Method of detecting and resolving memory effect

• US 6,700,383 B2
• Filed: 06/17/2002
• Issued: 03/02/2004
• Est. Priority Date: 06/20/2001
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Matsushita Electric Industrial Company Limited (Panasonic Holdings Corporation), Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha (Toyota Motor Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Matsushita Electric Industrial Company Limited (Panasonic Holdings Corporation)
• Inventors: Toyota, Masayoshi, Kimura, Tadao, Yamabe, Norito, Murakami, Yusai
• Primary Examiner(s): TIBBITS, PIA FLORENCE
• Application Number:
  US10/174,204
• Publication Number:
  US 20020195999A1
• Time in Patent Office: 624 Days
• Field of Search: 324/429, 324/104, 324/106, 324/428, 324/431, 320/131, 320/130, 320/132, 320/150, 320/152, 320/133, 702/63, 340/636.1, 340/636-1-6, 307/10.1, 307/9.1, 307/10.7
• US Class Current: 324/429
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/545 Temperature
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/547 Voltage
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/549 Current
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/80 Time limits
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 3/0046 relating to electric energy storage systems, e.g. batteries or capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 50/16 with provision for separate direct mechanical propulsion
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 50/61 by batteries charged by engine-driven generators, e.g. series hybrid electric vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/14 Conductive energy transfer
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/13 Maintaining the SoC within a determined range
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/14 Preventing excessive discharging
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/18 of two or more battery modules
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/24 for controlling the temperature of batteries
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 31/378 specially adapted for the type of battery or accumulator
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 31/3842 combining voltage and current measurements
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 31/385 Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables for monitoring G01R31/382
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/62 Hybrid vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/7072 Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/14 Plug-in electric vehicles

Abstract

A method of detecting and resolving a memory effect capable of detecting the memory effect with ease and with high precision and resolving even when the vehicle is in motion is provided. A current in a secondary battery is detected, a variation ΔSOC in a residual battery capacity for a predetermined time period is calculated according to at least current integration by multiplying the detected current by a predetermined charge efficiency (S302), a temperature of the secondary battery is detected and a variation ΔV in a no-load voltage for the predetermined time period is calculated based on the detected current, and an internal resistance corresponding to the detected temperature and the SOC is calculated (S303). A ratio k of the variation in the no-load voltage to the variation in the residual battery capacity is calculated (S304). If the ratio exceeds a predetermined threshold value kst, then the battery is judged to have a memory effect (S307), and the usage range of the SOC is extended for a predetermined time period (S308) or the correction of the SOC using voltages is prohibited for a predetermined time period(S309).

Claims

1. A method for detecting a memory effect comprising the steps of:

detecting a current flowing through a secondary battery configured by combining a plurality of single cells into an assembled battery;

performing an operation on a variation in a residual battery capacity for a predetermined time period according to at least current integration by multiplying the detected current by a predetermined charge efficiency;

detecting a temperature of the secondary battery;

calculating a variation in a no-load voltage for the predetermined time period, based on the detected current and an internal resistance corresponding to the detected temperature and the residual battery capacity obtained by the operation;

calculating a ratio of the variation in the no-load voltage to the variation in the residual battery capacity; and

if the ratio of the variation in the no-load voltage to the variation in the residual battery capacity is not less than a predetermined threshold value, judging as a memory effect occurring in the secondary battery.

2. The method for detecting a memory effect according to claim 1,

wherein the predetermined charge efficiency is determined based on the detected temperature and the residual battery capacity obtained by the current operation.

3. The method for detecting a memory effect according to claim 1,

wherein the predetermined threshold value is determined based on a level of memory effect intended to be judged.

