Cladding member for optical fibers and optical fibers formed with the cladding member

• US 6,483,973 B1
• Filed: 03/31/2000
• Issued: 11/19/2002
• Est. Priority Date: 04/09/1999
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Lucent Technologies, Inc. (Nokia Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Fitel USA Corporation
• Inventors: Tankala, Kanishka, Smith, Malcolm, Prohaska, John D, Mazzarese, David J
• Primary Examiner(s): Sanghavi, Hemang
• Application Number:
  US09/541,040
• Time in Patent Office: 963 Days
• Field of Search: 385/123-128, 385/141, 385/142, 385/144, 385/146, 372/6, 372/26, 359/245
• US Class Current: 385/123
• CPC Class Codes: C03B 2201/10 doped with boron C03B2201/14 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: C03B 2201/12 doped with fluorine C03B2201/14 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: C03B 2201/28 doped with phosphorus
• CPC Class Codes: C03B 2201/31 doped with germanium
• CPC Class Codes: C03B 2201/34 doped with rare earth metals, i.e. with Sc, Y or lanthanides, e.g. for laser-amplifiers
• CPC Class Codes: C03B 2201/36 doped with rare earth metals and aluminium, e.g. Er-Al co-doped
• CPC Class Codes: C03B 2203/12 Non-circular or non-elliptical cross-section, e.g. planar core
• CPC Class Codes: C03B 2203/30 Polarisation maintaining [PM], i.e. birefringent products, e.g. with elliptical core, by use of stress rods, "PANDA" type fibres
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 3/06708 Constructional details of the fibre, e.g. compositions, cross-section, shape or tapering optical fibres as passive waveguides G02B6/02
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 3/06729 Peculiar transverse fibre profile
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 3/1691 characterised by additives / sensitisers / promoters as further dopants

Abstract

The present invention provides an optical fiber for use in fiber lasers and amplifiers wherein the optical fiber has a core member surrounded by a cladding member for receiving pump energy and transferring the pump energy to the core member. The optical fiber also has an outer layer surrounding the cladding member. The cladding member has a circular exterior periphery and a predetermined refractive index (n_c). The cladding member has an index modified region that directs light to the core member. The index modified region has a stress field portion with a predetermined refractive index (n_s). The difference between the refractive index of the cladding member and that of the stress field portion (n_c−n_s) is within such a range that the stress field portion does not affect the polarization properties of the light traveling in the core member. Preferably, the difference between the refractive index of the cladding member and that of the stress field portion (n_c−n_s) is less than 10⁻⁴, and more preferably 10⁻⁵.

Claims

1. An optical fiber suitable for use in fiber lasers and amplifiers, comprising:

a center core member;

a first cladding member surrounding the center core member and arranged for receiving pump light energy to be transferred to the core member, the first cladding member being substantially circular in cross-section and having a predetermined refractive index (n_c);

one or more index modified regions formed in the cross section of the first cladding member wherein each index modified region contains one or more dopants selected from a group comprising Ge, Al, P, B and F and is operative to direct light energy to the core member, and a stress field portion with a predetermined refractive index (n_s) is formed in an area surrounding each index modified region within the first cladding member; and

a second cladding member surrounding the first cladding member;

wherein a difference between the refractive index of the first cladding member and that of the stress field portions (n_c−

n_s) is set within such a range that the stress field portions do not substantially affect polarization properties of light traveling in the core member.

2. The optical fiber of claim 1, wherein the difference between the refractive index of the first cladding member and that of the stress field portions (n_c−

n_s) is less than 10<sup>−

4</sup>.

3. The optical fiber of claim 1, wherein the difference between the refractive index of the first cladding member and that of the stress field portions (n_c−

n_s) is less than 10<sup>−

5</sup>.

4. The optical fiber of claim 1, wherein a refractive index of the index modified regions (n_m) is less than the refractive index of the first cladding member (n_c).

5. The optical fiber of claim 1, wherein a refractive index of the index modified regions (n_m) is greater than the refractive index of the first cladding member (n_c).

6. The optical fiber of claim 1, including more than one of said index modified regions distributed substantially evenly close to the outer periphery of the first cladding member.

7. The optical fiber of claim 1, wherein the center core member comprises a silica based glass.

8. The optical fiber of claim 7, wherein the center core member is doped with one or more 4f-type rare earth elements.

9. The optical fiber of claim 1, wherein the second cladding member has an index of refraction lower than the index of refraction of the first cladding member (n_c).

10. The optical fiber of claim 9, wherein the second cladding member comprises a doped glass.

11. The optical fiber of claim 9, wherein the second cladding member comprises a fluorinated polymer.