Electrochromic materials with enhanced ultraviolet stability and devices comprising same
First Claim
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1. An electrochromic device, comprising:
- (a) at least one substantially transparent substrate having an electrically conductive material associated therewith;
(b) an electrochromic medium which comprises;
(1) a solvent;
(2) a cathodic electroactive material; and
(3) an anodic electroactive material, wherein at least one of the anodic and cathodic electroactive materials is electrochromic, and further wherein at least one of the anodic and cathodic electroactive materials is at least partially dissolved in the solvent; and
(c) wherein at least one of the anodic and cathodic materials is linked by a bridging unit to an energy receptor site.
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Abstract
Electrochromic devices and materials having enhanced daylight stability are described. The materials have a redox center linked to an energy receptor site that may serve to dissipate excited state energy from the redox center, alternatively the receptor site may absorb harmful radiation prior to the absorption by the redox center.
35 Citations
22 Claims
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1. An electrochromic device, comprising:
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(a) at least one substantially transparent substrate having an electrically conductive material associated therewith;
(b) an electrochromic medium which comprises;
(1) a solvent;
(2) a cathodic electroactive material; and
(3) an anodic electroactive material, wherein at least one of the anodic and cathodic electroactive materials is electrochromic, and further wherein at least one of the anodic and cathodic electroactive materials is at least partially dissolved in the solvent; and
(c) wherein at least one of the anodic and cathodic materials is linked by a bridging unit to an energy receptor site. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10)
wherein R1 is independently selected from alkyl C1 to C20, alkynl C2 to C20, and aryl C5 to C20; and
may optionally contain one or more of an ester, ether, aryl, amine, urethane, ammonium, thioester, alkene, and alkyne functional group, and additionally may function as a bridge to an energy receptor site;
wherein R2 is independently selected from alkyl C1 to C10, alkyl C2 to C10, aryl C5 to C20, and may optionally contain one or more of an ester, ether, aryl, amine, urethane, ammonium, thioester, alkene, and alkyne functional groups, and additionally may function as a bridge to an energy receptor site;
wherein R3 is independently selected from alkyl C1 to C5 or an ethyl, propyl or ethylene bridge;
wherein n=0-4 and wherein m=0-2.
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5. The electrochromic device according to claim 4, wherein the cathodic electroactive material comprises:
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6. The electrochromic device according to claim 1, wherein the anodic electroactive material comprises an azine group containing compound.
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7. The electrochromic device according to claim 1, wherein the anodic electroactive material is selected from at least one of the group comprising:
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wherein X and Y are independently selected from N, NR1, S, and O;
wherein R1 independently is selected from alkyl C1 to C20, alkynl C2 to C20, and aryl C5 to C20; and
may optionally contain one or more of an ester, ether, aryl, amine, urethane, ammonium, thioester, alkene, and alkyne functional group, etc, and additionally may function as a bridge to an energy receptor site;
wherein R2 is independently selected from alkyl C1 to C10, alkyl C2 to C10, aryl C5 to C20,and may optionally contain one or more of an ester, ether, aryl, amine, urethane, ammonium, thioester, alkene, and alkyne functional group, and additionally may function as a bridge to an energy receptor site;
wherein n=0-4; and
wherein m=0-2.
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8. The electrochromic device according to claim 7, wherein the anodic electroactive material comprises:
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9. The electrochromic device according to claim 1, wherein energy receptor site is selected from at least one of the group comprising:
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wherein R1 is independently selected from alkly C1 to C20, alkynl C2 to C20, and aryl C5 to C20; and
may optionally contain one or more of an ester, ether, aryl, amine, urethane, ammonium, thioester, alkene, and alkyne functional group, and additionally may function as a bridge to an energy receptor site;
wherein n=0-4; and
wherein k=0-5.
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10. The electrochromic device according to claim 1, wherein energy receptor site is selected from at least one of the group comprising 2-hydroxybenzotriazoles, diphenylcyanoacrylates, 2-hyrdoxybenzophenones, and combinations thereof.
