Single element antenna apparatus

• US 6,437,756 B1
• Filed: 01/02/2001
• Issued: 08/20/2002
• Est. Priority Date: 01/02/2001
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Time Domain Corporation (Humatics Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Time Domain Corporation (Humatics Corporation)
• Inventors: Schantz, Hans Gregory
• Primary Examiner(s): Wong, Don
• Assistant Examiner(s): CHEN, SHIH CHAO
• Application Number:
  US09/753,244
• Publication Number:
  US 20020118141A1
• Time in Patent Office: 595 Days
• Field of Search: 343/702, 343/741, 343/743, 343/744, 343/866, 343/870
• US Class Current: 343/866
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 7/00 Loop antennas with a substantially uniform current distribution around the loop and having a directional radiation pattern in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the loop
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 9/42 with folded element, the folded parts being spaced apart a small fraction of the operating wavelength
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 9/43 Scimitar antennas
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 2001/6908 using time hopping

Abstract

An antenna for transferring electromagnetic energy includes: (a) a ground element in a ground plane; (b) a transceiver element in a transceiver plane that intersects the ground element at a first end in a joint having a first terminus and a second terminus; and (c) a feed structure that conveys the electromagnetic energy intermediate the transceiver and the host device. A first transceiver edge departs from the joint in a first path in a first direction. A second transceiver edge departs from the joint in a second path in the first direction. Each edge includes at least a first edge sector having a first radius and a second edge sector having a second radius. The radii define a separation between the edge sectors. The first and second edge terminate in a terminal structure at a second end that is spaced from the ground element to establish a gap.

Claims

1. An apparatus for transferring electromagnetic energy intermediate a host device and a medium substantially adjacent to the apparatus;

the apparatus comprising;

(a) at least one ground element;

at least a portion of said at least one ground element being generally coplanar with a ground plane;

(b) at least one radiating element;

said at least one radiating element being electrically coupled with said at least one ground element at said ground plane at a first end and being in spaced relation from said ground plane at a second end;

said at least one radiating element cooperating with said at least one ground element in effecting said transferring;

said at least one radiating element being substantially coplanar with a radiator plane;

said radiator plane being substantially perpendicular with said ground plane; and

(c) a feed structure;

said feed structure conveying said electromagnetic energy intermediate said host device and said radiating element;

said at least one radiating element being bounded in said radiator plane generally by a first sector of a first circle having a first radius and a second sector of a second circle having a second radius;

said first radius and said second radius differing by a radial difference;

said first circle and said second circle being generally concentrically situated;

said first sector and said second sector being joined at said second end in a terminal structure.

2. An apparatus for transferring electromagnetic energy intermediate a host device and a medium substantially adjacent to the apparatus as recited in claim 1 wherein said terminal structure is a generally circular arc-section having a diameter at least equal to said radial difference.

3. An apparatus for transferring electromagnetic energy intermediate a host device and a medium substantially adjacent to the apparatus as recited in claim 1 wherein said feed structure effects a ground connection with said at lest one ground element and connects a signal bearing conductor with said radiating element.

4. An apparatus for transferring electromagnetic energy intermediate a host device and a medium substantially adjacent to the apparatus as recited in claim 2 wherein said feed structure effects a ground connection with said at least one ground element and connects a signal bearing conductor with said radiating element.

5. An antenna for transferring electromagnetic energy intermediate a host device and a medium adjacent the antenna;

the antenna comprising;

(a) a ground element;

at least a portion of said ground element being generally coplanar with a ground plane;

(b) a substantially planar transceiver element substantially coplanar with a transceiver plane;

said transceiver element intersecting said ground element at a first end in a joint;

said joint having a first terminus and a second terminus defining a joint length;

a first edge of said transceiver element departing from said first terminus in a first arcuate path in a first direction from said ground plane;

a second edge of said transceiver element departing from said second terminus in a second arcuate path generally in said first direction;

said first edge and said second edge each including at least one arc-set;

each respective arc-set of said at least one arc-set including a first arc having a first radius describing a respective first edge sector of said first edge and a second arc having a second radius describing a respective second edge sector of said second edge;

said first edge sector and said second edge sector of each said respective arc-set being generally concentric;

said first radius and said second radius defining a radial separation between said first edge sector and said second edge sector;

said first edge and said second edge terminating in a terminal structure at a second end distal from said first end;

said terminal structure being in spaced relation with respect to said ground element to establish a gap intermediate said transceiver element and said ground element; and

(c) a feed structure;

said feed structure conveying said electromagnetic energy intermediate said transceiver element and said host device.

6. An antenna for transferring electromagnetic energy intermediate a host device and a medium adjacent the antenna as recited in claim 5 wherein said terminal structure is a generally circular arc-section intersecting said first edge and said second edge;

said arc-section having a diameter at least equal to said radial separation intermediate said first edge and said second edge at said second end.

7. An antenna for transferring electromagnetic energy intermediate a host device and a medium adjacent the antenna as recited in claim 5 wherein said feed structure effects a ground connection with said ground element and connects a signal bearing conductor with said transceiver element.

