Refuelable and rechargeable metal-air fuel cell battery power supply unit for integration into an appliance

• US 6,569,555 B1
• Filed: 10/24/2000
• Issued: 05/27/2003
• Est. Priority Date: 10/06/1997
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Reveo, Inc.
• Original Assignee: Reveo, Inc.
• Inventors: Faris, Sadeg M., Tsai, Tsepin
• Primary Examiner(s): KALAFUT, STEPHEN J
• Application Number:
  US09/695,698
• Time in Patent Office: 945 Days
• Field of Search: 429/22, 429/23, 429/27, 429/61
• US Class Current: 429/404
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/425 Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing printed circuits H05K1/00
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/44 Methods for charging or discharging circuits for charging H02J7/00
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 12/06 with one metallic and one gaseous electrode
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 12/08 composed of a half-cell of a fuel-cell type and a half-cell of the secondary-cell type
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 6/5016 Multimode utilisation
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04119 with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04291 Arrangements for managing water in solid electrolyte fuel cell systems H01M8/04119 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/2475 Enclosures, casings or containers of fuel cell stacks
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 Energy storage using batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/50 Fuel cells

Abstract

A refuelable and rechargable metal-air FCB based power supply unit for integration into a device/system for generating and providing electrical power to at least one electrical-energy-consuming load device disposed therein. An external power source is used to recharge the metal-air FCB subsystems embodied therein. A control subsystem automatically transitions between discharging mode (wherein at least one metal-air FCB subsystem supplies electrical power to the electrical power-consuming load device) and a recharging mode (wherein the external power source is electrically coupled to at least one metal-air FCB subsystem to thereby recharge the metal-air FCB subsystem(s). The metal-air FCB subsystem(s) are refueled by manually loading and unloading metal-fuel from the metal-air FCB subsystem(s). Preferably, electrical power provided to the at least one electrical power-consuming load device is supplied solely by electrical power generated by discharging metal-fuel in the metal-air fuel cell battery subsystem(s). In addition, the metal-air FCB subsystem(s) preferably has a modular architecture that enable flexible and user-friendly operations in loading of metal-fuel, unloading of consumed metal-fuel, replacement of the ionic-conducting medium, and replacement of the cathode.

Claims

1. A refuelable and rechargeable power supply unit for integration into an appliance comprising a system housing with at least one electrical-energy-consuming load device disposed therein, the power supply unit comprising:

a modular housing for integration into the system housing;

a metal-air fuel cell battery subsystem, disposed within the modular housing, comprising at least one metal-air fuel cell capable of generating and storing electrical power, wherein the metal-air fuel cell battery subsystem is configured to allow unloading of consumed metal fuel and loading of metal-fuel to refuel the metal-air fuel cell battery subsystem; and

a controller, disposed within the modular housing, that enables electrical connection from the metal-fuel cell battery subsystem to the electrical power-consuming load device in a discharging mode to thereby supply electrical power to the electrical power-consuming load device, and that enables electrical connection from an external power source to the metal-fuel cell battery subsystem in a recharging mode to thereby recharge the metal-air fuel cell battery subsystem.

2. The power supply unit of claim 1, wherein electrical power provided to the electrical power-consuming load device is supplied solely by electrical power supplied by the metal-air fuel cell battery subsystem.

3. The power supply unit of claim 2, wherein electrical power provided to the electrical power-consuming load device is supplied solely by electrical power generated by discharging metal-fuel in the metal-air fuel cell battery subsystem.

4. The power supply unit of claim 1, further comprising an input power bus and output power bus both coupled to the metal-air fuel cell battery subsystem, wherein the input power bus provides an electrical connection from the external power source to the metal-fuel cell battery subsystem in the recharging mode to thereby recharge the metal-air fuel cell battery system, and wherein the output power bus provides an electrical connection from the metal-fuel cell battery subsystem to said electrical power-consuming load device in the discharging mode to thereby provide electrical power to the electrical power-consuming load device.

