signal to identify a second characteristic in the signal that indicates the person has ceased walking or running; and

(g) in response to identifying the second characteristic, taking a second action.

34. The method of claim 32 wherein the step (d) includes a step of:

(d1) identifying the first characteristic in the signal by determining that an amplitude of the signal has exceeded a threshold.

35. The method of claim 33 wherein the step (f) includes a step of:

(f1) identifying the second characteristic in the signal by determining that an amplitude of the signal has not exceeded a threshold for a given period of time.

36. The method of claim 35 wherein the step (d) includes a step of:

(d1) identifying the first characteristic in the signal by determining that an amplitude of the signal has exceeded a threshold.

37. The method of claim 33, wherein:

the step (e) includes a step of starting a timer in response to identifying the first characteristic, and

the step (g) includes a step of stopping the timer in response to identifying the second characteristic.

38. The method of claim 32, wherein the step (a) includes a step of:

(a1) providing the sensor such that the sensor includes an accelerometer that does not require compression forces thereon to sense acceleration.

39. The method of claim 32, wherein the step (a) includes a step of:

(a1) mounting the sensor on a foot of the person.

40. The method of claim 32, wherein the first characteristic in the signal is indicative of at least a portion of a foot of the person leaving a surface.

41. The method of claim 32, wherein the step (e) includes a step of:

(e1) starting a timer in response to identifying the first characteristic.

42. The method of claim 32, wherein the step (c) includes a step of:

(c1) identifying that the person is not walking or running by determining that an amplitude of the signal has not exceeded a threshold for a given period of time.

79. The method of claim 39, wherein the step (a1) includes a step of:

providing the sensor such that the sensor includes including an accelerometer that does not require compression forces thereon to sense acceleration.

80. The method of claim 32, wherein the step (a) includes a step of:

(a1) mounting the sensor below a waist of the person.

81. The method of claim 80, wherein the step (a1) includes a step of:

providing the sensor such that the sensor includes including an accelerometer that does not require compression forces thereon to sense acceleration.

43. A system for monitoring movement of a person in locomotion on foot, comprising:

a sensor to be mounted on the person to generate a signal in response to movement of the person; and

at least one controller coupled to the sensor to receive the signal therefrom, the at least one controller being configured to analyze the signal to identify that the person is not walking or running, to, in response to identifying that the person is not walking or running, analyze the signal to identify a first characteristic in the signal that indicates the person has begun walking or running, and to, in response to identifying the first characteristic, take a first action.

82. The system of claim 43, wherein the at least one controller is further configured to, after taking the first action, analyze the signal to identify a second characteristic in the signal that indicates the person has ceased walking or running, and to, in response to identifying the second characteristic, take a second action.

83. The system of claim 82, wherein the at least one controller is further configured to start a timer in response to identifying the first characteristic, and to stop the timer in response to identifying the second characteristic.

84. The system of claim 43, wherein the sensor includes an accelerometer that does not require compression forces thereon to sense acceleration.

85. The system of claim 43, wherein the first characteristic in the signal is indicative of at least a portion of a foot of the person leaving a surface.

86. The system of claim 43, wherein the at least one controller is further configured to start a timer in response to identifying the first characteristic.

44. A method for monitoring movement of a person, comprising steps of:

(a) mounting a sensor on a foot of the person;

(b) using the sensor to generate a signal in response to movement of the foot of the person;

(c) analyzing the signal to identify that the foot of the person is stationary;

(d) in response to identifying that the foot is stationary, analyzing the signal to identify a first characteristic in the signal that indicates the foot is in motion; and

(e) in response to identifying the first characteristic, taking a first action.

45. The method of claim 44, further including steps of:

(f) after taking the first action, analyzing the signal to identify a second characteristic in the signal that indicates the foot has become stationary; and

(g) in response to identifying the second characteristic, taking a second action.

46. The method of claim 44, wherein the step (d) includes a step of:

(d1) determining that an amplitude of the signal has exceeded a threshold.

47. The method of claim 45, wherein the step (f) includes a step of:

(f1) determining that the amplitude of the signal has not exceeded a threshold for a given period of time.

48. The method of claim 47, wherein the step (d) includes a step of:

(d1) determining that an amplitude of the signal has exceeded a threshold.

49. The method of claim 45, wherein:

the step (e) includes a step of starting a timer in response to identifying the first characteristic; and

the step (g) includes a step of stopping the timer in response to identifying the second characteristic.

50. The method of claim 44, wherein the step (a) includes a step of:

(a1) providing the sensor such that the sensor includes an accelerometer that does not require compression forces thereon to sense acceleration.

51. The method of claim 44, wherein the first characteristic in the signal is indicative of at least a portion of the foot leaving a surface.

52. The method of claim 44, wherein the step (d) includes a step of:

(d1) identifying that the foot of the person is in motion by determining that an amplitude of the signal has exceeded a threshold.

53. The method of claim 44, wherein the step (e) includes a step of starting a timer in response to identifying the first characteristic.

54. The method of claim 44, wherein the step (c) includes a step of:

(c1) identifying that the foot of the person is stationary by determining that an amplitude of the signal has not exceeded a threshold for a given period of time.

55. A system for monitoring movement of a person, comprising:

a sensor to be mounted on a foot of the person to generate a signal in response to movement of the foot of the person; and

at least one controller coupled to the sensor to receive the signal therefrom, the at least one controller being configured analyze the signal to identify that the foot of the person is stationary, to, in response to identifying that the foot is stationary, analyze the signal to identify a first characteristic in the signal that indicates the foot is in motion, and to, in response to identifying the first characteristic, take a first action.

87. The system of claim 55, wherein the at least one controller is further configured to, after taking the first action, analyze the signal to identify a second characteristic in the signal that indicates the foot has become stationary, and to, in response to identifying the second characteristic, take a second action.

88. The system of claim 87, wherein the at least one controller is further configured to start a timer in response to identifying the first characteristic, and to stop the timer in response to identifying the second characteristic.

89. The system of claim 55, wherein the sensor includes an accelerometer that does not require compression forces thereon to sense acceleration.

90. The system of claim 55, wherein the first characteristic in the signal is indicative of at least a portion of the foot leaving a surface.

91. The system of claim 55, wherein the at least one controller is further configured to start a timer in response to identifying the first characteristic.