4. A method for resolving a memory effect detected by a memory effect detecting method that includes the steps of:

detecting a current flowing through a secondary battery configured by combining a plurality of single cells into an assembled battery;

performing an operation on a variation in a residual battery capacity for a predetermined time period according to at least current integration by multiplying the detected current by a predetermined charge efficiency;

detecting a temperature of the secondary battery;

calculating a variation in a no-load voltage for the predetermined time period, based on the detected current and an internal resistance corresponding to the detected temperature and the residual battery capacity obtained by the operation;

calculating a ratio of the variation in the no-load voltage to the variation in the residual battery capacity; and

if the ratio of the variation in the no-load voltage to the variation in the residual battery capacity is not less than a predetermined threshold value, judging as memory effect occurring in the secondary battery,

the method for resolving a memory effect comprising;

if the battery is judged to have a memory effect according to the memory effect detecting method, setting a control range of the residual battery capacity broader than a normal usage range.

5. A method for resolving a memory effect detected by a memory effect detecting method that includes the steps of:

detecting a current flowing through a secondary battery configured by combining a plurality of single cells into an assembled battery;

performing an operation on a variation in a residual battery capacity for a predetermined time period according to at least current integration by multiplying the detected current by a predetermined charge efficiency;

detecting a temperature of the secondary battery;

calculating a variation in a no-load voltage for the predetermined time period, based on the detected current and an internal resistance corresponding to the detected temperature and the residual battery capacity obtained by the operation;

calculating a ratio of the variation in the no-load voltage to the variation in the residual battery capacity; and

if the ratio of the variation in the no-load voltage to the variation in the residual battery capacity is not less than a predetermined threshold value, judging as a memory effect occurring in the secondary battery,

the method for resolving a memory effect comprising;

if the battery is judged to have a memory effect according to the memory effect detecting method, prohibiting correction of a residual battery capacity obtained by the operation based on a voltage variation for a predetermined time period.

6. A method for detecting a memory effect comprising the steps of:

detecting a current flowing through a secondary battery configured by combining a plurality of single cells into an assembled battery and used in a middle charge state;

performing an operation on a variation in a residual battery capacity for a predetermined time period according to at least current integration by multiplying the detected current by a predetermined charge efficiency;

detecting a temperature of the secondary battery;

calculating a variation in a no-load voltage for the predetermined time period, based on the detected current and an internal resistance corresponding to the detected temperature and the residual battery capacity obtained by the operation;

calculating a ratio of the variation in the no-load voltage to the variation in the residual battery capacity; and

if the ratio of the variation in the no-load voltage to the variation in the residual battery capacity is not less than a predetermined threshold value, judging as a memory effect occurring in the secondary battery.

7. The method for detecting a memory effect according to claim 6,

wherein the predetermined charge efficiency is determined based on the detected temperature and the residual battery capacity obtained by the current operation.

8. The method for detecting a memory effect according to claim 6,

wherein the predetermined threshold value is determined based on a level of memory effect intended to be judged.

9. A method for resolving a memory effect detected by a memory effect detecting method that includes the steps of:

detecting a current flowing through a secondary battery configured by combining a plurality of single cells into an assembled battery and used in a middle charge state;

performing an operation on a variation in a residual battery capacity for a predetermined time period according to at least current integration by multiplying the detected current by a predetermined charge efficiency;

detecting a temperature of the secondary battery;

calculating a variation in a no-load voltage for the predetermined time period, based on the detected current and an internal resistance corresponding to the detected temperature and the residual battery capacity obtained by the operation;

calculating a ratio of the variation in the no-load voltage to the variation in the residual battery capacity; and

if the ratio of the variation in the no-load voltage to the variation in the residual battery capacity is not less than a predetermined threshold value, judging as a memory effect occurring in the secondary battery,

the method for resolving a memory effect comprising;

if the battery is judged to have a memory effect according to the memory effect detecting method, setting a control range of the residual battery capacity broader than a normal usage range.