5. The power supply unit of claim 4, wherein the metal-air fuel cell battery subsystem comprises a network of metal-air fuel cell modules each comprising a plurality of metal-air fuel cells, wherein the network of metal-air fuel cell modules includes a first set of modules distinct from a second set of modules;

and wherein said controller operates the first set of modules in discharging mode concurrent with operation of the second set of modules in recharging mode.

6. The power supply unit of claim 4, wherein the metal-air fuel cell battery subsystem comprises a plurality of metal-air fuel cells including a first set of metal-air fuel cells distinct from a second set of fuel cells;

and said controller operates the first set of fuel cells in discharging mode concurrent with operation of the second set of fuel cells in recharging mode.

7. The power supply unit of claim 1, wherein said modular housing includes at least one recess into which metal-fuel is manually loaded into the metal-air fuel cell battery subsystem and from which consumed metal-fuel is manually unloaded from the metal-air fuel cell battery subsystem.

8. The power supply unit of claim 7, wherein the metal-fuel is disposed on a card structure that is manually loaded into and unloaded from the recess.

9. The power supply unit of claim 8, wherein the card structure comprises a plurality of distinct metal-fuel elements integrated therein.

10. The power supply unit of claim 7, wherein the metal-fuel is disposed in a cartridge that is that is manually loaded into and unloaded from the recess.

11. The power supply unit of claim 10, wherein the cartridge holds metal-fuel tape.

12. The power supply unit of claim 10, wherein the cartridge holds sheets of metal-fuel.

13. The power supply unit of claim 10, wherein the cartridge stores a paste including anode material particles suspended in a liquid ionically-conducting medium.

14. The power supply unit of claim 4, further comprising an switching network, coupled to the input power bus, the output power bus, and the power terminals of a plurality of metal-air fuel cell battery subsystems that operates, in response to control signals from said controller, to:

selectively couple the input power bus to the power terminals of one or more of the plurality of metal-air fuel cell battery subsystems;

to selectively couple the output power bus to the power terminals of one or more of the plurality of metal-air fuel cell battery subsystems; and

to selectively couple together the power terminals of two or more of the metal-air fuel cell battery subsystems.

15. A system comprising:

an appliance having an integrated refuelable and rechargable power supply unit, a system housing and

wherein the power supply unit comprises

a modular housing for integration into the system housing;

a metal-air fuel cell battery subsystem, disposed within the modular housing, comprising at least one metal-air fuel cell capable of generating and storing electrical power, wherein the metal-air fuel cell battery subsystem is configured to allow unloading of consumed metal fuel and loading of metal-fuel to refuel the meal-air fuel cell battery subsystem; and

a controller, disposed within the modular housing, that enables electrical connection from the metal-fuel cell battery subsystem to the electrical power-consuming load device in a discharging mode to thereby supply electrical power to the electrical power-consuming load device, and that enables electrical connection from an external power source to the metal-fuel cell battery subsystem in a recharging mode to thereby recharge the metal-air fuel cell battery subsystem.

16. The system as in claim 15, further comprising a connection to an external power source.

17. The system of claim 15, wherein the appliance comprises a computer processing apparatus.

18. The system of claim 15, wherein the appliance comprises a portable electronic device.

19. The system of claim 18, wherein the portable electronic device is one of the following:

radio, disc player, music playing devices, camcorder, video playing/recording devices, telephone, PDA, communication devices.

20. The system of claim 15, where the appliance comprises one of the following:

television, audio equipment, washing machine, refrigerator, freezer, oven, stove, furnace, air conditioner.

21. The system of claim 15, wherein the appliance comprises an electrically-powered tool.

22. The system of claim 15, wherein the appliance comprises an electrical-energy consuming device.

23. The system of claim 15, wherein the external power source comprises a public electric utility grid.

24. The system of claim 15, wherein the external power source derives energy from a public utility grid.

25. The system of claim 15, wherein the external power source comprises a wind-driven power generator.

26. The system of claim 15, wherein the external power source comprises a generator that derives energy from solar energy.

