Determining a spatial signature using a robust calibration signal

• US 6,668,161 B2
• Filed: 04/29/2002
• Issued: 12/23/2003
• Est. Priority Date: 05/01/1998
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Intel Corporation
• Original Assignee: ArrayComm LLC (Ygomi LLC)
• Inventors: Boros, Tibor, Barratt, Craig H., Uhlik, Christopher R., Trott, Mitchell D.
• Primary Examiner(s): Appiah, Charles
• Assistant Examiner(s): Moore, James K
• Application Number:
  US10/135,979
• Publication Number:
  US 20020155818A1
• Time in Patent Office: 603 Days
• Field of Search: 455/67.11, 455/67.14, 455/562, 370/310, 370/328, 342/174, 342/378
• US Class Current: 455/67.14
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 1/246 specially adapted for base stations
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 3/2605 Array of radiating elements provided with a feedback control over the element weights, e.g. adaptive arrays
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 3/267 Phased-array testing or checking devices
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 17/10 of transmitters
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 17/11 for calibration
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 17/12 of transmit antennas, e.g. of the amplitude or phase
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 17/14 of the whole transmission and reception path, e.g. self-test loop-back
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 17/21 for calibration; for correcting measurements
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/005 Control of transmission; Equalising
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/0615 of weighted versions of same signal
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/0617 for beam forming
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/0842 Weighted combining
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/0848 Joint weighting
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 2025/03426 transmission using multiple-input and multiple-output channels
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 25/03343 Arrangements at the transmitter end

Abstract

A partial spatial signature can be determined to be used in calibration. In one embodiment, determining the partial spatial signature includes receiving a first segment of a waveform, the first segment resulting from a radio transmitting a combined signal from a first antenna element, the combined signal comprising the sum of a first signal and a second signal, and calculating a first spatial signature related measurement using the received first segment, the first signal and the second signal. The process may further include receiving a second segment of the waveform, the second segment resulting from the radio transmitting the first signal from the first antenna element, and the radio simultaneously transmitting the second signal from a second antenna element, and calculating a second spatial signature related measurement using the second received segment, the first signal, and the second signal. Then, determining the partial spatial signature may be done using the first spatial signature related measurement and the second spatial signature related measurement.

Claims

1. A method comprising:

receiving a first segment of a waveform, the first segment resulting from a radio transmitting a combined signal from a first antenna element, the combined signal comprising the sum of a first signal and a second signal;

calculating a first spatial signature related measurement using the received first segment, the first signal and the second signal;

receiving a second segment of the waveform, the second segment resulting from the radio transmitting the first signal from the first antenna element, and the radio simultaneously transmitting the second signal from a second antenna element;

calculating a second spatial signature related measurement using the second received segment, the first signal, and the second signal; and

determining a partial spatial signature using the first spatial signature related measurement and the second spatial signature related measurement.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first signal comprises a first tone, and the second signal comprises a second tone.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the first tone and the second tone conform to a phase shift-keyed air interface.

4. The method of claim 2, wherein the first tone is about 24 kHz from a carrier frequency, and the second tone is about 72 kHz from the carrier frequency.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein calculating the first spatial signature related measurement using the first segment, the first signal, and the second signal comprises:

determining a first correlation by cross-correlating the first segment with a copy of the first signal;

determining a second correlation by cross-correlating the first segment with a copy of the second signal; and

determining the first spatial signature related measurement by dividing the first cross-correlation by the second cross-correlation.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein calculating the second spatial signature related measurement using the second segment, the first signal, and the second signal comprises:

determining a first correlation by cross-correlating the second segment with a copy of the first signal;

determining a second correlation by cross-correlating the second segment with a copy of the second signal; and

determining the second spatial signature related measurement by dividing the first cross-correlation by the second cross-correlation.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the partial spatial signature using the first spatial signature related measurement and the second spatial signature related measurement comprises multiplying the first spatial signature related measurement with the second spatial signature related measurement.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein the first and second spatial signature related measurement both contain a timing factor, and wherein determining a partial spatial signature using the first spatial signature related measurement and the second spatial signature related measurement comprises combining the first spatial signature related measurement with the second spatial signature related measurement so as to cancel out the timing factor.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein the first signal is transmitted from a third antenna element of the radio.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein the partial spatial signature comprises a complete spatial signature related to reception of signals from the radio at a second radio.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein the radio comprises a base station in a wireless radio communications system, and the second radio comprises a remote terminal in the wireless radio communications system.

