Nanotechnology for chemical radiation, and biotechnology sensors

• US 6,569,490 B2
• Filed: 05/17/2002
• Issued: 05/27/2003
• Est. Priority Date: 11/06/1998
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: PPG Industries Ohio Incorporated (Nouryon BV)
• Original Assignee: NanoProducts Corporation (Nouryon BV)
• Inventors: Yadav, Tapesh, Au, Ming, Franke, Evan
• Primary Examiner(s): Le, H. Thi
• Application Number:
  US10/147,636
• Publication Number:
  US 20030012953A1
• Time in Patent Office: 375 Days
• Field of Search: 427/58, 427/126.1, 427/126.3, 427/190, 427/191, 427/201, 427/372.2
• US Class Current: 427/58
• CPC Class Codes: A61L 27/06 Titanium or titanium alloys
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 12/005 carried out at high temperatures, e.g. by pyrolysis
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 12/02 for obtaining at least one reaction product which, at normal temperature, is in the solid state
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 19/0046 Sequential or parallel reactions, e.g. for the synthesis of polypeptides or polynucleotides; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making molecular arrays synthesis methods per se C40B50/00
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 19/24 Stationary reactors without moving elements inside B01J19/08, B01J19/26 take precedence; with stationary particles B01J8/02
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00094 Jackets
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00135 Electric resistance heaters
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00155 using insulating materials or refractories
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00177 controlling the pH
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/0018 controlling the conductivity
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00317 Microwell devices, i.e. having large numbers of wells
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00385 Printing
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/0043 for direct application of reagents, e.g. through openings in a shutter
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00653 the compounds being bound to electrodes embedded in or on the solid supports
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00707 separated from the reactor apparatus
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00745 Inorganic compounds
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00747 Catalysts
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/0075 Metal based compounds
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00754 Metal oxides
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00756 Compositions, e.g. coatings, crystals, formulations
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/0894 : Processes carried out in the presence of a plasma
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 23/002 : Mixed oxides other than spinels, e.g. perovskite
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 23/08 : of gallium, indium or thallium
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 23/14 : of germanium, tin or lead
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2523/00 : Constitutive chemical elements of heterogeneous catalysts
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2523/17 : Copper
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2523/18 : Silver
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2523/22 : Magnesium
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2523/27 : Zinc
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2523/305 : Boron
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2523/31 : Aluminium
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2523/33 : Indium
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2523/3706 : Lanthanum
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2523/43 : Tin
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2523/47 : Titanium
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2523/48 : Zirconium
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2523/54 : Bismuth
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2523/56 : Niobium
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2523/57 : Tantalum
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2523/67 : Chromium
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2523/69 : Tungsten
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2523/72 : Manganese
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2523/824 : Palladium
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2523/842 : Iron
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2523/845 : Cobalt
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2523/847 : Nickel
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 35/23 : in a colloidal state
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 37/18 : with gases containing free hydrogen
• CPC Class Codes: B05B 1/12 : capable of producing different kinds of discharge, e.g. either jet or spray having selectively-effective outlets B05B1/16
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 1/054 : Nanosized particles
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 1/12 : Metallic powder containing non-metallic particles containing lubricating or binding agents or organic material B22F1/10
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 2009/041 : by mechanical alloying, e.g. blending, milling
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 2201/11 : Argon
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 2202/13 : Use of plasma
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 2998/00 : Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 2999/00 : Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 9/04 : starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling C22C1/1084 takes precedence; crushing, grinding or milling, in general, see the relevant subclasses, e.g. B02C
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 9/12 : starting from gaseous material
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 70/58 : comprising fillers only , e.g. particles, powder, beads, flakes, spheres B29C70/025 takes precedence, agglomerating hollow spheres to produce synthetic foam B29C70/66; compounding ingredients per se C08K
• CPC Class Codes: B82B 1/00 : Nanostructures formed by manipulation of individual atoms or molecules, or limited collections of atoms or molecules as discrete units
• CPC Class Codes: B82Y 25/00 : Nanomagnetism, e.g. magnetoimpedance, anisotropic magnetoresistance, giant magnetoresistance or tunneling magnetoresistance
• CPC Class Codes: B82Y 30/00 : Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
• CPC Class Codes: B82Y 5/00 : Nanobiotechnology or nanomedicine, e.g. protein engineering or drug delivery
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 13/145 : After-treatment of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. pulverising, drying, decreasing the acidity
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 19/007 : Tellurides or selenides of metals C01B19/002 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 21/062 : with chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 3/001 : characterised by the uptaking medium; Treatment thereof
