Radio frequency data communications device
First Claim
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1. A frequency doubler comprising:
- a first cell including a first pair of transistors having sources that are coupled together, a second pair of transistors having sources that are coupled together, a first one of the transistors of the first pair and a first one of the transistors of the second pair having gates coupled together, a second one of the transistors of the first pair and a second one of the transistors of the second pair having gates coupled together, the first transistor of the first pair and the second transistor of the second pair having drains coupled together, the second transistor of the first pair and the first transistor of the second pair having drains coupled together, the first cell further including a third pair including first and second transistors having sources coupled together, the first transistor of the third pair having a drain coupled to the source of the second transistor of the first pair, the second transistor of the third pair having a drain coupled to the source of the second transistor of the second pair, and the first cell further including a current source coupled to the sources of the third pair and forward biasing the third pair; and
a second cell including a first pair of transistors having sources that are coupled together, a second pair of transistors having sources that are coupled together, a first one of the transistors of the first pair of the second cell and a first one of the transistors of the second pair of the second cell having gates coupled together, a second one of the transistors of the first pair of the second cell and a second one of the transistors of the second pair of the second cell having gates coupled together, the first transistor of the first pair of the second cell and the second transistor of the second pair of the second cell having drains coupled together, the second transistor of the first pair of the second cell and the first transistor of the second pair of the second cell having drains coupled together, the second cell further including a third pair including first and second transistors having sources coupled together, the first transistor of the third pair of the second cell having a drain coupled to the source of the second transistor of the first pair of the second cell, the second transistor of the third pair of the second cell having a drain coupled to the source of the second transistor of the second pair of the second cell, and the second cell further including a current source coupled to the sources of the third pair of the second cell and forward biasing the third pair of the second cell, the second transistor of the third pair of the second cell having a gate defining a third input node of the second cell, and the first transistor of the third pair of the second cell having a gate defining a fourth input node of the second cell; and
the drain of the second transistor of the first pair of the second cell being coupled to the drain of the second transistor of the first pair of the first cell, the drain of the second transistor of the second pair of the second cell being coupled to the drain of the second transistor of the second pair of the first cell;
wherein the first cell is configured to receive a first sinusoidal wave, wherein the second cell is configured to receive a sinusoidal wave shifted from the first sinusoidal wave, and wherein no integrator is employed in the frequency doubler.
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Abstract
A frequency doubler includes a first Gilbert cell, a second Gilbert cell coupled to the first Gilbert cell, a frequency generator configured to apply a first sinusoidal wave to the first Gilbert cell, and a phase shifter applying a sinusoidal wave shifted from the first sinusoidal wave to the second Gilbert cell. A method of doubling frequency without using a feedback loop includes providing a first Gilbert cell, providing a second Gilbert cell coupled to the first Gilbert cell, applying a first sinusoidal wave to the first Gilbert cell, and applying a sinusoidal wave shifted from the first sinusoidal wave to the second Gilbert cell.
168 Citations
4 Claims
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1. A frequency doubler comprising:
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a first cell including a first pair of transistors having sources that are coupled together, a second pair of transistors having sources that are coupled together, a first one of the transistors of the first pair and a first one of the transistors of the second pair having gates coupled together, a second one of the transistors of the first pair and a second one of the transistors of the second pair having gates coupled together, the first transistor of the first pair and the second transistor of the second pair having drains coupled together, the second transistor of the first pair and the first transistor of the second pair having drains coupled together, the first cell further including a third pair including first and second transistors having sources coupled together, the first transistor of the third pair having a drain coupled to the source of the second transistor of the first pair, the second transistor of the third pair having a drain coupled to the source of the second transistor of the second pair, and the first cell further including a current source coupled to the sources of the third pair and forward biasing the third pair; and
a second cell including a first pair of transistors having sources that are coupled together, a second pair of transistors having sources that are coupled together, a first one of the transistors of the first pair of the second cell and a first one of the transistors of the second pair of the second cell having gates coupled together, a second one of the transistors of the first pair of the second cell and a second one of the transistors of the second pair of the second cell having gates coupled together, the first transistor of the first pair of the second cell and the second transistor of the second pair of the second cell having drains coupled together, the second transistor of the first pair of the second cell and the first transistor of the second pair of the second cell having drains coupled together, the second cell further including a third pair including first and second transistors having sources coupled together, the first transistor of the third pair of the second cell having a drain coupled to the source of the second transistor of the first pair of the second cell, the second transistor of the third pair of the second cell having a drain coupled to the source of the second transistor of the second pair of the second cell, and the second cell further including a current source coupled to the sources of the third pair of the second cell and forward biasing the third pair of the second cell, the second transistor of the third pair of the second cell having a gate defining a third input node of the second cell, and the first transistor of the third pair of the second cell having a gate defining a fourth input node of the second cell; and
the drain of the second transistor of the first pair of the second cell being coupled to the drain of the second transistor of the first pair of the first cell, the drain of the second transistor of the second pair of the second cell being coupled to the drain of the second transistor of the second pair of the first cell;
wherein the first cell is configured to receive a first sinusoidal wave, wherein the second cell is configured to receive a sinusoidal wave shifted from the first sinusoidal wave, and wherein no integrator is employed in the frequency doubler.
