Electronic access control device

• US 6,359,547 B1
• Filed: 12/04/1996
• Issued: 03/19/2002
• Est. Priority Date: 11/15/1994
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: O.S. Security LLC (Acacia Research Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Micro Enhanced Technology Incorporated
• Inventors: Denison, William D., Silvers, Bradley S., Brownfield, Lawrence C.
• Primary Examiner(s): ZIMMERMAN, BRIAN A
• Application Number:
  US08/760,062
• Time in Patent Office: 1,931 Days
• Field of Search: 340/825.31, 340/825.56, 340/825.69, 340/825.22, 340/825.34, 340/825.57, 340/636, 340/663, 340/5.73, 340/5.21, 307/10.3, 361/171, 361/172, 361/160, 361/139, 235/382, 235/382.5, 235/379, 380/21, 380/23, 380/25, 702/67, 702/71, 702/75, 702/77, 1/1, 710/62
• US Class Current: 340/5.73
• CPC Class Codes: B60R 25/102 a signal being sent to a remote location, e.g. a radio signal being transmitted to a police station, a security company or the owner
• CPC Class Codes: B62H 5/20 indicating unauthorised use, e.g. acting on signalling devices alarm locks in general E05B45/00, e.g. alarm cable or chain lock E05B45/005
• CPC Class Codes: G07C 2009/00793 by Hertzian waves
• CPC Class Codes: G07C 9/00182 operated with unidirectional data transmission between data carrier and locks
• CPC Class Codes: G07C 9/00571 operated by interacting with a central unit
• CPC Class Codes: G07C 9/0069 actuated in a predetermined sequence
• CPC Class Codes: G07C 9/00896 specially adapted for particular uses
• CPC Class Codes: G07C 9/00912 for safes, strong-rooms, vaults or the like
• CPC Class Codes: G07C 9/33 by means of a password
• CPC Class Codes: G07F 7/1008 Active credit-cards provided with means to personalise their use, e.g. with PIN-introduction/comparison system
• CPC Class Codes: G07F 7/1025 Identification of user by a PIN code
• CPC Class Codes: H04Q 1/00 Details of selecting apparatus or arrangements
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 70/7006 Predetermined time interval controlled
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 70/7113 Projected and retracted electrically

Abstract

An electronic lock utilizes two microprocessors remote from each other for enhanced security. The first microprocessor is disposed close to an input device such as a keypad, and the second microprocessor is disposed close to the lock mechanism and well protected from external access. The first microprocessor transmits a communication code to the second microprocessor when it receives via the input device an access code that matches a preset access code. The second microprocessor opens the lock if the transmitted communication code matches a preset communication code. The dual-microprocessor arrangement is advantageously used in a voice controlled access control system and in a motorcycle ignition control system. The present invention further provides an electronic access control system which has a master electronic key having a preset number of access, and an electronic alarm system for a bicycle that has a remote control mounted in the helmet of the rider.

Claims

1. An electronic access control device comprising:

a solenoid coupled to a lock for opening and closing the lock;

an energizing circuit for energizing the solenoid to open the lock;

an input device for inputting a control signal for requesting access;

a control circuit including first and second microprocessors, the second microprocessor being separated from the first microprocessor and shielded from external access, the first microprocessor coupled to the input device for receiving the control signal, the second microprocessor coupled to the energizing circuit for activation thereof, the first microprocessor including means for transmitting a communication code to the second microprocessor in response to the control signal, the second microprocessor including means for comparing the transmitted communication code to a preset communication code and activating the energizing circuit when the transmitted communication code matches the preset communication code, wherein the control circuit controls the energizing circuit to supply sufficient power to energize the solenoid to move a plunger of the solenoid into an open position to allow opening of the lock and then supply a lower non-zero amount of power to energize the solenoid to maintain the plunger in the open position for a preset time.

2. An electronic access control device as in claim 1, further including a transmitter circuit for wireless transmission of the communication code from the first microprocessor to the second microprocessor.

3. An electronic access control device as in claim 1, further including a non-volatile memory for storing the preset communication code and a communication port connected to the control circuit for inserting the preset communication code into the non-volatile memory and retrieving the preset communication code from the non-volatile memory.

4. An electronic access control device as in claim 1, further including:

a battery pack providing electrical energy at a battery voltage;

a voltage regulator receiving the battery voltage and generating a regulated voltage for powering the control circuit; and

a low-battery detection circuit including a voltage divider having an input end connected to the battery voltage and an output end providing an output voltage, a first transistor in series with the voltage divider for controlling current flow through the voltage divider, a second transistor having an input end connected to the regulated voltage and a base connected to the output voltage of the voltage divider, the voltage divider turning the second transistor on when the output voltage of the voltage divider falls below a predetermined voltage,

the control circuit having a control line connected to a base of the first transistor for selectively turning the first transistor on and off, and a sensing line connected to an output end of the second transistor for sensing the on/off state of the second transistor.

5. An electronic access control device as in claim 1, wherein the input device includes a keypad for entering an access code as the control signal.

6. An electronic access control device as in claim 1, wherein the input device includes an electronic key reader for communicating with an electronic key.

