Spatially resolved and spatially aware antenna for radio navigation

• US 6,735,524 B1
• Filed: 12/10/2002
• Issued: 05/11/2004
• Est. Priority Date: 12/10/2002
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: The Boeing Co.
• Original Assignee: The Boeing Co.
• Inventors: Bornholdt, James M., Challoner, A. Dorian
• Primary Examiner(s): Black, Thomas G.
• Assistant Examiner(s): To, Tuan C
• Application Number:
  US10/315,872
• Time in Patent Office: 518 Days
• Field of Search: 701/23, 701/26, 701/45, 701/207, 701/213, 701/214, 701/220, 340/435, 340/436, 340/438, 340/439, 340/457.1, 340/988, 340/995, 342/357.11, 342/357.14, 342/358, 342/357.06, 342/359, 342/453, 342/458, 342/444, 318/587, 244/3.2, 455/431, 455/456
• US Class Current: 701/220
• CPC Class Codes: G01C 21/16 by integrating acceleration or speed, i.e. inertial navigation
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/876 Combination of several spaced transponders or reflectors of known location for determining the position of a receiver G01S13/874 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 5/0268 by deriving positions from different combinations of signals or of estimated positions in a single positioning system
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 5/12 by co-ordinating position lines of different shape, e.g. hyperbolic, circular, elliptical or radial

Abstract

A method and apparatus for radio navigation and location is disclosed. The method uses an autonomous, on-board micro-inertial navigation system to propagate the state of a station, and an angularly resolvable antenna to measure relative orientation and relative range and to receive estimated state information from one or more companion stations. Optimally estimated state information is used to permit operation in environments that are otherwise hostile to communications between stations.

Claims

1. A method of radio navigation among a plurality of stations S₀, S₁, . . . , S_i, comprising the steps of:

propagating a state of a first station S₀ according to autonomous inertial measurements, wherein the state includes the position P₀[x₀,y₀] of the first station, wherein x₀ is the position of the first station along a first axis, and y₀ is the position of the first station along a second axis orthogonal to the first axis;

receiving a signal in the first station and resolving the received signal to at least one angular sector in a plane formed by the first axis x and the second axis y, the received signal comprising first information describing an estimated state of a second station S₁, wherein the state includes a position P₁[x₁,y₁] of the second station S₁ and

estimating the state of the first station S₀ at least in part from the propagated state, the resolved angular sector, and the first information.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the state of the first station S₀ is further estimated from a measured range of the second station from the first station.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein:

the method further comprises the step of receiving a second signal in the first station and resolving the received second signal to a second at least one angular sector in the plane formed by the first axis x and the second axis y, the received second signal comprising second information describing an estimated position of a third station S₃; and

wherein the state of the first station S₀ is further estimated according to the resolved second angular sector and the second information.

4. The method of claim 3, further comprising the steps of:

estimating a range from at least a subset of the plurality of stations S₀, S₁, . . . , S_i at least in part from the estimated state of the first station S₀.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein the range from at least a subset of the plurality of stations S₀, S₁, . . . , S_i is further estimated at least in part from the first information and the second information.

6. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of transmitting the estimated state of the first station S₀, to at least one of the plurality of other stations S₁, S₂, . . . , S_i.

7. The method of claim 1, further comprising the steps of:

receiving a third signal;

receiving a fourth signal having a multipath component; and

discriminating the third signal from the fourth signal at least in part according to the estimated state of the first station S₀.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein the third signal is further discriminated from the fourth signal according to the estimated state of the second station S₁.

9. The method of claim 7, wherein:

the third signal is received from the second station S₁; and

the third signal is further discriminated from the fourth signal according to the estimated state of the second station S₁.

10. The method of claim 7, wherein the third signal is received from a fourth station S₄.

11. The method of claim 1, further comprising the steps of:

generating a transmit signal to one of the plurality of stations S_i based upon the estimated state of the first station S₀.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein the one of the plurality of stations is the second station S₁ and the transmit signal is further based upon the received signal information describing the estimated state of the second station S₁ and the resolved angular sector.

13. The method of claim 11, wherein the transmit signal is generated in a direction determined from the estimated state of the first station S₀.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein the transmit signal is further generated of a power determined from the estimated state of the first station S₀.