27. A method for supplying power to an appliance comprising a system housing with at least one electrical-energy-consuming load device disposed therein, the method comprising the steps of:

providing a power supply unit for integration into the system housing, the power supply unit having a metal-air fuel cell battery subsystem disposed within a modular housing, the metal-air fuel cell battery subsystem comprising at least one metal-air fuel cell capable of generating and storing electrical power, and wherein consumed metal-fuel is unloaded from and metal-fuel is loaded into the metal-air fuel cell battery subs to thereby refuel the metal-air fuel cell battery subsystem; and

providing a control subsystem within the modular housing programmed to operate in a discharging mode to enable electrical connection from the metal-fuel cell battery subsystem to the electrical power-consuming load device to thereby supply electrical power to the electrical power-consuming load device, and programmed to operate in a recharging mode to enable electrical connection from an external power source to the meal-fuel cell battery to thereby recharge the metal-air fuel cell battery subsystem.

28. The method of claim 27, wherein electrical power provided to the electrical power-consuming load device is supplied solely by electrical power supplied by the metal-air fuel cell battery subsystem.

29. The method of claim 28, wherein electrical power provided to the electrical power-consuming load device is supplied solely by electrical power generated by discharging metal-fuel in the metal-air fuel cell battery subsystem.

30. The method of claim 27, further comprising an input power bus and output power bus both coupled to the metal-air fuel cell battery subsystem, wherein the input power bus provides an electrical connection from the external power source to the metal-fuel cell battery subsystem in the recharging mode to thereby recharge the metal-air fuel cell battery system, and wherein the output power bus provides an electrical connection from the metal-fuel cell battery subsystem to said electrical power-consuming load device in the discharging mode to thereby provide electrical power to the electrical power-consuming load device.

31. The method of claim 30, wherein the metal-air fuel cell battery subsystem comprises a network of metal-air fuel cell modules each comprising a plurality of metal-air fuel cells, wherein the network of metal-air fuel cell modules includes a first set of modules distinct from a second set of modules;

and wherein said controller operates the first set of modules in discharging mode concurrent with operation of the second set of modules in recharging mode.

32. The method of claim 30, wherein the metal-air fuel cell battery subsystem comprises a plurality of metal-air fuel cells including a first set of metal-air fuel cells distinct from a second set of fuel cells;

and said controller operates the first sat of fuel cells in discharging mode concurrent with operation of the second set of fuel cells in recharging mode.

33. The method of claim 27, wherein said modular housing includes at least one recess into which metal-fuel is manually loaded into the metal-air fuel cell battery subsystem and from which consumed metal-fuel is manually unloaded from the metal-air fuel cell battery subsystem.

34. The method of claim 33, wherein the metal-fuel is disposed on a card structure that is manually loaded into and unloaded from the recess.

35. The method of claim 33, wherein the metal-fuel is disposed in a cartridge that is that is manually loaded into and unloaded from the recess.

36. The method of claim 35, wherein the cartridge holds metal-fuel tape.

37. The method of claim 35, wherein the cartridge holds sheets of metal-fuel.

38. The method of claim 35, wherein the cartridge stores a paste including anode material particles suspended in a liquid ionically-conducting medium.

39. The method of claim 27, wherein the appliance comprises a portable electronic device.

40. The method of claim 39, wherein the portable electronic device is one of the following:

radio, disc player, music playing devices, camcorder, video playing/recording devices, telephone, PDA, communication devices.

41. The method of claim 27, where the appliance comprises one of the following:

television, audio equipment, washing machine, refrigerator, freezer, oven, stove, furnace, air conditioner.

42. The method of claim 27, wherein the external power source comprises a public electric utility grid.

43. The method of claim 27, wherein the external power source derives energy from a public utility grid.

44. The method of claim 27, wherein the external power source comprises a wind-driven power generator.

45. The method of claim 27, wherein the external power source comprises a generator that derives energy from solar energy.

46. The method of claim 30, further comprising the step of:

operating a switching network coupled to the input power bus, the output power bus, and the power terminals of a plurality of metal-air fuel cell battery subsystems, in response to control signals from said controller, to;

selectively couple the input power bus to the power terminals of one or more of the plurality of metal-air fuel cell battery subsystems;

to selectively couple the output power bus to the power terminals of one or more of the plurality of metal-air fuel cell battery subsystems; and

to selectively couple together the power terminals of two or more of the metal-air fuel cell battery subsystems.