12. A method comprising:

receiving a first waveform from a first antenna element of a first radio at a second radio;

calculating a first spatial signature related measurement using the received first waveform;

receiving a second waveform from a plurality of antenna elements of the first radio at the second radio,

calculating a second spatial signature related measurement using the received second waveform;

determining a partial spatial signature using the first spatial signature related measurement and the second spatial signature related measurement.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein the first antenna element is one of the plurality of antenna elements.

14. The method of claim 12, wherein the first waveform results from a first radio transmitting a combined signal from the first antenna element, the combined signal comprising a combination of a plurality of signals.

15. The method of claim 14, wherein the second waveform results from the first radio transmitting the plurality of signals from the plurality of antenna elements, each signal corresponding with one antenna element.

16. The method of claim 14, wherein the combination of the plurality of signals comprises a sum of the plurality of signals.

17. The method of claim 12, wherein the first spatial signature related measurement comprises a timing measurement, and determining the partial spatial signature comprises correcting a timing error of the second spatial signature related measurement using the timing measurement.

18. The method of claim 12, wherein the first waveform is robust with respect to timing offset.

19. The method of claim 12, wherein the partial spatial signature comprises a complete spatial signature, the complete spatial signature being related to reception of signals from the first radio at the second radio.

20. A machine-readable medium having stored thereon data representing instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform operations comprising:

receiving a first waveform from a first antenna element of a first radio at a second radio;

calculating a first spatial signature related measurement using the received first waveform;

receiving a second waveform from a plurality of antenna elements of the first radio at the second radio,

calculating a second spatial signature related measurement using the received second waveform;

determining a partial spatial signature using the first spatial signature related measurement and the second spatial signature related measurement.

21. The machine-readable medium of claim 20, wherein the first antenna element is one of the plurality of antenna elements.

22. The machine-readable medium of claim 20, wherein the first waveform results from a first radio transmitting a combined signal from the first antenna element, the combined signal comprising a combination of a plurality of signals.

23. The machine-readable medium of claim 22, wherein the second waveform results from the first radio transmitting the plurality of signals from the plurality of antenna elements, each signal corresponding with one antenna element.

24. The machine-readable medium of claim 22, wherein the combination of the plurality of signals comprises a sum of the plurality of signals.

25. The machine-readable medium of claim 20, wherein the first spatial signature related measurement comprises a timing measurement, and determining the partial spatial signature comprises correcting a timing error of the second spatial signature related measurement using the timing measurement.

26. The machine-readable medium of claim 20, wherein the first waveform is robust with respect to timing offset.

27. The method of machine-readable medium 20, wherein the partial spatial signature comprises a complete spatial signature, the complete spatial signature being related to reception of signals from the first radio at the second radio.

28. A communications device comprising:

a receiver for;

receiving a first waveform from a first antenna element of a first radio; and

receiving a second waveform from a plurality of antenna elements of the first radio; and

a processor coupled to the receiver, the processor for;

calculating a first spatial signature related measurement using the received first waveform;

calculating a second spatial signature related measurement using the received second waveform; and

determining a partial spatial signature using the first spatial signature related measurement and the second spatial signature related measurement.

29. The communications device of claim 28, wherein the first antenna element is one of the plurality of antenna elements.

30. The communications device of claim 28, wherein the first waveform results from a first radio transmitting a combined signal from the first antenna element, the combined signal comprising a combination of a plurality of signals.

31. The communications device of claim 30, wherein the second waveform results from the first radio transmitting the plurality of signals from the plurality of antenna elements, each signal corresponding with one antenna element.

32. The communications device of claim 30, wherein the combination of the plurality of signals comprises a sum of the plurality of signals.

33. The communications device of claim 28, wherein the first spatial signature related measurement comprises a timing measurement, and determining the partial spatial signature comprises correcting a timing error of the second spatial signature related measurement using the timing measurement.

34. The communications device of claim 28, wherein the first waveform is robust with respect to timing offset.

35. The communications device of claim 28, wherein the partial spatial signature comprises a complete spatial signature, the complete spatial signature being related to reception of signals from the first radio at the second radio.