10. A method for resolving a memory effect detected by a memory effect detecting method that includes the steps of:

detecting a current flowing through a secondary battery configured by combining a plurality of single cells into an assembled battery and used in a middle charge state;

performing an operation on a variation in a residual battery capacity for a predetermined time period according to at least current integration by multiplying the detected current by a predetermined charge efficiency;

detecting a temperature of the secondary battery;

calculating a variation in a no-load voltage for the predetermined time period, based on the detected current and an internal resistance corresponding to the detected temperature and the residual battery capacity obtained by the operation;

calculating a ratio of the variation in the no-load voltage to the variation in the residual battery capacity; and

if the ratio of the variation in the no-load voltage to the variation in the residual battery capacity is not less than a predetermined threshold value, judging as a memory effect occurring in the secondary battery,

the method for resolving a memory effect comprising;

if the battery is judged to have a memory effect according to the memory effect detecting method, prohibiting correction of a residual battery capacity obtained by the operation based on a voltage variation for a predetermined time period.

11. A method for detecting a memory effect comprising the steps of:

detecting a current flowing through a secondary battery configured by combining a plurality of single cells into an assembled battery;

detecting an output voltage from the secondary battery while associating the output voltage with the detected current;

calculating a no-load voltage at the detected current being zero, based on a variation in the output voltage with respect to the detected current for a predetermined time period;

performing an operation on a residual battery capacity for the predetermined time period according to at least current integration by multiplying the detected current by a predetermined charge efficiency, based on the calculated no-load voltage;

calculating a correlation coefficient between the no-load voltage and the residual battery capacity obtained by the operation in a predetermined variation range; and

if the correlation coefficient is not more than a predetermined threshold value, judging as a memory effect occurring in the secondary battery.

12. The method for detecting a memory effect according to claim 11,

wherein a temperature of the secondary battery is detected, and the predetermined charge efficiency is determined based on the detected temperature and the residual battery capacity obtained by the current operation.

13. The method for detecting a memory effect according to claim 11,

wherein the calculation of the no-load voltage is carried out when a deviation of the output voltage corresponding to the detected current within predetermined ranges in a charge direction and a discharge direction is within a predetermined variance range.

14. The method for detecting a memory effect according to claim 11,

wherein the predetermined threshold value is determined based on a level of memory effect intended to be judged.

15. A method for resolving a memory effect detected by a memory effect detecting method that includes the steps of:

detecting a current flowing through a secondary battery configured by combining a plurality of single cells into an assembled battery;

detecting an output voltage from the secondary battery while associating the output voltage with the detected current;

calculating a no-load voltage at the detected current being zero, based on a variation in the output voltage with respect to the detected current for a predetermined time period;

performing an operation on a residual battery capacity for the predetermined time period according to at least current integration by multiplying the detected current by a predetermined charge efficiency, based on the calculated no-load voltage;

calculating a correlation coefficient between the no-load voltage and the residual battery capacity obtained by the operation in a predetermined variation range; and

if the correlation coefficient is not more than a predetermined threshold value, judging as a memory effect occurring in the secondary battery,

the method for resolving a memory effect comprising;

if the battery is judged to have a memory effect according to the memory effect detecting method, calculating an area formed by a variation curve of the no-load voltage versus a residual battery capacity in a normal usage range, and

based on a difference between the area and an area formed by a variation curve of the no-load voltage versus a residual battery capacity in the normal usage range when a memory effect does not occur, setting a control range of the residual battery capacity broader than the normal usage range.

16. A method for resolving a memory effect detected by a memory effect detecting method that includes the steps of:

detecting a current flowing through a secondary battery configured by combining a plurality of single cells into an assembled battery;

detecting an output voltage from the secondary battery while associating the output voltage with the detected current;

calculating a no-load voltage at the detected current being zero, based on a variation in the output voltage with respect to the detected current for a predetermined time period;

performing an operation on a residual battery capacity for the predetermined time period according to at least current integration by multiplying the detected current by a predetermined charge efficiency, based on the calculated no-load voltage;

calculating a correlation coefficient between the no-load voltage and the residual battery capacity obtained by the operation in a predetermined variation range; and

if the correlation coefficient is not more than a predetermined threshold value, judging as a memory effect occurring in the secondary battery,

the method for resolving a memory effect comprising;

if the battery is judged to have a memory effect according to the memory effect detecting method, calculating an area formed by a variation curve of the no-load voltage versus a residual battery capacity in a normal usage range, and

based on a difference between the area and an area formed by a variation curve of the no-load voltage versus a residual battery capacity in the normal usage range when a memory effect does not occur, prohibiting correction of a residual battery capacity obtained by the operation based on a voltage variation for a predetermined time period.

