Materials and products using nanostructured non-stoichiometric substances
First Claim
1. A submicron non-stoichiometric material, wherein the value for a selected physical property of the submicron non-stoichiometric material is greater than 5% different from that for a thermodynamically equilibrium form of the submicron non-stoichiometric material.
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Accused Products
Abstract
Nanoscale non-stoichiometric materials with unusual properties are disclosed. These materials offer a wide range of novel formulations for applications in catalysis, chemicals and fuels, electronics, electromagnetics, photonics, optics, sensors, electrochemical products, structural products, biomedical engineering, acoustics, composites, and other applications. Illustrative methods and processes are disclosed to highlight catalytic properties and electrical properties and to process these materials from powder or porous forms into dense forms and shapes. The invention includes a non-stoichiometric composition of a material, preferably in nanostructured form, for various applications including, but not limited to, methods to reduce the sintering temperature, the sintering time, or both.
395 Citations
45 Claims
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1. A submicron non-stoichiometric material, wherein the value for a selected physical property of the submicron non-stoichiometric material is greater than 5% different from that for a thermodynamically equilibrium form of the submicron non-stoichiometric material.
- View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5)
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2. The submicron non-stoichiometric material of claim 1, wherein the selected physical property is an electrical property.
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3. The submicron non-stoichiometric material of claim 1, wherein the selected physical property is a catalytic property.
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4. The submicron non-stoichiometric material of claim 1, wherein the selected physical property is an optical property.
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5. The submicron non-stoichiometric material of claim 1, wherein the selected physical property is an electrochemical property.
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2. The submicron non-stoichiometric material of claim 1, wherein the selected physical property is an electrical property.
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6. A submicron non-stoichiometric material, wherein relative ratios of components of the submicron non-stoichiometric material differ by more than 1% from thermodynamically equilibrium form of the submicron non-stoichiometric material.
- View Dependent Claims (7, 8, 9, 10)
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7. The submicron non-stoichiometric material of claim 6, wherein the relative ratios of the components of the material differ by more than 2% from the stoichiometric values.
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8. The submicron non-stoichiometric material of claim 6, wherein the relative ratios of the components of the material differ by more than 5% from the stoichiometric values.
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9. The submicron non-stoichiometric material of claim 6, wherein the material is a nanomaterial.
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10. The submicron non-stoichiometric material of claim 6, wherein the material is a nanopowder.
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7. The submicron non-stoichiometric material of claim 6, wherein the relative ratios of the components of the material differ by more than 2% from the stoichiometric values.
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11. A submicron material, wherein
a domain size of the submicron material is less than 500 nm, and the submicron material is a non-equilibrium non-stoichiometric material. - View Dependent Claims (12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23)
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12. The submicron material of claim 11, wherein the domain size is less than 100 nm.
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13. The submicron material of claim 11, wherein the submicron material is a nanostructured material.
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14. The submicron material of claim 13, wherein the material contains oxygen.
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15. The submicron material of claim 13, wherein the material contains nitrogen.
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16. The submicron material of claim 13, wherein the material contains boron.
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17. The submicron material of claim 13, wherein the material contains carbon.
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18. The submicron material of claim 13, wherein the material contains hydrogen.
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19. The submicron material of claim 13, wherein the material contains halogen.
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20. The submicron material of claim 13, wherein the material contains chalcogen.
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21. The submicron material of claim 13, wherein the material contains at least two metals.
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22. The submicron material of claim 11, wherein the material is a powder.
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23. The submicron material of claim 22, wherein the material is nanopowder.
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12. The submicron material of claim 11, wherein the domain size is less than 100 nm.
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24. A nanostructured material useful in an application, wherein:
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a domain size of the nanostructured material is less than 500 nm;
the nanostructured material is non-equilibrium and non-stoichiometric; and
a selected property representative of the application in the nanostructured material is greater than 5% different from that for a stoichiometric form of the nanostructured material. - View Dependent Claims (25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34)
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25. The nanostructured material of claim 24, wherein the application is a catalytic application.
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26. The nanostructured material of claim 24, wherein the application is an optical application.
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27. The nanostructured material of claim 24, wherein the application is a biomedical application.
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28. The nanostructured material of claim 24, wherein the application is a battery.
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29. The nanostructured material of claim 24, wherein the application is a fuel application.
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30. The nanostructured material of claim 24, wherein the application is a magnetic application.
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31. The nanostructured material of claim 24, wherein the application is an application from the group comprising of carrier, marker, drug delivery application.
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32. The nanostructured material of claim 24, wherein the application is a structural application.
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33. The nanostructured material of claim 24, wherein the application is a sensing application.
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34. The nanostructured material of claim 24, wherein the application is a hydrogen storage application.
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35. A nanostructured material useful in an application, wherein a domain size of the nanostructured material is less than 500 nm, the nanostructured material is non-equilibrium and non-stoichiometric, and the nanostructured material is produced by heating.
- View Dependent Claims (36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45)
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36. The nanostructured material of claim 35, wherein the application is a catalytic application.