47. A method for supplying power to an appliance comprising a system housing with at least one electrical-energy-consuming load device disposed therein, the method comprising the steps of:

providing a power supply unit for integration into the system housing, the power supply unit having a metal-air fuel cell battery subsystem disposed within a modular housing, the metal-air fuel cell battery subsystem comprising at least one metal-air fuel cell capable of generating and storing electrical power, and wherein consumed metal-fuel is unloaded from and metal-fuel is loaded into the metal-air fuel cell battery subsystem to thereby refuel the metal-air fuel cell battery subsystem, said modular housing including at least one recess into which metal-fuel is manually loaded into the metal-air fuel cell battery subsystem and from which consumed metal-fuel is manually unloaded from the metal-air fuel cell battery subsystem, the metal-fuel being disposed on card structure that is manually loaded into and unloaded from the recess the card structure including a plurality of distinct metal-fuel elements integrated therein; and

providing a control subsystem programmed to operate in a discharging mode to enable electrical connection from the metal-fuel cell battery subsystem to the electrical power-consuming load device to thereby supply electrical power to the electrical power-consuming load device, and programmed to operate in a recharging mode to enable electrical connection from an external power source to the metal-fuel cell battery to thereby recharge the metal-air fuel cell battery subsystem.

48. The method of claim 47, wherein electrical power provided to the electrical power-consuming load device is supplied solely by electrical power supplied by the metal-air fuel cell battery subsystem.

49. The method of claim 47, wherein electrical power provided to the electrical power-consuming load device is supplied solely by electrical power generated by discharging metal-fuel in the metal-air fuel cell battery subsystem.

50. The method of claim 47, further comprising an input power bus and output power bus both coupled to the metal-air fuel cell battery subsystem, wherein the input power bus provides an electrical connection from the external power source to the metal-fuel cell battery subsystem in the recharging mode to thereby recharge the metal-air fuel cell battery system, and wherein the output power bus provides an electrical connection from the metal-fuel cell battery subsystem to said electrical power-consuming load device in the discharging mode to thereby provide electrical power to the electrical power-consuming load device.

51. The method of claim 50, wherein the metal-air fuel cell battery subsystem comprises a network of metal-air fuel cell modules each comprising a plurality of metal-air fuel cells, wherein the network of metal-air fuel cell modules includes a first set of modules distinct from a second set of modules;

and wherein said controller operates the first set of modules in discharging mode concurrent with operation of the second set of modules in recharging mode.

52. The method of claim 50, wherein the metal-air fuel cell battery subsystem comprises a plurality of metal-air fuel cells including a first set of metal-air fuel cells distinct from a second set of fuel cells;

and said controller operates the first set of fuel cells in discharging mode concurrent with operation of the second set of fuel cells in recharging mode.

53. The method of claim 52, wherein the metal-fuel is disposed in a cartridge that is that is manually loaded into and unloaded from the recess.

54. The method of claim 47, wherein the appliance comprises a portable electronic device.

55. The method of claim 54, wherein the portable electronic device is one of the following:

radio, disc player, music playing devices, camcorder, other video playing/recording devices, telephone, PDA, communication devices.

56. The method of claim 47, where the appliance comprises one of the following:

television, audio equipment, washing machine, refrigerator, freezer, oven, stove, furnace, air conditioner.

57. The method of claim 47, wherein the appliance comprises an electrical-energy consuming device.

58. The method of claim 47, wherein the external power source comprises a public electric utility grid.

59. The method of claim 47, wherein the external power source derives energy from a public utility grid.

60. The method of claim 47, wherein the external power source comprises a wind-driven power generator.

61. The method of claim 47, wherein the external power source comprises a generator that derives energy from solar energy.

62. The method of claim 50, further comprising the step of:

operating a switching network coupled to the input power bus, the output power bus, and the power terminals of a plurality of metal-air fuel cell battery subsystems, in response to control signals from said controller, to;

selectively couple the input power bus to the power terminals of one or more of the plurality of metal-air fuel cell battery subsystems;

to selectively couple the output power bus to the power terminals of one or more of the plurality of metal-air fuel cell battery subsystems; and

to selectively couple together the power terminals of two or more of the metal-air fuel cell battery subsystems.

