Contextual models and methods for inferring attention and location

• US 6,601,012 B1
• Filed: 06/17/2000
• Issued: 07/29/2003
• Est. Priority Date: 03/16/2000
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Microsoft Technology Licensing LLC (Microsoft Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Microsoft Corporation
• Inventors: Horvitz, Eric J., Jacobs, Andrew W., Kadie, Carl M., Hovel, David O.
• Primary Examiner(s): SHAH, KAMINI S
• Application Number:
  US09/596,364
• Time in Patent Office: 1,137 Days
• Field of Search: 702/150, 706/12, 709/223, 709/206, 709/100, 707/500, 345/707
• US Class Current: 702/150
• CPC Class Codes: G06Q 10/107 Computer-aided management of electronic mailing [e-mailing]
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 12/1895 for short real-time information, e.g. alarms, notifications, alerts, updates
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 51/214 using selective forwarding
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 51/224 providing notification on incoming messages, e.g. pushed notifications of received messages
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 67/306 User profiles
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 67/51 Discovery or management thereof, e.g. service location protocol [SLP] or web services
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 67/52 specially adapted for the location of the user terminal
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 67/54 Presence management, e.g. monitoring or registration for receipt of user log-on information, or the connection status of the users
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 67/55 Push-based network services
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 67/61 taking into account QoS or priority requirements
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 67/62 Establishing a time schedule for servicing the requests
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 67/63 Routing a service request depending on the request content or context
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 67/75 Indicating network or usage conditions on the user display
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 69/329 in the application layer [OSI layer 7]

Abstract

Determination of the current context of the user, such as the user'"'"'s current location and attentional state, is disclosed. The determined context can be used to assist determination as to whether, when and how notifications intended for the user should be conveyed to him or her. In varying embodiments of the invention, the context is determined via one or more of: direct specification by the user; direct measurement using one or more sensors; a user-modifiable profile indicating context; one or more potentially user-modifiable rules that indicate context; and, and inferential analysis utilizing a model, such as a Bayesian network or other statistical model.

Claims

1. A computer-implemented method for utilizing in conjunction with a platform for conveying notifications from one or more notification sources to one or more notification sinks for a user, comprising at least one of:

inferring a current attentional focus of the user; and

,

inferring a current location of the user.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising outputting a current context of the user including the current attentional focus of the user and the current location of the user.

3. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining the current attentional focus of the user by measuring the focus via one or more sensors.

4. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining the current location of the user by measuring the location via one or more sensors.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein the one or more sensors comprises a GPS device.

6. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining the current attentional focus of the user by receiving specification of the focus by the user.

7. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining the current location of the user by receiving specification of the location by the user.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein inferring the current attentional focus of the user comprises utilizing at least one of a user profile and rules specifying the focus.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein the user profile comprises a default profile modifiable by the user.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein inferring the current location of the user comprises utilizing at least one of a user profile and rules specifying the focus.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein the user profile comprises a default profile modifiable by the user.

12. The method of claim 1, wherein inferring the focus comprises utilizing at least one of a Bayesian model and a statistical model.

13. The method of claim 1, wherein inferring the location comprises utilizing at least one of a Bayesian model and a statistical model.

14. A machine-readable medium having instructions stored thereon for execution by a processor to perform a method comprising:

determining a current context of a user, the context of the user comprising an attentional focus of the user and a location of the user, determining the current context of the user comprising;

determining the current attentional focus of the user, via at least one of;

directly measuring the focus via one or more sensors;

receiving direct specification of the focus by the user;

utilizing at least one of a first user profile and first rules specifying the focus;

inferring the focus;

determining the current location of the user, via at least one of;

directly measuring the location via the one or more sensors;

receiving direct specification of the location by the user;

utilizing at least one of a second user profile and second rules specifying the location; and

,

inferring the location.

15. The medium of claim 14, wherein the one or more sensors comprises a GPS device.

16. The medium of claim 14, wherein at least one of the first user profile and the second user profile comprises a default profile modifiable by the user.

17. The medium of claim 14, wherein inferring the focus comprising utilizing at least one of a Bayesian model and a statistical model.

18. The medium of claim 14, wherein inferring the location comprises utilizing at least one of Bayesian model and a statistical model.

19. A machine-readable medium having instructions stored thereon for execution by a processor to performed a method comprising:

determining a current context of a user in connection with conveying a notification, via at least one of;

directly measuring the context via one or more sensors;

receiving direct specification of the context by the user;

utilizing at least one of a user profile and rules specifying the context; and

,

inferring the context.

20. The medium of claim 19, wherein the context comprises an attentional focus of the user.

21. The medium of claim 19, wherein the context comprises a location of the user.

22. The medium of claim 19, wherein the method further comprises outputting the current context.

23. The medium of claim 19, wherein the one or more sensors comprises a GPS device.

24. The medium of claim 19, wherein the user profile comprises a default profile modifiable by the user.

25. The medium of claim 19, wherein inferring the context comprises utilizing at least one of a Bayesian model and a statistical model.

26. A method that facilitates conveying notifications, comprising:

inferring a current attentional focus of a user;

inferring a location of a user; and

making a notification decision regarding the user based at least in part upon the inferred current attentional focus of the user and the inferred location of the user.

27. The method of claim 26, further comprising selecting at least one of a plurality of notifications to convey to the user, the selecting being based at least in part upon the inferred current attentional focus of the user and the inferred location of the user.

28. The method of claim 27, further comprising performing a decision-theoretic analysis relating to the inferred location of the user.

29. A notification system, comprising:

a plurality of notification sources;

a plurality of notification sinks;

a user mechanism that stores information regarding variables and parameters of a user that influence notification decision-making, the stored information comprising an inferred attentional focus of a user and an inferred location of a user; and

a notification manager that conveys notifications from a subset of the sources to a subset of the sinks based at least in part upon the information stored in the user mechanism.

30. The system of claim 29, the notification manager performing a decision-theoretic analysis relating to inferring the location of the user.

31. The system of claim 29, the notification manager determining how a notification should be conveyed.

32. The system of claim 31, the notification being conveyed in a summarized form.