Simultaneous signal attenuation measurements utilizing code division multiplexing

• US 6,505,133 B1
• Filed: 11/15/2000
• Issued: 01/07/2003
• Est. Priority Date: 11/15/2000
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Datex-Ohmeda Incorporated (General Electric Company)
• Original Assignee: Datex-Ohmeda Incorporated (General Electric Company)
• Inventors: Hanna, D. Alan, Norris, Mark A.
• Primary Examiner(s): Hoff, Marc S.
• Assistant Examiner(s): MILLER, CRAIG S
• Application Number:
  US09/712,864
• Time in Patent Office: 783 Days
• Field of Search: 702/10, 702/69, 702/74, 702/79, 702/108, 702/110, 702/122, 702/124-126, 702/176-178, 702/783, 702/189, 702/193, 702/194, 702/196, 702/197, 600/309, 600/386, 600/310, 370/320, 370/535, 370/536, 370/203, 370/206, 375/316, 375/322, 375/329, 375/332, 375/346
• US Class Current: 702/74
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/14551 for measuring blood gases
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/7228 Signal modulation applied to the input signal sent to patient or subject; demodulation to recover the physiological signal modulation H03C

Abstract

A pulse oximeter (100) includes two or more light sources (102) for transmitting optical signals through an appendage (103) of patient. The sources (102) are operated to transmit code division multiplexed (CDM) signals. That is, the sources (102) are driven by drives (104) in response to signals from a digital processing unit (116) such that the sources (102) are modulated using different code sequences. The code sequences are preferably non-periodic and may be orthogonal to one another. The use of such CDM signals provides certain advantages related to noise reduction.

Claims

1. A method for use in operating a signal attenuation measurement device, the measurement device including a source system for generating first and second signals and for transmitting the first and second signals to a medium that attenuates the signals, a detector system for receiving first and second received signals from the medium and for providing a composite detector signal based on the first and second received signals, and a parameter module for determining an attenuation related parameter regarding the medium based on the detector signal, said method comprising:

processing the detector signal to provide a processed signal for demultiplexing, said processed signal including information regarding the first and second signals; and

code division demultiplexing said processed signal using at least one coded demultiplexing signal, said at least one coded demultiplexing signal including a series of values defining a non-periodic code such that said demultiplexing of said processed signal using said at least one coded demultiplexing signal yields demultiplexed information corresponding to each of said first and second signals;

wherein said demultiplexed information is used by the parameter module for determining the attenuation related parameter regarding the medium.

2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the medium is a tissue of a patient, and the attenuation related parameter is one of a blood oxygen saturation value and a blood analyte value.

3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein said processed signal is an analog signal and the processing comprises converting at least a portion of the processed signal into a series of digital values.

4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein each of said first and second signals includes high value time periods and low value time periods and said processing of the detector signal comprises digitally sampling said detector signal multiple times within a time period corresponding to one of said high value and low value time periods of one of said first and second signals.

5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein said processing of the detector signal comprises filtering the detector signal to remove a selected frequency component.

6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein said demultiplexing comprises first processing said processed signal using a first coded demultiplexing signal corresponding to said first signal and second processing said processed signal using a second coded demultiplexing signal corresponding to said second signal.

7. The method as claimed in claim 6, wherein said first coded demultiplexing signal comprises a concatenation of a first code and said second coded demultiplexing signal comprises a concatenation of a second code.

8. The method as claimed in claim 7, wherein said first code is substantially orthogonal to said second code.

9. The method as claimed in claim 8, further comprising modulating at least one of said codes into a carrier signal.

10. The method as claimed in claim 9, wherein said carrier signal includes a plurality of values for expressing one of a high value and a low value for individual segments of said codes.

11. The method as claimed in claim 8, wherein each of said codes is computed prior to transmission of said first and second signals.

12. The method as claimed in claim 7, wherein each of said first and second codes is a digital code comprising a series of high and low values.

13. The method as claimed in claim 12, wherein each of said first and second codes includes said high and low values in substantially equal temporal portions.

14. The method as claimed in claim 12, wherein, within each of said first and second codes, said high values and low values are distributed so that there is substantially the same number of instances of high values and low values in the first and second temporal halves thereof.

15. The method as claimed in claim 12, wherein, within each of said first and second codes, said high values and low values are distributed so that there is substantially the same number of instances of high values and low values in the each temporal quarter thereof.

16. The method as claimed in claim 12, wherein, within each of said first and second codes, transitions between said high values and low values are distributed so that there is substantially the same number of transitions between high values and low values in the first and second temporal halves thereof.

17. The method as claimed in claim 12, wherein, within each of said first and second codes, transitions between said high values and low values are distributed so that there is substantially the same number of transitions between high values and low values in each temporal quarter thereof.

18. The method as claimed in claim 6, wherein said demultiplexing comprises filtering each of said first and second coded demultiplexing signals.

19. The method as claimed in claim 18, wherein said filtering comprises monitoring wave shapes corresponding to said first and second signals and using said wave shapes to filter said first and second coded demltiplexing signals.

20. The method as claimed in claim 18, wherein said filtering comprises filtering said first and second coded demultiplexing signals to remove an undesired frequency component.

21. The method as claimed in claim 20, wherein said filtering to remove undesired frequency components includes precomputing at least a portion of each of the first and second coded demultiplexing signals to effect removal of said undesired frequency component.

22. The method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising using first and second coded modulating signals to drive the source system.

23. The method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising AC coupling at least one of the source system and the detector system.

24. The method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising using on/off transmitters in said source system to generate said first and second signals.