8. An antenna for transferring electromagnetic energy intermediate a host device and a medium adjacent the antenna as recited in claim 6 wherein said feed structure effects a ground connection with said ground element and connects a signal bearing conductor with said transceiver element.

9. An antenna for transferring electromagnetic energy intermediate a host device and a medium adjacent to the antenna;

the antenna comprising;

(a) a ground element;

at least a portion of said ground element being generally coplanar with a ground plane;

(b) a substantially planar transceiver element generally coplanar with a transceiver plane;

said transceiver element intersecting said ground element at a first end in a joint;

said joint having a first terminus and a second terminus defining a joint length;

a first edge of said transceiver element departing from said first terminus in a first arcuate path in a first direction from said ground plane;

a second edge of said transceiver element departing from said second terminus in a second arcuate path generally in said first direction;

said first edge and said second edge each including at least one arc-set;

each respective arc-set of said at least one arc-set including a first arc having a first radius describing a respective first edge sector of said first edge and a second arc having a second radius describing a respective second edge sector of said second edge;

said first radius and said second radius defining a transverse separation between said first edge sector and said second edge sector;

said first edge and said second edge terminating in a terminal structure at a second end distal from said first end;

said terminal structure being in spaced relation with respect to said ground element to establish a gap intermediate said transceiver element and said ground element; and

(c) a feed structure;

said feed structure conveying said electromagnetic energy intermediate said transceiver element and said host device.

10. An antenna for transferring electromagnetic energy intermediate a host device and a medium adjacent the antenna as recited in claim 9 wherein said terminal structure is a generally circular arc-section intersecting said first edge and said second edge;

said arc-section having a diameter at least equal to said transverse separation intermediate said first edge and said second edge at said second end.

11. An antenna for transferring electromagnetic energy intermediate a host device and a medium adjacent the antenna as recited in claim 9 wherein said feed structure effects a ground connection with said ground element and connects a signal bearing conductor with said transceiver element.

12. An antenna for transferring electromagnetic energy intermediate a host device and a medium adjacent the antenna as recited in claim 10 wherein said feed structure effects a ground connection with said ground element and connects a signal bearing conductor with said transceiver element.

13. An antenna for effecting transfer of electromagnetic signals intermediate a host device and a medium adjacent to the antenna;

said electromagnetic signals having a range of frequencies intermediate a high-limit frequency and a low-limit frequency;

the antenna comprising;

(a) a ground element;

at least a portion of said ground element being generally coplanar with a ground plane;

(b) a substantially planar transceiver element substantially coplanar with a transceiver plane;

said transceiver element intersecting said ground element at a first end in a joint;

said joint having a first terminus and a second terminus defining a joint length;

a first edge of said transceiver element departing from said first terminus in a first arcuate path in a first direction from said ground element;

a second edge of said transceiver element departing from said second terminus in a second arcuate path generally in said first direction;

said first arcuate path extending a first path length and terminating at a second end of said transceiver element distal from said first end;

said second arcuate path extending a second path length and terminating at said second end;

said first path length being related to a first wavelength of one frequency of said high-limit frequency and said low-limit frequency;

said second path length being related to a second wavelength of the other frequency of said high-limit frequency and said low-limit frequency than said one frequency;

said first edge and said second edge terminating in a terminal structure at said second end;

said first edge and said second edge being separated by a transverse distance at said second end; and

(c) a feed structure;

said feed structure conveying said electromagnetic signal intermediate said transceiver element and said host device.

14. An antenna for effecting transfer of electromagnetic signals intermediate a host device and a medium adjacent to the antenna as recited in claim 13 wherein said transceiver plane is substantially perpendicular with said ground plane.

15. An antenna for effecting transfer of electromagnetic signals intermediate a host device and a medium adjacent to the antenna as recited in claim 13 wherein said terminal structure is a generally circular arc-section having a diameter at least equal to said transverse distance.

16. An antenna for effecting transfer of electromagnetic signals intermediate a host device and a medium adjacent to the antenna as recited in claim 14 wherein said terminal structure is a generally circular arc-section having a diameter at least equal to said transverse distance.

17. An antenna for effecting transfer of electromagnetic signals intermediate a host device and a medium adjacent to the antenna as recited in claim 13 wherein said feed structure effects a ground connection with said ground element and connects a signal bearing conductor with said radiating element.

18. An antenna for effecting transfer of electromagnetic signals intermediate a host device and a medium adjacent to the antenna as recited in claim 14 wherein said feed structure effects a ground connection with said ground element and connects a signal bearing conductor with said radiating element.

19. An antenna for effecting transfer of electromagnetic signals intermediate a host device and a medium adjacent to the antenna as recited in claim 15 wherein said feed structure effects a ground connection with said ground element and connects a signal bearing conductor with said radiating element.