7. An electronic access control device as in claim 6, wherein the electronic key has a memory for storing an access code and a number of access, the first microprocessor transmitting the communication code to the second microprocessor in response to detecting the access code in the electronic key when the number of access is at least one and reducing the number of access in the electronic key by one in conjunction with the transmission of the communication code.

8. An electronic access control device as in claim 1, wherein the input device is an ignition switch of a motorcycle having an ignition position and an accessory position, and wherein the first microprocessor transmits the communication code when the ignition switch is set at one of the ignition and accessory positions.

9. An electronic access control device as in claim 1, wherein the first microprocessor is disposed in a portable unit, and wherein the electrical device is a motor disposed in a tool container for locking and unlocking the tool container.

10. A method of assembling an electronic access control device, the access control device having a keypad and a microprocessor-based control circuit including a microprocessor and a non-volatile memory for storing a manufacturer-inserted permanent access code for controlling operation of the access control device, the method comprising:

installing the non-volatile memory in the microprocessor-based control circuit, the non-volatile memory not having said manufacturer-inserted access code stored therein;

installing a communication port connected to the microprocessor-based control circuit for accessing the non-volatile memory, the communication port being distinctive from the keypad;

completing assembling the microprocessor-based control circuit; and

after the completion of the microprocessor-based control circuit, writing said manufacturer-inserted permanent access code to the non-volatile memory through the communication port; and

reading said manufacturer-inserted permanent access code back from the non-volatile memory through the communication port for confirmation.

11. A method as in claim 10, wherein the non-volatile memory is an electrically erasable programmable memory.

12. A method as in claim 11, wherein the non-volatile memory is a FLASH read-write memory.

13. A method as in claim 10, wherein the step of writing said manufacturer-inserted permanent access code includes:

transmitting through the communication port a write command and said manufacturer-inserted permanent access code to the microprocessor; and

inserting, by the microprocessor, said manufacturer-inserted permanent access code into the non-volatile memory.

14. A method as in claim 10, wherein the step of reading said permanent access code written into the non-volatile memory includes:

transmitting a read command through the communication port to the microprocessor;

retrieving, by the microprocessor, said manufacturer-inserted permanent access code from the non-volatile memory; and

sending, by the microprocessor, said manufacturer-inserted permanent access code through the communication port.

15. An electronic access control device comprising:

a microprocessor-based control circuit;

a battery pack providing electrical energy at a battery voltage;

a voltage regulator receiving the battery voltage and generating a regulated voltage for powering the microprocessor-based control circuit; and

a low-battery detection circuit including a voltage divider having an input end connected to the battery voltage and an output end providing an output voltage, a first transistor in series with the voltage divider for controlling current flow through the volt age divider, a second transistor having an input end connected to the regulated voltage and a base connected to the output voltage of the voltage divider, the voltage divider turning the second transistor on when the output voltage of the voltage divider falls below a predetermined voltage,

the control circuit having a control line connected to a base of the first transistor for selectively turning the first transistor on and off, and a sensing line connected to an output end of the second transistor for sensing the on/off state of the second transistor.

16. An electronic access control device as in claim 15, wherein the control circuit includes first and second microprocessors, the second microprocessor being separated from the first microprocessor and shielded from external access, the first microprocessor including means for transmitting a communication code to the second microprocessor in response to receipt of a control signal for requesting access, the second microprocessor including means for comparing the transmitted communication code to a preset communication code.

17. An electronic access control device as in claim 15, wherein the control circuit includes a key reader for detecting an access code and a number of access stored in an electronic key, the control circuit detecting the access code in the electronic key and decrementing the number of access stored in the electronic key by one when the detected access code matches a preset access code and the detected number of access is at least one.

18. An electronic lock comprising:

a lock;

a solenoid coupled to the lock for opening and closing the lock;

a battery having a voltage for providing power to energize the solenoid;

a microprocessor-based control circuit including a driver circuit for energizing the solenoid and a timer, the control circuit controlling the driver circuit to apply the voltage of the battery to the solenoid to supply sufficient power to energize the solenoid to move a plunger of the solenoid into an open position to allow opening of the lock and then to supply a lower non-zero amount of power to energize the solenoid to hold the plunger in the open position until a preset time has elapsed as specified by the timer.

19. An electronic lock as in claim 18, wherein the driver circuit supplies the lower amount of power to energize the solenoid by modulating application of the voltage of battery to the solenoid.

20. A method of assembling an electronic access control device for mounting on a storage device, the access control device having a keypad and a microprocessor-based control circuit including a microprocessor and a non-volatile memory for storing a manufacturer-inserted permanent access code for controlling operation of the access control device, the method comprising:

installing the non-volatile memory in the microprocessor-based control circuit, the non-volatile memory not having said manufacturer-inserted access code stored therein;

installing a communication port connected to the microprocessor-based control circuit for accessing the non-volatile memory, the communication port being distinctive from the keypad;

completing assembling the microprocessor-based control circuit; and

after the completion of the microprocessor-based control circuit, writing said manufacturer-inserted permanent access code to the non-volatile memory through the communication port.

21. A method as in claim 20, wherein the step of writing said manufacturer-inserted permanent access code includes:

transmitting through the communication port a write command and said manufacturer-inserted permanent access code to the microprocessor; and

inserting, by the microprocessor, said manufacturer-inserted permanent access code into the non-volatile memory.