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 32/956 : Silicon carbide
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 35/04 : Metal borides
• CPC Class Codes: C01F 11/06 : of carbonates
• CPC Class Codes: C01F 5/06 : by thermal decomposition of magnesium compounds calcining magnesite or dolomite C04B2/10
• CPC Class Codes: C01G 23/006 : Alkaline earth titanates
• CPC Class Codes: C01G 25/00 : Compounds of zirconium
• CPC Class Codes: C01G 25/02 : Oxides
• CPC Class Codes: C01G 41/02 : Oxides; Hydroxides
• CPC Class Codes: C01G 53/00 : Compounds of nickel
• CPC Class Codes: C01G 53/006 : Compounds containing, besides nickel, two or more other elements, with the exception of oxygen or hydrogen nickelates C01G53/40
• CPC Class Codes: C01P 2002/01 : depicted by a TEM-image
• CPC Class Codes: C01P 2002/02 : Amorphous compounds
• CPC Class Codes: C01P 2002/34 : perovskite-type (ABO3)
• CPC Class Codes: C01P 2002/54 : one element only
• CPC Class Codes: C01P 2002/60 : Compounds characterised by their crystallite size
• CPC Class Codes: C01P 2002/72 : by d-values or two theta-values, e.g. as X-ray diagram
• CPC Class Codes: C01P 2004/03 : obtained by SEM
• CPC Class Codes: C01P 2004/04 : obtained by TEM, STEM, STM or AFM
• CPC Class Codes: C01P 2004/38 : cube-like
• CPC Class Codes: C01P 2004/51 : Particles with a specific particle size distribution
• CPC Class Codes: C01P 2004/54 : Particles characterised by their aspect ratio, i.e. the ratio of sizes in the longest to the shortest dimension
• CPC Class Codes: C01P 2004/61 : Micrometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 micrometer
• CPC Class Codes: C01P 2004/62 : Submicrometer sized, i.e. from 0.1-1 micrometer
• CPC Class Codes: C01P 2004/64 : Nanometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 nanometer
• CPC Class Codes: C01P 2006/10 : Solid density
• CPC Class Codes: C01P 2006/12 : Surface area
• CPC Class Codes: C01P 2006/40 : Electric properties
• CPC Class Codes: C01P 2006/60 : Optical properties, e.g. expressed in CIELAB-values
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 2111/00844 : for electronic applications
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 2235/3241 : Chromium oxides, chromates, or oxide-forming salts thereof
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 2235/3262 : Manganese oxides, manganates, rhenium oxides or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. MnO
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 2235/3275 : Cobalt oxides, cobaltates or cobaltites or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. bismuth cobaltate, zinc cobaltite
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 2235/3279 : Nickel oxides, nickalates, or oxide-forming salts thereof
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 2235/3284 : Zinc oxides, zincates, cadmium oxides, cadmiates, mercury oxides, mercurates or oxide forming salts thereof
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 2235/3298 : Bismuth oxides, bismuthates or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. zinc bismuthate
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 2235/79 : Non-stoichiometric products, e.g. perovskites (ABO3) with an A/B-ratio other than 1
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 2235/80 : Phases present in the sintered or melt-cast ceramic products other than the main phase
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 35/00 : Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition porous ceramic products C04B38/00; ceramic articles characterised by particular shape, see the relevant classes, e.g. linings for casting ladles, tundishes, cups or the like B22D41/02; ceramic substrates for microelectronic semi-conductors H01L23/15; Ceramics compositions containing free metal bonded to carbides, diamond, oxides, borides, nitrides, silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides or sulfides other than as macroscopic reinforcing agents C22C; shaping of ceramics B28B; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products chemical preparation of powders of inorganic compounds C01; infiltration of sintered ceramic preforms with molten metal C04B41/51
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 35/01 : based on oxide ceramics
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 35/10 : based on aluminium oxide
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 35/265 : Compositions containing one or more ferrites of the group comprising manganese or zinc and one or more ferrites of the group comprising nickel, copper or cobalt
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 35/2666 : Other ferrites containing nickel, copper or cobalt
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 35/453 : based on zinc, tin, or bismuth oxides or solid solutions thereof with other oxides, e.g. zincates, stannates or bismuthates
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 35/457 : based on tin oxides or stannates
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 35/56 : based on carbides or oxycarbides containing free metal binder C22C29/00
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 35/5611 : based on titanium carbides
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 35/581 : based on aluminium nitride
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 35/62222 : obtaining ceramic coatings coating of mortars, concrete, artificial or natural stone or ceramics C04B41/45; laminated ceramic products B32B18/00; coating metallic materials C23; coating of glass C03C17/00, applying ceramic coatings on silicon for semi-conductor purposes H01L
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 41/009 : characterised by the material treated
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 41/4539 : as a emulsion, dispersion or suspension
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 41/4549 : Nanometer-sized particles
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 41/5027 : Oxide ceramics in general; Specific oxide ceramics not covered by C04B41/5029 - C04B41/5051
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 41/5049 : Zinc or bismuth oxides
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 41/5059 : Silicon carbide
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 41/5116 : Ag or Au
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 41/5122 : Pd or Pt
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 41/52 : Multiple coating or impregnating multiple coating or impregnating with the same composition or with compositions only differing in the concentration of the constituents, is classified as single coating or impregnation
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 41/524 : Multiple coatings, comprising a coating layer of the same material as a previous coating layer
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 41/87 : Ceramics
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 41/89 : for obtaining at least two superposed coatings having different compositions
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 41/90 : at least one coating being a metal
• CPC Class Codes: C08K 2201/011 : Nanostructured additives
• CPC Class Codes: C08K 2201/016 : Additives defined by their aspect ratio
