Control of series-resonant inductive pickups

• US 6,705,441 B1
• Filed: 06/25/2002
• Issued: 03/16/2004
• Est. Priority Date: 09/09/1999
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Auckland UniServices Limited (Auckland University)
• Original Assignee: Auckland UniServices Limited (Auckland University)
• Inventors: Stielau, Oskar Heino, Boys, John Talbot
• Primary Examiner(s): Morano, S. Joseph
• Assistant Examiner(s): McCarry, Jr., Robert J.
• Application Number:
  US10/070,620
• Time in Patent Office: 630 Days
• Field of Search: 191/10, 191/2, 191/3, 191/4
• US Class Current: 191/10
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/12 of the resonant type
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 7/217 using semiconductor devices only
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 70/10 Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

Abstract

A series resonant inductive pickup has a bi-directional solid state switch in series with an inductor and a capacitor is controlled by switch control elements capable of causing the switching elements to repetitively be in either an open or a closed state, so that by varying the closed: open ratio of the switch the time-averaged amount of power picked up by the power pickup can be controlled. Switch is controlled by output of a voltage comparing circuit. A reference voltage source provides a basis for comparison of some fraction of a supply voltage in order to cause the switch to operate. The magnitude of capacitance in relation to the current drawn by the load determines the repetition rate of ON or OFF commands to the switch. If the current drawn by the load tends to zero, the proportion of time during which the switch is open will tend to 100%.

Claims

1. An inductive power pickup device having a series resonant circuit comprising a pickup coil and a resonating capacitor selected so that the pickup is capable of resonance at a system-wide frequency, the power pickup device further including power conditioning means capable of converting electricity that has been picked up into a conditioned form suitable for consumption by a load, characterised-in-that apparatus capable of controlling the amount of power picked up by the power pickup device comprises switching means in series with the pickup coil and in series with the resonating capacitor, together with switch controlling means causing the switching means to repetitively be in either an open or a closed state, so that by varying the respective proportion of time that the switching means is either open or is closed the time-averaged amount of power picked up by the power pickup device can be controlled, the pickup coil positioned adjacent a primary inductive conductor for intercepting a magnetic field surrounding the primary inductive conductor.

2. An inductive power pickup device as claimed in claim 1, characterised-in-that the switch control means is capable of providing a repetitive cyclic operation of the switching means which is inversely proportional to the amount of power to be collected by the pickup device.

3. An inductive power pickup device as claimed in claim 1, characterised-in-that the switching means is a solid-state switching means that comprises a set of inverse parallel fast-recovery thyristors.

4. An inductive power pickup device as claimed in claim 1, characterised-in-that the switching means is an asymmetrical silicon-controlled rectifier (ASCR).

5. An inductive power pickup device as claimed in claim 1, characterised-in-that the switch controlling means is capable of responding to the magnitude of the conditioned power in a manner that tends to regulate the magnitude of the conditioned power.

6. An inductive power pickup device as claimed in claim 1, characterised-in-that the switch controlling means is also capable of responding to the instantaneous voltage levels present at each side of the switching means and hence causing the switching means to close at an instant when the voltage levels present at each side of the switching means are substantially the same.

7. An inductive power pickup device as claimed in claim 6, characterised-in-that the switch controlling means is further capable of detecting the current passing through the switching means and is capable of determining when that current is at a zero crossing point, in order to determine an instant at which the switching means may be opened.

8. The pickup device of claim 1, wherein the switch controlling means comprises:

a switching rate determining capacitor connected across an output of the power conditioner means;

a voltage comparing circuit having on output connected to the switching means to control the opening and closing of the switching means;

a reference voltage connected as a first input to the voltage comparing circuit; and

a fractional voltage of an output supply voltage of the power conditioner means connected as a second input to the voltage comparing circuit,

wherein the voltage comparing circuit compares the reference voltage to the fractional voltage of the output supply voltage, and

a capacitance of the switching rate determining capacitor, in relation to a current drawn from the power conditioner means by a load, determines a repetition rate of opening and closing of the switch.

