Method of using routing protocols to reroute packets during a link failure

• US 6,519,224 B2
• Filed: 07/11/2001
• Issued: 02/11/2003
• Est. Priority Date: 01/17/1997
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Cisco Technology, Inc. (Cisco Systems, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Scientific-Atlanta Incorporated (Cisco Systems, Inc.)
• Inventors: Hrastar, Scott E., Merrill, Todd A., Bowcutt, Roy A.
• Primary Examiner(s): Patel, Ajit
• Assistant Examiner(s): Phunkulh, Bob A.
• Application Number:
  US09/903,281
• Publication Number:
  US 20010043562A1
• Time in Patent Office: 580 Days
• Field of Search: 370/216, 370/217, 370/218, 370/219, 370/220, 370/221, 370/225, 370/226, 370/227, 370/228, 370/242, 370/243, 370/244, 370/245, 709/239, 375/222, 714/1, 714/2, 714/3, 714/4
• US Class Current: 370/227
• CPC Class Codes: H04H 20/79 using downlink of the CATV systems, e.g. audio broadcast via CATV network
• CPC Class Codes: H04H 60/84 which are fixed telephone networks
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 12/2801 Broadband local area networks
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 12/2856 Access arrangements, e.g. Internet access asynchronous transfer mode networks H04L12/5601; broadband local area networks H04L12/2801; optical access or distribution networks H04Q11/0067; access to open networks H04L12/5691; digital subscriber line end-user equipment and bit-level processing of data on a PSTN-based network H04M11/00; home network gateways H04L12/2834; wireless access networks H04W
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 12/2863 Arrangements for combining access network resources elements, e.g. channel bonding modem pooling H04L25/14; routing of packets H04L45/00; multichannel or multilink protocols H04L69/14
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 12/2872 Termination of subscriber connections
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 12/2874 Processing of data for distribution to the subscribers
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 12/5692 Selection among different networks
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 2101/604 Address structures or formats
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 2101/622 Layer-2 addresses, e.g. medium access control [MAC] addresses
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 41/0213 Standardised network management protocols, e.g. simple network management protocol [SNMP]
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 41/0663 Performing the actions predefined by failover planning, e.g. switching to standby network elements
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 41/0677 Localisation of faults
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 61/50 Address allocation
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 61/5007 Internet protocol [IP] addresses
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 61/5014 using dynamic host configuration protocol [DHCP] or bootstrap protocol [BOOTP]
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 61/5061 Pools of addresses
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 63/08 for authentication of entities cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for entity authentication H04L9/32
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 69/40 for recovering from a failure of a protocol instance or entity, e.g. service redundancy protocols, protocol state redundancy or protocol service redirection management of faults, events, alarms or notifications in data switching networks H04L41/06
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 9/40 Network security protocols
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 21/25816 : involving client authentication restricting access to computer systems by authenticating users using a predetermined code G06F21/33; cryptographic authentication protocols H04L9/32; networks authentication protocols H04L63/08; authentication in wireless network security H04W12/06
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 21/42676 : for modulating an analogue carrier signal to encode digital information or demodulating it to decode digital information, e.g. ADSL or cable modem
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 21/6118 : involving cable transmission, e.g. using a cable modem
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 21/6168 : involving cable transmission, e.g. using a cable modem
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 7/17309 : Transmission or handling of upstream communications

Abstract

The preferred embodiment of the present invention is a cable modem apparatus for reliably providing a personal computer access to the Internet through a cable television link and a public switched telephone network link. The invention includes: a cable television link failure detector connected to the cable television link; a message generator connected to the cable television link failure detector, where the message generator is configured to generate at least one message responsive to the cable television link failure detector; and a message transmitter connected to the message generator, where the message transmitter is configured to transmit the at least one message through the public switched telephone network link to cause Internet communications to be communicated to the personal computer through the public switch telephone network link.

Claims

1. An improved first router that routes packets according to their logical network addresses, the first router being connected between a first link, a second bidirectional link, and a third link and ordinarily receiving packets addressed to a host on the third link via the first link, the improvement comprising:

a first link failure detector for detecting a failure in the first link; and

a routing protocol message provider which responds to a detected failure by sending a sequence of routing protocol messages on the second bidirectional link, the sequence being responded to by a second router that is accessible via the second bidirectional link and that ordinarily routes packets addressed to the host via the first link, the second router responding to the sequence by routing those packets via the second bidirectional link.

2. The improved router of claim 1, wherein the first link is a unidirectional link for transmitting from the second router packets addressed to the host.

3. A method for routing data communicated to a first router from a second router, wherein the first router and the second router are connected by a first link and a second link, said method comprising steps of:

routing data through the first link from the second router to the first router during an absence of a failure of the first link;

routing data through the second link from the first router to the second router during the absence of the failure;

detecting, at the first router, the failure of the first link from the second router to the first router;

generating at least one message at the first router responsive to detecting the failure of the first link;

transmitting the at least one message from the first router to the second router through the second link; and

routing data through the second link from the second router to the first router during the failure responsive to receiving the at least one message from the first router along the second link.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the first link is a unidirectional link, and wherein the second link is a bidirectional link.

5. The method of claim 3, wherein the step of routing data through the second bidirectional link includes suspending attempts by the second router to route data through the first link from the second router to the first router.

6. The method of claim 3, wherein the generating and transmitting steps continue, at least in part, as long as the failure of the first link is detected by the first router.

7. The method of claim 3, wherein the step of routing data through the second bidirectional link continues until the second router fails to receive at least part of the at least one failure messages from the first router for a defined period of time, after which the second router will resume routing data through the first link.