63. A method for supplying power to a computer processing apparatus comprising a system housing with at least one electrical-energy-consuming load device disposed therein, the method comprising the steps of:

providing a power supply unit for integration into the system housing, the power supply unit having a metal-air fuel cell battery subsystem disposed within a modular housing, the metal-air fuel cell battery susbsystem comprising at least one metal-air fuel cell capable of generating and storing electrical power, and wherein consumed metal-fuel is unloaded from and metal-fuel is loaded into the metal-air fuel cell battery subsystem to thereby refuel the metal-air fuel cell battery subsystem; and

providing a control subsystem programmed to operate in a discharging mode to enable electrical connection from the metal-fuel cell battery subsystem to the electrical power-consuming load device to thereby supply electrical power to the electrical power-consuming load device, and programmed to operate in a recharging mode to enable electrical connection from an external power source to the metal-fuel cell battery to thereby recharge the metal-air fuel cell battery subsystem.

64. The method of claim 63, wherein electrical power provided to the electrical power-consuming load device is supplied solely by electrical power supplied by the metal-air fuel cell battery subsystem.

65. The method of claim 63, wherein electrical power provided to the electrical power-consuming load device is supplied solely by electrical power generated by discharging metal-fuel in the metal-air fuel cell battery subsystem.

66. The method of claim 63, further comprising an input power bus and output power bus both coupled to the metal-air fuel cell battery subsystem, wherein the input power bus provides an electrical connection from the external power source to the metal-fuel cell battery subsystem in the recharging mode to thereby recharge the metal-air fuel cell battery system, and wherein the output power bus provides an electrical connection from the metal-fuel cell battery subsystem to said electrical power-consuming load device in the discharging mode to thereby provide electrical power to the electrical power-consuming load device.

67. The method of claim 66, wherein the metal-air fuel cell battery subsystem comprises a network of metal-air fuel cell modules each comprising a plurality of metal-air fuel cells, wherein the network of metal-air fuel cell modules includes a first set of modules distinct from a second set of modules;

and wherein said controller operates the first set of modules in discharging mode concurrent with operation of the second set of modules in recharging mode.

68. The method of claim 66, wherein the metal-air fuel cell battery subsystem comprises a plurality of metal-air fuel cells including a first set of metal-air fuel cells distinct from a second set of fuel cells;

and said controller operates the first set of fuel cells in discharging mode concurrent with operation of the second set of fuel cells in recharging mode.

69. The method of claim 63, wherein said modular housing includes at least one recess into which metal-fuel is manually loaded into the metal-air fuel cell battery subsystem and from which consumed metal-fuel is manually unloaded from the metal-air fuel cell battery subsystem.

70. The method of claim 69, wherein the metal-fuel is disposed on a card structure that is manually loaded into and unloaded from the recess.

71. The method of claim 68, wherein the metal-fuel is disposed in a cartridge that is that is manually loaded into and unloaded from the recess.

72. The method of claim 71, wherein the cartridge holds metal-fuel tape.

73. The method of claim 71, wherein the cartridge holds sheets of metal-fuel.

74. The method of claim 71, wherein the cartridge stores a paste including anode particles material suspended in a liquid ionically-conducting medium.

75. The method of claim 63, wherein the external power source comprises a public electric utility grid.

76. The method of claim 63, wherein the external power source derives energy from a public utility grid.

77. The method of claim 63, wherein the external power source comprises a wind-driven power generator.

78. The method of claim 63, wherein the external power source comprises a generator that derives energy from solar energy.

79. The method of claim 66, further comprising the step of:

operating a switching network coupled to the input power bus, the output power bus, and the power terminals of a plurality of metal-air fuel celll battery subsystems, in response to control signals from said controller, to;

selectively couple the input power bus to the power terminals of one or more of the plurality of metal-air fuel cell battery subsystems;

to selectively couple the output power bus to the power terminals of one or more of the plurality of metal-air fuel cell battery subsystems; and

to selectively couple together the power terminals of two or more of the metal-air fuel cell battery subsystems.