17. A method for detecting a memory effect comprising the steps of:

detecting a current flowing through a secondary battery configured by combining a plurality of single cells into an assembled battery and used in a middle charge state;

detecting an output voltage from the secondary battery while associating the output voltage with the detected current;

calculating a no-load voltage at the detected current being zero, based on a variation in the output voltage with respect to the detected current for a predetermined time period;

performing an operation on a residual battery capacity for the predetermined time period according to at least current integration by multiplying the detected current by a predetermined charge efficiency, based on the calculated no-load voltage;

calculating a correlation coefficient between the no-load voltage and the residual battery capacity obtained by the operation in a predetermined variation range; and

if the correlation coefficient is not more than a predetermined threshold value, judging as a memory effect occurring in the secondary battery.

18. The method for detecting a memory effect according to claim 17,

wherein a temperature of the secondary battery is detected, and the predetermined charge efficiency is determined based on the detected temperature and the residual battery capacity obtained by the current operation.

19. The method for detecting a memory effect according to claim 17,

wherein the calculation of the no-load voltage is carried out when a deviation of the output voltage corresponding to the detected current within predetermined ranges in a charge direction and a discharge direction is within a predetermined variance range.

20. The method for detecting a memory effect according to claim 17,

wherein the predetermined threshold value is determined based on a level of memory effect intended to be judged.

21. A method for resolving a memory effect detected by a memory effect detecting method that includes the steps of:

detecting a current flowing through a secondary battery configured by combining a plurality of single cells into an assembled battery and used in a middle charge state;

detecting an output voltage from the secondary battery while associating the output voltage with the detected current;

calculating a no-load voltage at the detected current being zero, based on a variation in the output voltage with respect to the detected current for a predetermined time period;

performing an operation on a residual battery capacity for the predetermined time period according to at least current integration by multiplying the detected current by a predetermined charge efficiency, based on the calculated no-load voltage;

calculating a correlation coefficient between the no-load voltage and the residual battery capacity obtained by the operation in a predetermined variation range; and

if the correlation coefficient is not more than a predetermined threshold value, judging as a memory effect occurring in the secondary battery,

the method for resolving a memory effect comprising;

if the battery is judged to have a memory effect according to the memory effect detecting method, calculating an area formed by a variation curve of the no-load voltage versus a residual battery capacity in a normal usage range, and

based on a difference between the area and an area formed by a variation curve of the no-load voltage versus a residual battery capacity in the normal usage range when a memory effect does not occur, setting a control range of the residual battery capacity broader than the normal usage range.

22. A method for resolving a memory effect detected by a memory effect detecting method that includes the steps of:

detecting a current flowing through a secondary battery configured by combining a plurality of single cells into an assembled battery and used in a middle charged state;

detecting an output voltage from the secondary battery while associating the output voltage with the detected current;

calculating a no-load voltage at the detected current being zero, based on a variation in the output voltage with respect to the detected current for a predetermined time period;

performing an operation on a residual battery capacity for the predetermined time period according to at least current integration by multiplying the detected current by a predetermined charge efficiency, based on the calculated no-load voltage;

calculating a correlation coefficient between the no-load voltage and the residual battery capacity obtained by the operation in a predetermined variation range; and

if the correlation coefficient is not more than a predetermined threshold value, judging as a memory effect occurring in the secondary battery,

the method for resolving a memory effect comprising;

if the battery is judged to have a memory effect according to the memory effect detecting method, calculating an area formed by a variation curve of the no-load voltage versus to a residual battery capacity in a normal usage range, and

based on a difference between the area and an area formed by a variation curve of the no-load voltage versus a residual battery capacity in the normal usage range when a memory effect does not occur, prohibiting correction of a residual battery capacity obtained by the operation based on a voltage variation for a predetermined time period.