Beam forming and switching architecture

• US 6,463,303 B1
• Filed: 01/11/2000
• Issued: 10/08/2002
• Est. Priority Date: 01/11/2000
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Kathrein SE
• Original Assignee: Metawave Communications Corp.
• Inventors: Zhao, Aiguo
• Primary Examiner(s): TO, DORIS HA
• Application Number:
  US09/481,466
• Time in Patent Office: 1,001 Days
• Field of Search: 455/403, 455/561, 455/562, 455/129, 455/272, 455/276.1, 342/354, 342/368
• US Class Current: 455/562.1
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/0617 for beam forming
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/0695 using beam selection
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/086 using weights depending on external parameters, e.g. direction of arrival [DOA], predetermined weights or beamforming
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/088 using beam selection

Abstract

Disclosed is a system and method providing beam forming and selection to provide desired signals to/from signal processing devices such as cell site modems. Systems of the present invention are operable with multi-beam antenna arrays to utilize antenna beams provided by the multi-beam antenna array and to form antenna beams which supplement the antenna beams formed by the multi-beam antenna array. Additionally, systems of the present invention are operable with adaptive array antennas to form antenna beams having desired characteristics. Preferably, predefined sets of beam forming weighting characteristics are utilized to provide a hybrid adaptive beam forming technique wherein antenna beams having predetermined characteristics may be rapidly selected and formed. Additionally, dynamically determined sets of beam forming weighting characteristics may be utilized to provide additional antenna beams having other desired characteristics.

Claims

1. A wireless communication system comprising:

an antenna array having a plurality of signal transducers disposed in a predetermined relationship;

a signal processing device;

a controllable signal path coupling said antenna array to said signal processing device, wherein said controllable signal path provides weighting of signal components communicated between said antenna array and said signal processing device to thereby provide antenna beam forming, wherein said controllable signal path utilizes at least one set of a plurality of predetermined sets of weighting components each associated with an antenna beam predetermined to provide desired communication characteristics using said antenna array; and

a controller coupled to said controllable signal path, wherein said controller monitors at least one attribute of communications provided by said system, wherein said controller selectively provides said controllable signal path with said at least one set of weighting components in response to said at least one monitored communication attribute, wherein said controller dynamically determines at least one set of weighting components in addition to said plurality of predetermined sets of weighting components in response to said at least one monitored communication attribute, wherein said additional set of weighting components is utilized to define an antenna beam supplemental to the predetermined antenna beams associated with the plurality of sets of weighting components.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein said controllable signal path comprises:

a forward link controllable signal path portion; and

a reverse link controllable signal path portion.

3. The system of claim 2, wherein each of said forward link controllable signal path portion and said reverse link controllable signal path portion is provided a different interface with said antenna array.

4. The system of claim 3, wherein said antenna array interface associated with one of said forward link controllable signal path portion and said reverse link controllable signal path portion is associated with a beam forming matrix and said antenna array interface associated with the other one of said forward link controllable signal path portion and said reverse link controllable signal path portion is not associated with a beam forming matrix.

5. The system of claim 3, wherein said antenna array interface associated with said forward link controllable signal path portion is coupled to a first portion of said antenna array, and wherein said antenna array interface associated with said reverse link controllable signal path portion is coupled to a second portion of said antenna array.

6. The system of claim 1, wherein said at least one monitored communication attribute is an estimate of a signal interference ratio.

7. The system of claim 1, wherein said controller comprises:

statistical analysis circuitry, wherein said additional set of weighting components is utilized to replace a set of weighting components of said predetermined set of weighting components statistically determined to be undesirable.

8. The system of claim 1, wherein said controllable signal path is operable with both a multi-beam antenna array and an adaptive array antenna, and wherein said controller is provided information with respect to said antenna array coupled to said controllable signal path for use in determining a proper set of weighting components for use therewith.

9. The system of claim 1, wherein said antenna array is a multi-beam array having beam forming functionality associated therewith.

10. The system of claim 9, wherein ones of said sets of weighting components are associated with an antenna beam predetermined to provide communications within a cusping area between antenna beams provided by said beam forming functionality of said multi-beam array, thereby providing cusp antenna beams.

11. The system of claim 10, wherein said cusp antenna beams are formed by said controllable signal path utilizing weighting components applied to signals associated with said antenna beams provided by said beam forming functionality of said multi-beam array.

12. The system of claim 9, wherein said multi-beam array comprises:

a multi-beam panel antenna.

13. The system of claim 9, wherein said multi-beam array comprises:

a conical multi-beam antenna.

14. The system of claim 1, wherein said signal processing device is a modem.

15. The system of claim 14, wherein said modem is coupled to a network to provide communication between a wireless subscriber unit and said network.

16. The system of claim 14, wherein said modem is a cell site modem having three sector interfaces.

17. The system of claim 16, wherein said controllable signal path comprises:

a reverse link signal path operable to provide six antenna beam signals to said cell site modem sector interfaces.