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37. The nanostructured material of claim 35, wherein the application is an optical application.
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38. The nanostructured material of claim 35, wherein the application is a biomedical application .
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39. The nanostructured material of claim 35, wherein the application is a battery.
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40. The nanostructured material of claim 35, wherein the application is a fuel application.
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41. The nanostructured material of claim 35, wherein the application is a magnetic application.
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42. The nanostructured material of claim 35, wherein the application is an application from the group comprising of carrier, marker, drug delivery application.
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43. The nanostructured material of claim 35, wherein the application is a structural application.
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44. The nanostructured material of claim 35, wherein the application is a sensing application.
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45. The nanostructured material of claim 35, wherein the application is a hydrogen storage application.
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36. The nanostructured material of claim 35, wherein the application is a catalytic application.
Specification
- Resources
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Current AssigneePPG Industries Ohio Incorporated (Nouryon BV)
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Original AssigneeNanoenergy Corporation
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InventorsYadav, Tapesh, Au, Ming, Miremadi, Bijan, Freim, John, Avniel, Yuval, Dirstine, Roger, Alexander, John, Franke, Evan
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Primary Examiner(s)Le, Hoa T.
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Application NumberUS09/274,517Time in Patent Office1,050 DaysField of Search428/402US Class Current428/402CPC Class CodesA61L 27/06 Titanium or titanium alloysB01J 12/005 carried out at high tempera...B01J 12/02 for obtaining at least one ...B01J 19/0046 Sequential or parallel reac...B01J 19/24 Stationary reactors without...B01J 2219/00094 JacketsB01J 2219/00135 Electric resistance heatersB01J 2219/00155 using insulating materials ...B01J 2219/00177 controlling the pHB01J 2219/0018 controlling the conductivityB01J 2219/00317 Microwell devices, i.e. hav...B01J 2219/00385 PrintingB01J 2219/0043 for direct application of r...B01J 2219/00653 the compounds being bound t...B01J 2219/00707 separated from the reactor ...B01J 2219/00745 Inorganic compoundsB01J 2219/00747 CatalystsB01J 2219/0075 Metal based compoundsB01J 2219/00754 Metal oxidesB01J 2219/00756 Compositions, e.g. coatings...B01J 2219/0894 : Processes carried out in th...B01J 23/002 : Mixed oxides other than spi...B01J 23/08 : of gallium, indium or thalliumB01J 23/14 : of germanium, tin or leadB01J 2523/00 : Constitutive chemical eleme...B01J 2523/17 : CopperB01J 2523/18 : SilverB01J 2523/22 : MagnesiumB01J 2523/27 : ZincB01J 2523/305 : BoronB01J 2523/31 : AluminiumB01J 2523/33 : IndiumB01J 2523/3706 : LanthanumB01J 2523/43 : TinB01J 2523/47 : TitaniumB01J 2523/48 : ZirconiumB01J 2523/54 : BismuthB01J 2523/56 : NiobiumB01J 2523/57 : TantalumB01J 2523/67 : ChromiumB01J 2523/69 : TungstenB01J 2523/72 : ManganeseB01J 2523/824 : PalladiumB01J 2523/842 : IronB01J 2523/845 : CobaltB01J 2523/847 : NickelB01J 35/23 : in a colloidal stateB01J 37/18 : with gases containing free ...B05B 1/12 : capable of producing differ...B22F 1/054 : Nanosized particlesB22F 1/12 : Metallic powder containing ...B22F 2009/041 : by mechanical alloying, e.g...B22F 2201/11 : ArgonB22F 2202/13 : Use of plasmaB22F 2998/00 : Supplementary information c...B22F 2999/00 : Aspects linked to processes...B22F 9/04 : starting from solid materia...B22F 9/12 : starting from gaseous materialB29C 70/58 : comprising fillers only , e...B82B 1/00 : Nanostructures formed by ma...B82Y 25/00 : Nanomagnetism, e.g. magneto...B82Y 30/00 : Nanotechnology for material...B82Y 5/00 : Nanobiotechnology or nanome...C01B 13/145 : After-treatment of oxides o...C01B 19/007 : Tellurides or selenides of ...C01B 21/062 : with chromium, molybdenum o...C01B 3/001 : characterised by the uptaki...C01B 32/956 : Silicon carbideC01B 35/04 : Metal boridesC01F 11/06 : of carbonatesC01F 5/06 : by thermal decomposition of...C01G 23/006 : Alkaline earth titanatesC01G 25/00 : Compounds of zirconiumC01G 25/02 : OxidesC01G 41/02 : Oxides; HydroxidesC01G 53/00 : Compounds of nickelC01G 53/006 : Compounds containing, besid...C01P 2002/01 : depicted by a TEM-imageC01P 2002/02 : Amorphous compoundsC01P 2002/34 : perovskite-type (ABO3)C01P 2002/54 : one element onlyC01P 2002/60 : Compounds characterised by ...C01P 2002/72 : by d-values or two theta-va...C01P 2004/03 : obtained by SEMC01P 2004/04 : obtained by TEM, STEM, STM ...C01P 2004/38 : cube-likeC01P 2004/51 : Particles with a specific p...C01P 2004/54 : Particles characterised by ...C01P 2004/61 : Micrometer sized, i.e. from...C01P 2004/62 : Submicrometer sized, i.e. f...C01P 2004/64 : Nanometer sized, i.e. from ...C01P 2006/10 : Solid densityC01P 2006/12 : Surface areaC01P 2006/40 : Electric propertiesC01P 2006/60 : Optical properties, e.g. ex...C04B 2111/00844 : for electronic applicationsC04B 2235/3241 : Chromium oxides, chromates,...C04B 2235/3262 : Manganese oxides, manganate...C04B 2235/3275 : Cobalt oxides, cobaltates o...C04B 2235/3279 : Nickel oxides, nickalates, ...C04B 2235/3284 : Zinc oxides, zincates, cadm...C04B 2235/3298 : Bismuth oxides, bismuthates...C04B 2235/79 : Non-stoichiometric products...C04B 2235/80 : Phases present in the sinte...C04B 35/00 : Shaped ceramic products cha...C04B 35/01 : based on oxide ceramicsC04B 35/10 : based on aluminium oxideC04B 35/265 : Compositions containing one...C04B 35/2666 : Other ferrites containing n...C04B 35/453 : based on zinc, tin, or bism...C04B 35/457 : based on tin oxides or stan...C04B 35/56 : based on carbides or oxycar...C04B 35/5611 : based on titanium carbidesC04B 35/581 : based on aluminium nitrideC04B 35/62222 : obtaining ceramic coatings ...C04B 41/009 : characterised by the materi...C04B 41/4539 : as a emulsion, dispersion o...C04B 41/4549 : Nanometer-sized particlesC04B 41/5027 : Oxide ceramics in general; ...C04B 41/5049 : Zinc or bismuth oxidesC04B 41/5059 : Silicon carbideC04B 41/5116 : Ag or AuC04B 41/5122 : Pd or PtC04B 41/52 : Multiple coating or impregn...C04B 41/524 : Multiple coatings, comprisi...C04B 41/87 : CeramicsC04B 41/89 : for obtaining at least two ...C04B 41/90 : at least one coating being ...C08K 2201/011 : Nanostructured additivesC08K 2201/016 : Additives defined by their ...C08K 3/01 : characterized by their spec...C08K 3/08 : MetalsG01N 27/127 : comprising nanoparticlesH01C 17/0652 : containing carbon or carbidesH01C 7/112 : ZnO typeH01F 1/0036 : showing low dimensional mag...H01F 1/0045 : Zero dimensional, e.g. nano...H01F 1/36 : in the form of particles H0...H01F 41/0246 : Manufacturing of magnetic c...H01G 4/12 : Ceramic dielectrics H01G4/0...H01G 4/33 : Thin- or thick-film capacit...H01L 23/49883 : the conductive materials co...H01L 23/5328 : containing conductive organ...H01L 2924/00 : Indexing scheme for arrange...H01L 2924/0002 : Not covered by any one of g...H01L 2924/3011 : ImpedanceH01M 10/0562 : Solid materialsH01M 10/0566 : Liquid materialsH01M 4/02 : Electrodes composed of, or ...H01M 4/04 : Processes of manufacture in...H01M 4/242 : Hydrogen storage electrodesH01M 4/581 : Chalcogenides or intercalat...H01M 4/5815 : SulfidesH01M 4/582 : HalogenidesH01M 4/8875 : Methods for shaping the ele...H01M 4/8885 : Sintering or firingH01M 4/90 : Selection of catalytic mate...H01M 4/9066 : of metal-ceramic composites...H01M 8/1213 : characterised by the electr...H01M 8/1246 : the electrolyte consisting ...H01M 8/1253 : the electrolyte containing ...Y02E 60/10 : Energy storage using batteriesY02E 60/32 : Hydrogen storageY02E 60/50 : Fuel cellsY02P 70/50 : Manufacturing or production...Y10S 428/90 : Magnetic featureY10S 977/762 : Nanowire or quantum wire, i...Y10S 977/783 : Organic host/matrix, e.g. l...Y10S 977/81 : Of specified metal or metal...Y10S 977/811 : Of specified metal oxide co...Y10S 977/948 : Energy storage/generating u...Y10T 29/4902 : Electromagnet, transformer ...Y10T 428/12056 : Entirely inorganicY10T 428/1216 : Continuous interengaged pha...Y10T 428/12181 : Composite powder [e.g., coa...Y10T 428/25 : Web or sheet containing str...Y10T 428/254 : Polymeric or resinous materialY10T 428/256 : Heavy metal or aluminum or ...Y10T 428/257 : Iron oxide or aluminum oxideY10T 428/259 : Silicic materialY10T 428/2982 : Particulate matter [e.g., s...Y10T 428/2991 : CoatedY10T 428/2998 : including synthetic resin o...