• CPC Class Codes: C08K 3/01 : characterized by their specific function
• CPC Class Codes: C08K 3/08 : Metals
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 27/127 : comprising nanoparticles
• CPC Class Codes: H01C 17/0652 : containing carbon or carbides
• CPC Class Codes: H01C 7/112 : ZnO type
• CPC Class Codes: H01F 1/0036 : showing low dimensional magnetism, i.e. spin rearrangements due to a restriction of dimensions, e.g. showing giant magnetoresistivity, H01F1/153, H01F1/42 and H01F10/00 take precedence; magnetoresistive sensors G01D5/16, G01R33/06; magnetoresistive recording G11B5/39; magnetic-field-controlled resistors H10N50/10
• CPC Class Codes: H01F 1/0045 : Zero dimensional, e.g. nanoparticles, soft nanoparticles for medical/biological use preparation of fullerenes in general C01B32/15
• CPC Class Codes: H01F 1/36 : in the form of particles H01F1/346, H01F1/348 and H01F1/38 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01F 41/0246 : Manufacturing of magnetic circuits by moulding or by pressing powder magnetic cores made by moulding or by pressing powder H01F27/255; soft magnetic particles H01F1/20, H01F1/36
• CPC Class Codes: H01G 4/12 : Ceramic dielectrics H01G4/085 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01G 4/33 : Thin- or thick-film capacitors thin- or thick-film circuits H01L27/00; capacitors without a potential-jump or surface barrier specially adapted for integrated circuits, details thereof, multistep manufacturing processes therefor H01L28/40
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 23/49883 : the conductive materials containing organic materials or pastes, e.g. for thick films for printed circuits H05K1/092
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 23/5328 : containing conductive organic materials or pastes, e.g. conductive adhesives, inks
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 2924/00 : Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 2924/0002 : Not covered by any one of groups H01L24/00, H01L24/00 and H01L2224/00
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 2924/3011 : Impedance
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/0562 : Solid materials
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/0566 : Liquid materials
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/02 : Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/04 : Processes of manufacture in general
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/242 : Hydrogen storage electrodes
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/581 : Chalcogenides or intercalation compounds thereof
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/5815 : Sulfides
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/582 : Halogenides
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/8875 : Methods for shaping the electrode into free-standing bodies, like sheets, films or grids, e.g. moulding, hot-pressing, casting without support, extrusion without support
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/8885 : Sintering or firing
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/90 : Selection of catalytic material
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/9066 : of metal-ceramic composites or mixtures, e.g. cermets
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/1213 : characterised by the electrode/electrolyte combination or the supporting material
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/1246 : the electrolyte consisting of oxides
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/1253 : the electrolyte containing zirconium oxide
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 : Energy storage using batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/32 : Hydrogen storage
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/50 : Fuel cells
• CPC Class Codes: Y02P 70/50 : Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 428/90 : Magnetic feature
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 977/762 : Nanowire or quantum wire, i.e. axially elongated structure having two dimensions of 100 nm or less
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 977/783 : Organic host/matrix, e.g. lipid
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 977/81 : Of specified metal or metal alloy composition
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 977/811 : Of specified metal oxide composition, e.g. conducting or semiconducting compositions such as ITO, ZnOx
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 977/948 : Energy storage/generating using nanostructure, e.g. fuel cell, battery
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 29/4902 : Electromagnet, transformer or inductor
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/12056 : Entirely inorganic
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/1216 : Continuous interengaged phases of plural metals, or oriented fiber containing
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/12181 : Composite powder [e.g., coated, etc.]
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/25 : Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component and including a second component containing structurally defined particles
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/254 : Polymeric or resinous material
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/256 : Heavy metal or aluminum or compound thereof
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/257 : Iron oxide or aluminum oxide
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/259 : Silicic material
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/2982 : Particulate matter [e.g., sphere, flake, etc.]
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/2991 : Coated
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/2998 : including synthetic resin or polymer

Abstract

Nanostructured non-stoichiometric materials are disclosed. Novel sensing materials and their applications are discussed. More specifically, the specifications teach the use of nanotechnology and nanostructured materials for developing novel sensing devices and products.

Claims

1. A method of preparing a device comprising:

preparing a slurry comprising a non-stoichiometric non-equilibrium crystalline nanomaterial;

providing a substrate;

depositing the nanomaterials in the slurry onto the substrate; and

preparing the device by drying the slurry.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein the nanomaterial comprises an oxide.

3. The method of claim 1 further comprising adding a polymer while preparing the slurry.

4. The method of claim 1 wherein the device comprises a sensor.

5. The method of claim 1 wherein the device comprises a pH sensor.

6. The method of claim 1 wherein the device comprises an electrochemical sensor.

7. The method of claim 1 wherein the device comprises a hydrogen sensor.

8. The method of claim 1 wherein the device comprises a biomedical sensor.

9. The method of claim 1 wherein the device comprises a hydrocarbon sensor.

10. The method of claim 1 wherein the device comprises an oxygen sensor.

11. The method of claim 1 wherein the device comprises a hydrogen sulfide sensor.

12. The method of claim 1 wherein the device comprises an electrical device.