18. The system of claim 16, wherein said controllable signal path comprises:

a forward link signal path operable to accept three signals from said cell site modem sector interfaces and provide beam forming operations thereon.

19. A method for providing wireless communications comprising the steps of:

determining a plurality of sets of weighting components useful in forming antenna beams predetermined to be desirable in conducting a substantial number of communications;

utilizing ones of said predetermined sets of weighting components in providing wireless communications;

monitoring at least one attribute of said wireless communications;

determining at least one set of weighting components useful in forming an antenna beam to supplement said predetermined antenna beams at least in part with reference to information obtained from said monitoring step; and

utilizing said at least one set of weighting components in providing wireless communications to improve said at least one attribute monitored in said monitoring step.

20. The method of claim 19, further comprising the steps of:

selecting an antenna array to utilize in conducting communications, wherein said antenna array is selected from the group consisting of multi-beam arrays and adaptive array antennas; and

providing information with respect to said selected antenna to control circuitry operable to determine said at least one set of weighting components.

21. The method of claim 19, wherein said step of determining a plurality of sets of weighting components comprises the steps of:

determining an undesired aspect associated with the use of antenna beams of a multi-beam antenna; and

determining antenna beam configurations suitable for redressing said undesired aspect, wherein ones of said predetermined antenna beams include said determined antenna beam configurations.

22. The method of claim 21, wherein said undesired aspect associated with the use of antenna beams of a multi-beam antenna is a cusp between antenna beams of said multi-beam antenna.

23. A system for providing antenna beam forming comprising:

a multi-beam antenna array having a plurality of antenna interfaces associated with a plurality of predetermined primary antenna beams of said multi-beam antenna array; and

a first beam former circuit coupled to ones of said plurality of antenna interfaces, wherein said first beam former utilizes signal weighting component information with primary antenna beam signals associated with said plurality of primary antenna beams to thereby provide a first plurality of supplemental antenna beams in addition to said plurality of primary antenna beams.

24. The system of claim 23, further comprising:

a beam selector circuit coupled to said first beam former circuit, wherein said beam selector circuit operates to select ones of said plurality of primary antenna beams and ones of said first plurality of supplemental antenna beams for use in providing communications.

25. The system of claim 24, wherein said first beam former circuit comprises:

means for splitting antenna beam signals of said plurality of primary antenna beams to thereby provide antenna beam signal components;

means for adjusting a phase relationship of ones of said antenna beam signal components according to said signal weighting component information to thereby provide phase adjusted antenna beam signal components; and

means for combining ones of said phase adjusted antenna beam signal components to provide supplemental antenna beam signals associated with said first plurality of supplemental antenna beams.

26. The system of claim 24, further comprising:

a second beam former circuit coupled to ones of said plurality of antenna interfaces, wherein said second beam former utilizes signal weighting component information with primary antenna beam signals associated with said plurality of primary antenna beams to thereby provide a second plurality of supplemental antenna beams.

27. The system of claim 26, wherein said first beam former circuit is disposed in a receive signal path and said second beam former circuit is disposed in a transmit signal path.

28. The system of claim 27, wherein said second beam former circuit comprises:

means for splitting transmit signals provided to said second beam former circuit to thereby provide transmit signal components;

means for adjusting a phase relationships of ones of said transmit signal components according to said signal weighting component information to thereby provide phase adjusted transmit signal components; and

means for combining ones of said phase adjusted transmit signal components to provide supplemental antenna beam signals associated with said second plurality of supplemental antenna beams.

29. The system of claim 26, wherein control of formation of said first plurality of supplemental antenna beams is independent of control of formation of said second plurality of supplemental antenna beams.

30. The system of claim 23, wherein said signal weighting component information includes sets of signal weighting component information associated with predetermined supplemental antenna beams of said first plurality of supplemental antenna beams determined to redress disadvantages associated with said plurality of primary antenna beams.

31. The system of claim 30, wherein said predetermined supplemental antenna beams provide communication within cusping areas between ones of said plurality of primary antenna beams.

32. The system of claim 23, further comprising:

a controller providing signal weighting component information to said first beam former circuit.

33. The system of claim 32, wherein said controller comprises:

sets of signal weighting component information associated with predetermined supplemental antenna beams determined to redress disadvantages associated with said plurality of primary antenna beams; and

circuitry dynamically determining sets of signal weighting component information based on monitored communication attributes to define supplemental antenna beams of said first plurality of supplemental antenna beams in addition to said predetermined supplemental antenna beams.

34. The system of claim 23, wherein said multi-beam antenna comprises:

a beam forming matrix coupled to antenna elements of said multi-beam antenna, wherein ones of said antenna interfaces are associated with interfaces of said beam forming matrix.