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11. An electrochromic device, comprising:
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(a) a first substantially transparent substrate having an electrically conductive material associated therewith;
(b) a second substantially transparent substrate having an electrically conductive material associated therewith, (c) an electrochromic medium contained within a chamber positioned between the first and second substrates which comprises;
(1) a solvent;
(2) a cathodic electroactive material; and
(3) an anodic electroactive material, wherein at least one of the anodic and cathodic electroactive materials is electrochromic, and further wherein at least one of the anodic and cathodic electroactive materials is at least partially dissolved in the solvent; and
(d) wherein at least one of the anodic and cathodic materials is linked by a bridging unit to an energy receptor site. - View Dependent Claims (12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20)
wherein R1 is independently selected from alkyl C1 to C20, alkynl C2 to C20, and aryl C5 to C20; and
may optionally contain one or more of an ester, ether, aryl, amine, urethane, ammonium, thioester, alkene, and alkyne functional group, and additionally may function as a bridge to an energy receptor site;
wherein R2 is independently selected from alkyl C1 to C10, alkyl C2 to C10, aryl C5 to C20, and may optionally contain one or more of an ester, ether, aryl, amine, urethane, ammonium, thioester, alkene, and alkyne functional groups, and additionally may function as a bridge to an energy receptor site;
wherein R3 is independently selected from alkyl C1 to C5 or an ethyl, propyl or ethylene bridge;
wherein n=0-4; and
wherein m=0-2.
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15. The electrochromic device according to claim 14, wherein the cathodic electroactive material comprises:
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16. The electrochromic device according to claim 11, wherein the anodic electroactive material comprises an azine group containing compound.
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17. The electrochromic device according to claim 11, wherein the anodic electroactive material is selected from at least one of the group comprising:
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wherein X and Y are independently selected from N, NR1, S, and O;
wherein R1 is independently selected from alkyl C1 to C20, alkynl C2 to C20, and aryl C5 to C20; and
may optionally contain one or more of an ester, ether, aryl, amine, urethane, ammonium, thioester, alkene, and alkyne functional group, etc, and additionally may function as a bridge to an energy receptor site;
wherein R2 is indepenedently selected from alkyl C1 to C10, alkyl C2 to C10, aryl C5 to C20, and may optionally contain one or more of an ester, ether, aryl, amine, urethane, ammonium, thioester, alkene, and alkyne functional group, and additionally may function as a bridge to an energy receptor site;
wherein n=0-4; and
wherein m=0-2.
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18. The electrochromic device according to claim 17, wherein the anodic electroactive material comprises:
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19. The electrochromic device according to claim 11, wherein energy receptor site is selected from at least one of the group comprising:
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wherein R1 is independently selected from alkyl C1 to C20, alkynl C2 to C20,and aryl C5 to C20; and
may optionally contain one or more of an ester, ether, aryl, amine, urethane, ammonium, thioester, alkene, and alkyne functional group, and additionally may function as a bridge to an energy receptor site;
wherein n=0-4; and
wherein k=0-5.
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20. The electrochromic device according to claim 11, wherein energy receptor site is selected from at least one of the group comprising 2-hydroxybenzotriazoles, diphenylcyanoacrylates, 2-hyrdoxybenzophenones, and combinations thereof.
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21. An electrochromic device, comprising:
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(a) a first substantially transparent substrate having an electrically conductive material associated therewith;
(b) a second substantially transparent substrate having an electrically conductive material associated therewith, (c) an electrochromic medium contained within a chamber positioned between the first and second substrates which comprises;
(1) a solvent;
(2) a cathodic electroactive material; and
(3) an anodic electroactive material, wherein at least one of the anodic and cathodic electroactive materials is electrochromic, and further wherein at least one of the anodic and cathodic electroactive materials is at least partially dissolved in the solvent; and
(d) stabilization means associated with the electrochromic device for exhibiting enhanced stability against harmful radiation relative to an electrochromic device without such stabilization means. - View Dependent Claims (22)
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Specification