Oximeter with nulled op-amp current feedback

• US 6,720,734 B2
• Filed: 08/08/2002
• Issued: 04/13/2004
• Est. Priority Date: 08/08/2002
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Datex-Ohmeda Incorporated (General Electric Company)
• Original Assignee: Datex-Ohmeda Incorporated (General Electric Company)
• Inventors: Norris, Mark A.
• Primary Examiner(s): Clinger, James
• Assistant Examiner(s): Alemu, Ephrem
• Application Number:
  US10/215,935
• Publication Number:
  US 20040030231A1
• Time in Patent Office: 614 Days
• Field of Search: 315/149, 315/291, 315/307, 315/169.3, 600/323, 600/310, 372/38.02, 372/38.07, 356/41
• US Class Current: 315/149
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/14551 for measuring blood gases
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/7225 Details of analog processing, e.g. isolation amplifier, gain or sensitivity adjustment, filtering, baseline or drift compensation A61B5/30, A61B5/316 take precedence; transformers for specific applications H01F38/00; amplifiers H03F

Abstract

A method of producing a diode drive current in an oximeter includes sensing at least a part of a current passing through the diode and converting the sensed current to a sensed voltage, inputting the sensed voltage to a feedback amplifier for stabilizing the current passing through the diode, and eliminating an offset voltage across inputs of the feedback amplifier. A pulse oximeter includes a diode for emitting light flashes, a feedback amplifier having inputs, a feedback capacitor, and an output, the feedback amplifier stabilizing a current passing through the diode, a nulling amplifier having inputs, a nulling capacitor, and an output, the nulling amplifier charging and discharging the feedback capacitor until the inputs of the feedback amplifier are at a same voltage. The operation may include synchronizing an elimination of input offset voltages of the feedback and nulling amplifiers with on or off state of diode current.

Claims

1. A method of producing a diode drive current in an oximeter, comprising:

sensing at least a part of a current passing through the diode and converting the sensed current to sensed voltage;

inputting the sensed voltage to a feedback amplifier for stabilizing the current passing through the diode; and

eliminating an offset voltage across inputs of the feedback amplifier by charging and discharging a first capacitor connected to one of the inputs of the feedback amplifier.

2. A method according to claim 1, further comprising synchronizing the charging and discharging of the first capacitor with a turning on and off of the current passing through the diode.

3. A method according to claim 1, wherein the charging and discharging of the first capacitor is performed during a period when the diode is in an off state.

4. A method according to claim 3, further comprising eliminating an input offset voltage of a nulling amplifier when the diode is in an on state.

5. A method according to claim 1, wherein the charging and discharging of the first capacitor is performed by a nulling amplifier.

6. A method according to claim 5, further comprising maintaining an effective slew rate for the nulling amplifier that is substantially greater than a highest frequency to be nulled.

7. A method according to claim 5, further comprising the nulling amplifier charging and discharging a second capacitor connected to an input of the nulling amplifier.

8. A method according to claim 7, wherein the charging and discharging of the second capacitor is performed during a period when the diode is in an on state.

9. A method according to claim 7, further comprising delaying a performing of the charging and discharging of the second capacitor for a predetermined period after a time when the diode begins an on state.

10. A method according to claim 7, further comprising limiting how fast the nulling amplifier can change a voltage across the second capacitor.

11. A method according to claim 7, further comprising synchronizing the charging and discharging of the second capacitor with a turning on and off of the current passing through the diode.

12. A method according to claim 7, further comprising synchronizing the chargings and dischargings of the first and second capacitors with a turning on and off of the current passing through the diode.

13. A method according to claim 12, wherein the synchronizing effects alternate eliminating, of respective offset voltages across the input terminals of the feedback amplifier and nulling amplifier.

14. A pulse oximeter that converts pulses into light flashes, comprising:

a diode for emitting the light flashes;

a feedback amplifier having inputs, a feedback capacitor, and an output, the feedback amplifier being operative to stabilize a current passing through the diode; and

a nulling amplifier having inputs, a nulling capacitor, and an output, the nulling amplifier being operative to charge and discharge the feedback capacitor until the inputs of the feedback amplifier are at a same voltage.

15. A pulse oximeter as claimed in claim 14, wherein the diode is an LED.

16. A pulse oximeter as claimed in claim 14, wherein the diode is a laser diode.

17. A pulse oximeter according to claim 14, further comprising a current sense resistor for sensing at least a part of the current passing through the diode, wherein the stabilizing by the feedback amplifier is based on the current sensed by the current sense resistor.

18. A pulse oximeter as claimed in claim 14, further comprising a second switch operative to connect an output of the feedback amplifier to the feedback capacitor for performing the charging and discharging of the feedback capacitor.

19. A pulse oximeter as claimed in claim 14, further comprising a resistor operative to maintain an effective slew rate for the nulling amplifier that is substantially greater than a highest frequency to be nulled.

20. A pulse oximeter as claimed in claim 14, further comprising a limiter operative to limit a rate at which the nulling amplifier can change a voltage across the nulling capacitor.

21. A pulse oximeter as claimed in claim 14, further comprising a ganged switching arrangement synchronized with a turning on and off of the current passing through the diode, the switching arrangement being operative to alternately eliminate respective offset voltages across the inputs of the feedback amplifier and the nulling amplifier.

22. A pulse oximeter as claimed in claim 21, further comprising a transistor that is operative to turn the current through the diode on or off, wherein the ganged switching arrangement is further operative to control the turning on or off of the diode.

23. A pulse oximeter as claimed in claim 14, further comprising a first switch operative to connect the output of the nulling amplifier to the feedback capacitor for performing the charging and discharging of the feedback capacitor.

24. A pulse oximeter as claimed in claim 23, wherein the first switch is further operative to connect the output of the nulling amplifier to the nulling capacitor for charging and discharging the nulling capacitor until inputs of the nulling amplifier are at a same voltage.

25. A pulse oximeter as claimed in claim 23, wherein the operation of the first switch is synchronized with a turning on and off of the current passing through the diode.

26. A pulse oximeter as claimed in claim 23, further comprising a delay circuit operative to delay the charging and discharging of the second capacitor for a predetermined period after a time when the diode begins an on state.