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2. A method of doubling frequency, the method comprising:
coupling first and second ceils together, the first cell including a first pair of transistors having sources that are coupled together, a second pair of transistors having sources that are coupled together, a first one of the transistors of the first pair and a first one of the transistors of the second pair having gates coupled together, a second one of the transistors of the first pair and a second one of the transistors of the second pair having gates coupled together, the first transistor of the first pair and the second transistor of the second pair having drains coupled together, the second transistor of the first pair and the first transistor of the second pair having drains coupled together, the first cell further including a third pair including first and second transistors having sources coupled together, the first transistor of the third pair having a drain coupled to the source of the second transistor of the first pair, the second transistor of the third pair having a drain coupled to the source of the second transistor of the second pair, and the first cell further including a current source coupled to the sources of the third pair and forward biasing the third pair; and
the second cell including a first pair of transistors having sources that are coupled together, a second pair of transistors having sources that are coupled together, a first one of the transistors of the first pair of the second cell and a first one of the transistors of the second pair of the second cell having gates coupled together, a second one of the transistors of the first pair of the second cell and a second one of the transistors of the second pair of the second cell having gates coupled together, the first transistor of the first pair of the second cell and the second transistor of the second pair of the second cell having drains coupled together, the second transistor of the first pair of the second cell and the first transistor of the second pair of the second cell having drains coupled together, the second cell further including a third pair including first and second transistors having sources coupled together, the first transistor of the third pair of the second cell having a drain coupled to the source of the second transistor of the first pair of the second cell, the second transistor of the third pair of the second cell having a drain coupled to the source of the second transistor of the second pair of the second cell, and the second cell further including a current source coupled to the sources of the third pair of the second cell and forward biasing the third pair of the second cell, the second transistor of the third pair of the second cell having a gate defining a third input node of the second cell, and the first transistor of the third pair of the second cell having a gate defining a fourth input node of the second cell; and
the drain of the second transistor of the first pair of the second cell being coupled to the drain of the second transistor of the first pair of the first cell, the drain of the second transistor of the second pair of the second cell being coupled to the drain of the second transistor of the second pair of the first cell, wherein input signals are applied to the first and second cells without use of an integrator.
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3. An RFID transponder including a frequency multiplier, the frequency multiplier comprising:
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a first cell including a first pair of transistors having sources that are coupled together, a second pair of transistors having sources that are coupled together, a first one of the transistors of the first pair and a first one of the transistors of the second pair having gates coupled together, a second one of the transistors of the first pair and a second one of the transistors of the second pair having gates coupled together, the first transistor of the first pair and the second transistor of the second pair having drains coupled together, the second transistor of the first pair and the first transistor of the second pair having drains coupled together, the first cell further including a third pair including first and second transistors having sources coupled together, the first transistor of the third pair having a drain coupled to the source of the second transistor of the first pair, the second transistor of the third pair having a drain coupled to the source of the second transistor of the second pair, and the first cell further including a current source coupled to the sources of the third pair and forward biasing the third pair; and
a second cell including a first pair of transistors having sources that are coupled together, a second pair of transistors having sources that are coupled together, a first one of the transistors of the first pair of the second cell and a first one of the transistors of the second pair of the second cell having gates coupled together, a second one of the transistors of the first pair of the second cell and a second one of the transistors of the second pair of the second cell having gates coupled together, the first transistor of the first pair of the second cell and the second transistor of the second pair of the second cell having drains coupled together, the second transistor of the first pair of the second cell and the first transistor of the second pair of the second cell having drains coupled together, the second cell further including a third pair including first and second transistors having sources coupled together, the first transistor of the third pair of the second cell having a drain coupled to the source of the second transistor of the first pair of the second cell, the second transistor of the third pair of the second cell having a drain coupled to the source of the second transistor of the second pair of the second cell, and the second cell further including a current source coupled to the sources of the third pair of the second cell and forward biasing the third pair of the second cell, the second transistor of the third pair of the second cell having a gate defining a third input node of the second cell, and the first transistor of the third pair of the second cell having a gate defining a fourth input node of the second cell; and
the drain of the second transistor of the first pair of the second cell being coupled to the drain of the second transistor of the first pair of the first cell, the drain of the second transistor of the second pair of the second cell being coupled to the drain of the second transistor of the second pair of the first cell, wherein no integrator is employed in the frequency multiplier.
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4. A frequency doubler comprising:
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a first Gilbert cell having first and second inputs;
a second Gilbert cell having third and fourth inputs, coupled to the first Gilbert cell;
the first Gilbert cell being configured to receive first and second generally sinusoidal input signals at the first and second inputs, respectively, the second input signal being generally shifted 180°
from the first input signal, the second Gilbert cell being configured to receive third and fourth generally sinusoidal input signals at the third and fourth inputs, respectively, the third input signal being generally shifted 90°
from the first input signal, the fourth input signal being generally shifted 270°
from the first sinusoidal input, the frequency doubler having first and second outputs and being configured to provide first and second generally sinusoidal output signals at the first and second outputs, respectively in response to the first, second, third, and fourth inputs, the second output signal being generally shifted 180°
from the first output signal, wherein the first and second output signals have generally the same average output values without need for an integrator between the first and second inputs and third and fourth inputs.
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Specification