15. The method of claim 12, wherein the transmit signal is generated to reduce multipath distortion between the transmit signal and other signals received by the one of the plurality of stations S_i.

16. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of resolving the received signal to at least one angular sector comprises the steps of:

comparing the signal received in the at least one sector with the signal received in an adjacent sector.

17. The method of claim 1, wherein the received signal is resolved via one of a plurality of antenna sectors delineated within a plane defined by the first axis and the second axis at the first station.

18. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of resolving the received signal to at least one angular sector comprises the step of:

receiving the signal in a first antenna corresponding to a first sector.

19. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of resolving the received signal to at least one angular sector comprises the steps of:

receiving the signal in a first antenna element corresponding to a first sector;

receiving the signal in a second antenna element corresponding to another sector adjacent the first sector; and

resolving the received signal to the angular sector by comparing a strength of the signal received in the first antenna element with a strength of the signal received in the second antenna element.

20. The method of claim 1, wherein the signal is received from the second station S₁.

21. The method of claim 1, wherein the signal is received via a third station S₂.

22. The method of claim 1, wherein the information is received aperiodically.

23. The method of claim 1, wherein the state further includes an orientation ψ

of the first station S₀.

24. The method of claim 1, wherein the state further includes an uncertainty σ

in the position of the first station S₀.

25. An apparatus for radio navigation among a plurality of stations S₀, S₁, . . . , S_i, comprising:

means for propagating a state of a first station S₀ according to autonomous inertial measurements, wherein the state includes the position P₀[x₀,y₀] of the first station, wherein x₀ is the position of the first station along a first axis, and y₀ is the position of the first station along a second axis orthogonal to the first axis;

means for receiving a signal in the first station and resolving the received signal to at least one angular sector in a plane formed by the first axis x and the second axis y, the received signal comprising first information describing an estimated state of a second station S₁, wherein the state includes a position P₁[x₀,y₀] of the second station S₁ and

means for estimating the state of the first station S₀ at least in part from the propagated state, the resolved angular sector, and the first information.

26. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein the means for estimating the state of the first station S₀ at least in part from the propagated state, the resolved angular sector, and the first information further estimates the state of the first station S₀ at least in part from a range from the first station to the second station.

27. The apparatus of claim 25, further comprising means for receiving a second signal in the first station and means for resolving the received second signal to a second at least one angular sector in the plane formed by the first axis x and the second axis y, the received second signal comprising second information describing an estimated position of a third station S₃;

and

wherein the state of the first station S₀ is further estimated according to the resolved second angular sector and the second information.

28. The apparatus of claim 27, further comprising:

means for estimating a range from at least a subset of the plurality of stations S₀, S₁, . . . , S_i at least in part from the estimated state of the first station S₀.

29. The apparatus of claim 28, wherein the range from at least a subset of the plurality of stations S₀, S₁, . . . , S_i is further estimated at least in part from the first information and the second information.

30. The apparatus of claim 25, further comprising:

means for transmitting the estimated state of the first station S₀, to at least one of the plurality of other stations S₁, S₂, . . . , S_i.

31. The apparatus of claim 25, further comprising:

means for receiving a third signal;

means for receiving a fourth signal having a multipath component; and

means for discriminating the third signal from the fourth signal at least in part according to the estimated state of the first station S₀.

32. The apparatus of claim 31, wherein the third signal is further discriminated from the fourth signal according to the estimated state of the second station S₁.

33. The apparatus of claim 31, wherein:

the third signal is received from the second station S₁; and

the third signal is further discriminated from the fourth signal according to the estimated state of the second station S₁.

34. The apparatus of claim 31, wherein the third signal is received from a fourth station S₄.

35. The apparatus of claim 25, comprising:

means for generating a transmit signal to one of the plurality of stations S_i based upon the estimated state of the first station S₀.

36. The apparatus of claim 35, wherein the one of the plurality of stations is the second station S₁ and the transmit signal is further based upon the received signal information describing the estimated state of the second station S₁ and the resolved angular sector.

37. The apparatus of claim 35, wherein the transmit signal is generated in a direction determined from the estimated state of the first station S₀.

38. The apparatus of claim 35, wherein the transmit signal is further generated of a power determined from the estimated state of the first station S₀.