80. A method for supplying power to a power tool comprising a system housing with at least one electrical-energy-consuming load device disposed therein, the method comprising the steps of:

providing a power supply unit for integration into the system housing, the power supply unit having a metal-air fuel cell battery subsystem disposed within a modular housing, the metal-air fuel cell battery subsystem comprising at least one metal-air fuel cell capable of generating and storing electrical power, and wherein consumed metal-fuel is unloaded from and metal-fuel is loaded into the metal-air fuel cell battery subsystem to thereby refuel the metal-air fuel cell battery subsystem; and

providing a control subsystem programmed to operate in a discharge mode to enable electrical connection from the metal-fuel cell battery subsystem to the electrical power-consuming load device to thereby supply electrical power to the electrical power-consuming load device, and programmed to operate in a recharge mode to enable electrical connection from external power source to the metal-fuel cell battery to thereby recharge the metal-air fuel cell battery subsystem.

81. The method of claim 80, wherein electrical power provided to the electrical power-consuming load device is supplied solely by electrical power supplied by the metal-air fuel cell battery subsystem.

82. The method of claim 80, wherein electrical power provided to the electrical power-consuming load device is supplied solely by electrical power generated by discharging metal-fuel in the metal-air fuel cell battery subsystem.

83. The method of claim 80, further comprising an input power bus and output power bus both coupled to the metal-air fuel cell battery subsystem, wherein the input power bus provides an electrical connection from the external power source to the metal-fuel cell battery subsystem in the recharging mode to thereby recharge the metal-air fuel cell battery system, and wherein the output power bus provides an electrical connection from the metal-fuel cell battery subsystem to said electrical power-consuming load device in the discharging mode to thereby provide electrical power to the electrical power-consuming load device.

84. The method of claim 83, wherein the metal-air fuel cell battery subsystem comprises a network of metal-air fuel cell modules each comprising a plurality of metal-air fuel cells, wherein the network of metal-air fuel cell modules includes a first set of modules distinct from a second set of modules;

and wherein said controller operates the first set of modules in discharging mode concurrent with operation of the second set of modules in recharging mode.

85. The method of claim 83, wherein the metal-air fuel cell battery subsystem comprises a plurality of metal-air fuel cells including a first set of metal-air fuel cells distinct from a second set of fuel cells;

and said controller operates the first set of fuel cells in discharging mode concurrent with operation of the second set of fuel cells in recharging mode.

86. The method of claim 80, wherein said modular housing includes at least one recess into which metal-fuel is manually loaded into the metal-air fuel cell battery subsystem and from which consumed metal-fuel is manually unloaded from the metal-air fuel cell battery subsystem.

87. The method of claim 86, wherein the metal-fuel is disposed on a card structure that is manually loaded into and unloaded from the recess.

88. The method of claim 85, wherein the metal-fuel is disposed in a cartridge that is that is manually loaded into and unloaded from the recess.

89. The method of claim 88, wherein the cartridge holds metal-fuel tape.

90. The method of claim 88, wherein the cartridge holds sheetsof metal-fuel.

91. The method of claim 88, wherein the cartridge stores a paste including anode material particles suspended in a liquid ionically-conducting medium.

92. The method of claim 80, wherein the external power source comprises a public electric utility grid.

93. The method of claim 80, wherein the external power source derives energy from a public utility grid.

94. The method of claim 80, wherein the external power source comprises a wind-driven power generator.

95. The method of claim 80, wherein the external power source comprises a generator that derives energy from solar energy.

96. The method of claim 85, further comprising the step of:

operating a switching network coupled to the input power bus, the output power bus, and the power terminals of a plurality of metal-air fuel cell battery subsystems, in response to control signals from said controller, to;

selectively couple the input power bus to the power terminals of one or more of the plurality of metal-air fuel cell battery subsystems;

to selectively couple the output power bus to the power terminals of one or more of the plurality of metal-air fuel cell battery subsystems; and

to selectively couple together the power terminals of two or more of the metal-air fuel cell battery subsystems.