9. An inductive power pickup device having a series resonant circuit comprising a pickup coil and a resonating capacitor selected so that the pickup is capable of resonance at a system-wide frequency, the power pickup device further including power conditioning means capable of converting electricity that has been picked up into a conditioned form suitable for consumption by a load, characterized in that an apparatus capable of controlling the amount of power picked up by the power pickup device comprises switching means in series with the pickup coil and in series with the resonating capacitor, together with switch controlling means capable of causing the switching means to repetitively be in either an open or a closed state, so that by varying the respective proportion of time that the switching means is either open or is closed the time-averaged amount of power picked up by the power pickup device can be controlled and wherein the switch controlling means is capable of responding to the voltage of the conditioned power.

10. An inductive power pickup device as claimed in claim 9, characterized in that the switch controlling means is capable of providing a relatively slow repetitive cyclic operation of the switching means, so that induced resonating currents may substantially die away during a normal “

OFF”

interval.

11. An inductive power pickup device as claimed in claim 10, characterized in that the switch control means is capable of providing a repetitive cyclic operation of the switching means which is inversely proportional to the amount of power to be collected by the pickup device.

12. An inductive power pickup device as claimed in claim 10, characterized in that the switching means comprises a bi-directional solid-state switching means capable of controlling an alternating current.

13. An inductive power pickup device as claimed in claim 12, characterized in that the solid-state switching means comprises a set of inverse parallel fast-recovery thyristors.

14. An inductive power pickup device as claimed in claim 12, characterized in that the switching means is an asymmetrical silicon-controlled rectifier (ASCR).

15. An inductive power pickup device as claimed in claim 10, characterized in that the switch controlling means is capable of responding to the magnitude of the conditioned power in a manner that tends to regulate the magnitude of the conditioned power.

16. An inductive power pickup device as claimed in claim 9, characterized in that the switch controlling means is also capable of responding to the instantaneous voltage levels present at each side of the switching means and hence causing the switching means to close at an instant when the voltage levels present at each side of the switching means are substantially the same.

17. An inductive power pickup device as claimed in claim 9, characterized in that the switch controlling means is further capable of detecting the current passing through the switching means and is capable of determining when that current is at a zero crossing point, in order to determine an instant at which the switching means may be opened.

18. The pickup device of claim 9, wherein the switch controlling means comprises:

a switching rate determining capacitor connected across an output of the power conditioner means;

a voltage comparing circuit comprising an operational amplifier having on output connected to the switching means to control the opening and closing of the switching means;

a reference voltage connected as a first input to the operational amplifier; and

a fractional voltage of an output supply voltage of the power conditioner means connected as a second input to the operational amplifier,

wherein, a capacitance of the switching rate determining capacitor, in relation to a current drawn from the power conditioner means by a load, determines a repetition rate of opening and closing of the switch.

19. An inductive power pickup device, comprising:

a series resonant circuit comprising a switch in series with a pickup coil positioned for intercepting a magnetic field surrounding a primary inductive conductor, the pickup coil in series with a resonating capacitor, the capacitor selected to provide a pickup capable of resonance at a system-wide frequency;

a power conditioner connected across the pickup coil and capacitor for converting electricity that has been picked up by the series resonant circuit into a conditioned power, the conditioned power being at an output of the power conditioner at a supply voltage and in a form suitable for load consumption;

a switch controlling circuit connected to open and close the switch,

the switch controlling circuit being responsive to the supply voltage of the conditioned power in opening and closing the switch,

the switch controlling circuit repetitively opening and closing the switch to vary a time that the switch is open so that a time-averaged amount of power picked up by the series resonant circuit is controlled.

20. The pickup device of claim 19, wherein the switch controlling circuit comprises:

a switching rate determining capacitor connected across the output of the power conditioner;

a voltage comparing circuit having on output connected to the switch to control the opening and closing of the switch;

a reference voltage connected as a first input to the voltage comparing circuit; and

a fractional voltage of the supply voltage of the conditioned power connected as a second input to the voltage comparing circuit,

wherein the voltage comparing circuit compares the reference voltage to the fractional voltage of the supply voltage as a basis for controlling the opening and closing of the switch, and

a capacitance of the switching rate determining capacitor, in relation to a current drawn from the power conditioner by a load, determines a repetition rate of opening and closing of the switch.