Transparent multilayer device

• US 6,565,982 B1
• Filed: 06/28/1996
• Issued: 05/20/2003
• Est. Priority Date: 06/26/1995
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: 3M Innovative Properties Company (3M Company)
• Original Assignee: 3M Innovative Properties Company (3M Company)
• Inventors: Gilbert, Laurence R., Dahlen, Richard R., Weber, Michael F., Ouderkirk, Andrew J.
• Primary Examiner(s): Jones, Deborah
• Assistant Examiner(s): LA VILLA, MICHAEL EUGENE
• Application Number:
  US08/672,691
• Time in Patent Office: 2,517 Days
• Field of Search: 428/457, 428/458, 428/480, 428/469, 428/483, 428/689, 428/426, 428/430, 359/584, 359/487, 359/586, 359/838
• US Class Current: 428/457
• CPC Class Codes: B32B 17/10018 comprising only one glass sheet
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 5/282 reflecting for infrared and transparent for visible light, e.g. heat reflectors, laser protection
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 5/305 including organic materials, e.g. polymeric layers
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/31616 Next to polyester [e.g., alkyd]
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/31678 Of metal
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/31681 Next to polyester, polyamide or polyimide [e.g., alkyd, glue, or nylon, etc.]
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/31786 Of polyester [e.g., alkyd, etc.]

Abstract

A transparent multilayer device which reflects light in the infrared region of the spectrum while transmitting light in the visible region of the spectrum. The device comprises a multilayered polymer film and a transparent conductor. The multilayered polymer film preferably comprises layers of a semi-crystalline naphthalene dicarboxylic acid polyester having an average thickness of not more than 0.5 microns and layers of a second polymer having an average thickness of not more than 0.5 microns. The layers of semi-crystalline naphthalene dicarboxylic acid polyester preferably have a positive stress optical coefficient. The transparent conductor comprises at least one layer containing a metal or a metal compound in which the metal compound is preferably selected from the group consisting of metal oxides, metal alloys, and combinations thereof. Silver and indium tin oxide are particularly preferred transparent conductors. The transparent multilayer devices may be applied to the surface of a glass or plastic substrate, such as an exterior window in a building, or to a windshield or window in an automobile, truck, or aircraft.

Claims

1. A transparent multilayer device which reflects light in the infrared region of the spectrum and transmits light in the visible region of the spectrum, comprising:

a birefringent polymer film comprising a plurality of layers wherein at least one of the layers comprises a first birefringent polymeric material and at least one of the layers comprises a second polymeric material, the first and second polymeric materials having a refractive index difference of less than 0.05 along a first axis orthogonal to a plane of the film, and having a refractive index difference of at least 0.05 along a second axis perpendicular to the first axis; and

a transparent conductor having at least one layer containing a metal or metal compound.

2. The device of claim 1 wherein the metal or metal compound is selected from the group consisting of silver, gold, copper, aluminum, doped tin oxide, undoped tin dioxide, zinc oxide, and indium tin oxide.

3. The device of claim 1 wherein the transparent conductor comprises at least one layer containing silver or a silver alloy.

4. The device of claim 1 wherein the transparent conductor comprises at least one layer containing indium tin oxide.

5. The device of claim 1 wherein the layer containing a metal or a metal compound comprises a metalized polymer or glass sheet that is laminated to the multilayered polymer film.

6. The device of claim 1, wherein the first polymeric material is a semi-crystalline polyester.

7. The device of claim 1 wherein the device is a mirror.

8. The device of claim 1 wherein the device is a polarizer.

9. An article comprising the device of claim 1 applied to a surface of a glass or plastic substrate.

10. A window construction, comprising the article of claim 1.

11. The article of claim 9 wherein the substrate is an exterior window of a building or a windshield or window of an automobile, truck, or aircraft.

12. The article of claim 9 applied to a window of a house or automobile, wherein the transparent conductor is next to an interior surface of the window and the film faces the house or automobile interior.

13. A reflective article, comprising:

a birefringent multilayer film including a first birefringent polymer layer and a second polymer layer contiguous to the first layer; and

a transparent conductor having at least one layer containing a metal or metal compound;

wherein the first and second polymer layers have refractive indices n_1z, n_2z respectively for light polarized along a first axis perpendicular to a plane of the multilayer film;

wherein the first and second polymer layers have refractive indices n_1x, n_2x respectively for light polarized along a second axis perpendicular to the first axis; and

wherein n_1x is greater than n_2x, and wherein n_1z, is less than or equal to n_2z.

14. A reflective article, comprising:

a birefringent multilayer film including a first birefringent polymer layer and a second polymer layer contiguous to the first layer; and

a transparent conductor having at least one layer containing a metal or metal compound;

wherein the first and second polymer layers have refractive indices n_1z, n_2z respectively for light polarized along a first axis perpendicular to a plane of the multilayer film;

wherein the first and second polymer layers have refractive indices n_1x, n_2x respectively for light polarized along a second axis perpendicular to the first axis; and

wherein n_1x and n_2x differ by an amount Δ

n_x to provide a reflective interface between the first and second layer, wherein n_1z and n_2z differ by an amount Δ

n_z, and wherein a ratio Δ

n_z/Δ

n_x is less than 0.5.

15. A reflective article, comprising:

a birefringent multilayer film including a first birefringent polymer layer and a second polymer layer contiguous to the first layer; and

a transparent conductor having at least one layer containing a metal or metal compound;

wherein the first and second polymer layers have refractive indices selected to provide a reflective interface therebetween whose reflectivity for p-polarized light has a property selected from the group of decreasing slowly with angle of incidence, being independent of angle of incidence, and increasing with angle of incidence.