35. The system of claim 34, wherein said beam forming matrix is a Butler matrix.

36. The system of claim 34, wherein said multi-beam antenna array comprises:

a plurality of multi-beam antenna panels, wherein said beam forming matrix is associated with a multi-beam antenna panel of said plurality of multi-beam antenna panels.

37. The system of claim 34, wherein said antenna elements of said multi-beam antenna array are disposed in a circular arrangement.

38. A method for providing antenna beam forming comprising the steps of:

deploying a multi-beam antenna array having a plurality of antenna interfaces associated with a plurality of predetermined primary antenna beams of said multi-beam antenna array;

determining a plurality of sets of weighting components useful in forming a plurality of supplemental antenna beams suitable for redressing an undesired aspect associated with said plurality of primary antenna beams; and

operating a first beam former coupled to ones of said plurality of antenna interfaces to form said plurality of supplemental antenna beams utilizing sets of weighting components of said plurality of sets.

39. The method of claim 38, further comprising the step of:

selecting an antenna beam subset to utilize in conducting communications, wherein said antenna beam subset is selected from said plurality of primary antenna beams and said plurality of supplemental antenna beams.

40. The method of claim 39, wherein said selecting step comprises the steps of:

monitoring a signal associated with each antenna beam of said plurality of primary antenna beams and said plurality of supplemental antenna beams; and

selecting ones of said plurality of primary antenna beams and said plurality of supplemental antenna beams having a most desired characteristic.

41. The method of claim 40, wherein said most desired characteristic is a lowest estimate of a signal interference ratio.

42. The method of claim 38, further comprising the steps of:

monitoring at least one attribute of wireless communications conducted using ones of said plurality of primary antenna beams and said plurality of supplemental antenna beams;

determining at least one set of weighting components useful in forming an antenna beam to further supplement said predetermined antenna beams at least in part with reference to information obtained from said monitoring step; and

utilizing said at least one set of weighting components in providing wireless communications to improve said at least one attribute monitored in said monitoring step.

43. A system for providing antenna beam forming comprising:

an adaptive array antenna having a plurality of antenna interfaces;

a first beam former circuit coupled to ones of said plurality of antenna interfaces, wherein said first beam former utilizes predetermined sets of signal weighting component information with signals of said plurality of interfaces to thereby provide a plurality of predetermined antenna beams, and wherein said first beam former utilizes dynamically determined sets of signal weighting component information with signals of said plurality of interfaces to thereby provide a plurality of dynamically determined antenna beams; and

a beam selector circuit coupled to said first beam former circuit, wherein said beam selector circuit operates to select ones of said predetermined antenna beams and ones of said plurality of dynamically determined antenna beams for use in providing communications.

44. The system of claim 43, further comprising:

a second beam former circuit coupled to ones of said plurality of antenna interfaces, wherein said second beam former utilizes predetermined sets of signal weighting component information with signals of said plurality of interfaces to thereby provide a plurality of predetermined antenna beams, and wherein said second beam former utilizes dynamically determined sets of signal weighting component information with signals of said plurality of interfaces to thereby provide a plurality of dynamically determined antenna beams.

45. The system of claim 44, wherein said first beam former circuit is disposed in a receive signal path and said second beam former circuit is disposed in a transmit signal path.

46. The system of claim 43, wherein said predetermined antenna beams provide communication within a plurality of substantially equal regions of a service area.

47. The system of claim 46, wherein said dynamically determined antenna beams are determined to redress disadvantages associated with said predetermined antenna beams.

48. The system of claim 47, wherein a disadvantage associated with said predetermined antenna beams redressed by at least one dynamically determined antenna beam is service of a cusp between ones of said predetermined antenna beams.

49. The system of claim 47, wherein a disadvantage associated with said predetermined antenna beams redressed by at least one dynamically determined antenna beam is an interference source disposed in at least one of said predetermined antenna beams.

50. The system of claim 43, further comprising:

a controller providing signal weighting component information to said first beam former circuit.

51. A wireless communication system comprising:

an antenna array having a plurality of signal transducers disposed in a predetermined relationship;

a signal processing device; and

a controllable signal path coupling said antenna array to said signal processing device, wherein said controllable signal path provides weighting of signal components communicated between said antenna array and said signal processing device to thereby provide antenna beam forming, wherein said controllable signal path utilizes at least one set of a plurality of predetermined sets of weighting components each associated with an antenna beam predetermined to provide desired communication characteristics using said antenna array, wherein said controllable signal path comprises a forward link controllable signal path portion and a reverse link controllable signal path portion, wherein each of said forward link controllable signal path portion and said reverse link controllable signal path portion is provided a different interface with said antenna array, and wherein said antenna array interface associated with one of said forward link controllable signal path portion and said reverse link controllable signal path portion is associated with a beam forming matrix and said antenna array interface associated with the other one of said forward link controllable signal path portion and said reverse link controllable signal path portion is not associated with a beam forming matrix.