20. An antenna for effecting transfer of electromagnetic signals intermediate a host device and a medium adjacent to the antenna as recited in claim 16 wherein said feed structure effects a ground connection with said ground element and connects a signal bearing conductor with said radiating element.

21. An antenna for effecting transfer of electromagnetic signals intermediate a host device and a medium adjacent to the antenna;

said electromagnetic signals having a range of frequencies intermediate a high-limit frequency and a low-limit frequency;

the antenna comprising;

(a) at least one ground element;

at least a portion of said at least one ground element being generally coplanar with at least one ground plane;

(b) at least one substantially planar transceiver element;

at least a portion of said at least one transceiver element being generally coplanar with at least one transceiver plane;

a selected said transceiver element of said at least one transceiver element intersecting a selected ground element of said at least one ground element at a respective first end in a respective joint;

said respective joint having a respective first terminus and a respective second terminus defining a respective joint length;

a respective first edge of said selected transceiver element departing from said respective first terminus in a respective first arcuate path in a respective first direction from said selected ground element;

a respective second edge of said selected transceiver element departing from said respective second terminus in a respective second arcuate path generally in said respective first direction;

said respective first arcuate path extending a respective first path length and terminating at a respective second end of said selected transceiver element distal from said respective first end;

said respective second arcuate path extending a respective second path length and terminating at said respective second end;

said respective first arcuate path and said respective second arcuate path being non-intersecting paths along said respective first path length and said respective second path length;

said respective first path length being related to a first wavelength of one frequency of said high-limit frequency and said low-limit frequency;

said respective second path length being related to a second wavelength of the other frequency of said high-limit frequency and said low-limit frequency than said one frequency;

said respective first edge and said respective second edge terminating in a respective terminal structure at said respective second end;

said respective first edge and said respective second edge being separated by a respective transverse distance at said respective second end; and

(c) a feed structure;

said feed structure conveying said electromagnetic signal intermediate said respective transceiver element and said host device.

22. An antenna for effecting transfer of electromagnetic signals intermediate a host device and a medium adjacent to the antenna;

the antenna comprising;

(a) at least one ground element;

at least a portion of said at least one ground element being generally coplanar with at least one ground plane;

(b) at least one substantially planar transceiver element;

at least a portion of said at least one transceiver element being generally coplanar with at least one transceiver plane;

a selected said transceiver element of said at least one transceiver element intersecting a selected ground element of said at least one ground element at a respective first end in a respective joint;

said respective joint having a respective first terminus and a respective second terminus defining a respective joint length;

a respective first edge of said selected transceiver element departing from said respective first terminus in a respective first arcuate path in a respective first direction from said selected ground element;

a respective second edge of said selected transceiver element departing from said respective second terminus in a respective second arcuate path generally in said respective first direction;

said respective first arcuate path extending a respective first path length and terminating at a respective second end of said selected transceiver element distal from said respective first end;

said respective second arcuate path extending a respective second path length and terminating at said respective second end;

said respective first arcuate path and said respective second arcuate path being non-intersecting paths along said respective first path length and said respective second path length;

said respective first edge and said respective second edge terminating in a respective terminal structure at said respective second end;

said respective first edge and said respective second edge being separated by a respective transverse distance at said respective second end; and

(c) a feed structure;

said feed structure conveying said electromagnetic signal intermediate said respective transceiver element and said host device.

23. An antenna for effecting transfer of electromagnetic signals intermediate a host device and a medium adjacent to the antenna;

the antenna comprising;

(a) at least one ground element;

(b) at least one substantially planar transceiver element;

at least a portion of said at least one transceiver element being generally coplanar with at least one transceiver plane;

a selected said transceiver element of said at least one transceiver element intersecting a selected ground element of said at least one ground element at a respective first end in a respective joint;

said respective joint having a respective first terminus and a respective second terminus defining a respective joint length;

a respective first edge of said selected transceiver element departing from said respective first terminus in a respective first arcuate path in a respective first direction from said selected ground element;

a respective second edge of said selected transceiver element departing from said respective second terminus in a respective second arcuate path generally in said respective first direction;

said respective first arcuate path extending a respective first path length and terminating at a respective second end of said selected transceiver element distal from said respective first end;

said respective second arcuate path extending a respective second path length and terminating at said respective second end;

said respective first arcuate path and said respective second arcuate path being non-intersecting paths along said respective first path length and said respective second path length;

said respective first edge and said respective second edge terminating in a respective terminal structure at said respective second end;

said respective first edge and said respective second edge being separated by a respective transverse distance at said respective second end;

and

(c) a feed structure;

said feed structure conveying said electromagnetic signal intermediate said respective transceiver element and said host device.

24. An antenna for effecting transfer of electromagnetic signals intermediate a host device and a medium adjacent to the antenna as recited in claim 23 wherein said at least one ground element is a substantially parabolic ground element.

25. An antenna for effecting transfer of electromagnetic signals intermediate a host device and a medium adjacent to the antenna as recited in claim 23 wherein said at least one ground element is a substantially hemispheric ground element.