8. The method of claim 3, further comprising steps of

detecting, at the first router, that the failure of the first link has ended,

generating a failure ended message at the first router responsive to detecting the failure of the first link has ended;

transmitting the failure ended message from the first router to the second router through the second bidirectional link; and

resuming routing of data through the first link from the second router to the first router.

9. The method of claim 3, wherein the data includes IP packets including IP addresses, and wherein the first router is connected to at least one personal computer, and wherein the second router is connected to the Internet.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein the first router is connected through a local area network to a plurality of personal computers.

11. The method of claim 3, wherein the first link is a one-way link from the second router to the first router.

12. The method of claim 3, wherein the first link is a cable television RF link, and wherein the second bidirectional link is a conventional two-way telephone line.

13. The method of claim 3, further including maintaining a routing table for the second router, wherein the routing table is altered responsive to receiving at least one failure messages from the first router.

14. A cable modem apparatus for reliably providing a personal computer access to the Internet through a cable television link and a public switched telephone network link, said apparatus comprising:

a cable television link failure detector connected to the cable television link;

a message generator connected to said cable television link failure detector, wherein said message generator is configured to generate at least one message responsive to said cable television link failure detector detecting cable television link failures; and

a message transmitter connected to said message generator, wherein said message transmitter is configured to transmit the at least one message through the public switched telephone network link to cause Internet communications to be communicated to the personal computer through the public switch telephone network link by changing IP datagram routing.

15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the message responsive to said cable television link failure detector detecting cable television link failures also causes a suspension of Internet communications communicated through the cable television link.

16. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein said message generator is configured to generate at least one message as long as said cable television link failure detector detects cable television link failures, and said message transmitter is configured to transmit at least one message as long as said cable television link failure detector detects cable television link failures.

17. A method for routing data communicated to a first router from a second router, wherein the first router and the second router are connected by a first communication path and a second communication path, said method comprising steps of:

routing data from the second router to the first router through the first communication path during an absence of a failure of the first communication path;

routing data from the first router to the second router through the second communications path during the absence of the failure;

receiving at the second router at least one message through the second communication path;

determining from the at least one message that the failure of the first communication path has occurred;

changing at least one routing table responsive to receiving the at least one message through the second communication path; and

routing data from the second router to the first router through the second communication path during the failure, responsive to changing at least one table.

18. The method of claim 17, wherein the first communication path is a unidirectional path and wherein the second communication path is a bidirectional path.

19. The method of claim 17, wherein the step of routing data through the second communication path includes the second router suspending attempts to route data to the first router through the first communication path.

20. The method of claim 17, wherein the step of routing data through the second communication path continues until the second router fails to receive the at least one message through the second communication path for a defined period of time, after which the second router routes data to the first router through the first communication path.

21. The method of claim 17, wherein the at least one message is transmitted from the first router.

22. The method of claim 17, wherein the at least one message includes a network routing protocol packet.

23. The method of claim 17, wherein the at least one message includes a SNMP trap packet.

24. The method of claim 17, wherein the at least one message includes a RIP packet.

25. The method of claim 17, wherein the at least one message includes a table of operative communication paths to the first router.

26. The method of claim 17, wherein the at least one message includes a table of paths distinct from operative communication paths to the first router.

27. The method of claim 17, wherein:

the data includes IP packets including IP addresses;

the first router being connected to at least one personal computer; and

the second router being connected to the Internet.

28. The method of claim 17, wherein:

the first communication path is a cable television RF communication path; and

the second communication path is a telephone line.

29. The method of claim 17, further including the step of maintaining a routing table for the second router, wherein responsive to determining a change of status of the first communication path the table is changed.

30. A method for communicating data to an RF modem from a CATV head end, wherein the RF modem and the CATV head end are connected by an first communication path and a second communication path, the method comprising the steps performed in the RF modem of:

receiving data communicated from the CATV head end to the RF modem over the first communication path during an absence of a failure of the first communication path;

transmitting data communicated from the RF modem to the CATV head over the second communication path during the absence of the failure;

determining that the failure of the first communication path has occurred;

notifying the CATV head end to communicate data from the CATV head end to the RF modem over the second communication path; and

receiving data communicated from the CATV head end to the RF modem over the second communication path during the failure responsive to the CATV head end changing IP datagram routing.

31. The method of claim 30, wherein the notifying step further comprises the step of:

generating at least one routing message; and

communicating at least one routing message to the CATV head end over the second communication path.

32. The method of claim 31, wherein the first communication path is an RF communication link.

33. The method of claim 32, wherein the second communication path is bidirectional.

34. The method of claim 33, wherein the second communication path is a public switched telephone network link.

35. The method of claim 34, wherein the RF communication link is unidirectional.

36. The method of claim 35, wherein the at least one routing message is a routing information protocol (RIP) message.

37. The method of claim 31, further comprising the steps performed in the RF modem of:

determining that the first communication path has become operational;

notifying the CATV head end to communicate data from the CATV head end to the RF modem over the first communication path; and

receiving data communicated from the CATV head end to the RF modem over the first communication path.

38. The method of claim 37, wherein the first communication path carries a majority of the data from the CATV head end to the RF modem while the first communication path is operational, and wherein the second communication path carries a majority of the data from the CATV head end to the RF modem while the first communication path has failed.

39. The method of claim 38, wherein the first communication path operates at a faster bit rate than the second communication path.

40. The method of claim 39, wherein the second communication path carries data from the RF modem to the CATV head end independent of the first communication path failing.

41. The method of claim 40, wherein the first communication path is a unidirectional RF communication link and the second communication path is a bidirectional public switched telephone network link.

42. The method of claim 41, wherein the at least one routing message is a routing inflation protocol (RIP) message.