39. The apparatus of claim 36, wherein the transmit signal is generated to reduce multipath distortion between the transmit signal and other signals received by the one of the plurality of stations S_i.

40. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein the step of resolving the received signal to at least one angular sector comprises:

means for comparing the signal received in the at least one sector with the signal received in an adjacent sector.

41. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein the received signal is resolved via one of a plurality of antenna sectors delineated within a plane defined by the first axis and the second axis at the first station.

42. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein the means for resolving the received signal to at least one angular sector comprises:

means for receiving the signal in a first antenna corresponding to a first sector.

43. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein the means for resolving the received signal to at least one angular sector comprises:

means for receiving the signal in a first antenna element corresponding to a first sector;

means for receiving the signal in a second antenna element corresponding to another sector adjacent the first sector; and

means for resolving the received signal to the angular sector by comparing a strength of the signal received in the first antenna element with a strength of the signal received in the second antenna element.

44. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein the signal is received from the second station S₁.

45. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein the signal is received via a third station S₂.

46. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein the information is received aperiodically.

47. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein the state further includes an orientation ψ

of the first station S₀.

48. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein the state further includes an uncertainty σ

in the position of the first station S₀.

49. An apparatus for radio navigation among a plurality of stations S₀, S₁, . . . , S_i, comprising:

an inertial reference unit for generating inertial measurements of a state of the first station;

a navigation module, for propagating the state of the first station S₀ based upon the inertial measurements wherein the state includes the position P₀[x₀,y₀] of the first station, wherein x₀ is the position of the first station along a first axis, and y₀ is the position of the first station along a second axis orthogonal to the first axis;

at least one antenna communicatively coupled to a receiver for receiving a signal comprising first information describing an estimated state of a second station S₁, wherein the state includes a position P₁[x₀,y₀] of the second station S₂;

a resolver, for resolving the received signal to at least one angular sector in a plane formed by the first axis x and the second axis y; and

wherein the navigation module further estimates the state of the first station S₀ at least in part from the propagated state, the resolved angular sector, and the first information.

50. The apparatus of claim 49, further comprising a rangefinder for measuring the range from the first station to the second station.

51. The apparatus of claim 49, wherein:

the antenna and receiver further receive a second signal, the received second signal comprising second information describing an estimated position of a third station S₃;

the resolver resolves the second signal to a second at least one angular sector in the plane formed by the first axis x and the second axis y; and

the navigation module further estimates the state of the first station S₀ according to the resolved second angular sector and the second information.

52. The apparatus of claim 51, wherein the navigation module further estimates a range from at least a subset of the plurality of stations S₀, S₁, . . . , S_i at least in part from the estimated state of the first station S₀.

53. The apparatus of claim 52, wherein the navigation module further estimates the range from at least a subset of the plurality of stations S₀, S₁, . . . , S_i at least in part from the first information and the second information.

54. The apparatus of claim 49, further comprising:

a transmitter for transmitting the estimated state of the first station S₀, to at least one of the plurality of other stations S₁, S₂, . . . , S_i.

55. The apparatus of claim 49, wherein:

the antenna and receiver further receive a third signal and a fourth signal having a multipath component; and

the apparatus further comprises a communication module for discriminating the third signal from the fourth signal at least in part according to the estimated state of the first station S₀.

56. The apparatus of claim 55, wherein the third signal is further discriminated from the fourth signal according to the estimated state of the second station S₁.

57. The apparatus of claim 55, wherein:

the third signal is received from the second station S₁; and

the third signal is further discriminated from the fourth signal according to the estimated state of the second station S₁.

58. The apparatus of claim 55, wherein the third signal is received from a fourth station S₄.

59. The apparatus of claim 49, wherein the communication module further generates a transmit signal to one of the plurality of stations S_i based upon the estimated state of the first station S₀.

60. The apparatus of claim 59, wherein the one of the plurality of stations is the second station S₁ and the transmit signal is further based upon the received signal information describing the estimated state of the second station S₁ and the resolved angular sector.

61. The apparatus of claim 59, wherein the transmit signal is generated in a direction determined from the estimated state of the first station S₀.

62. The apparatus of claim 61, wherein the transmit signal is further generated of a power determined from the estimated state of the first station S₀.

63. The apparatus of claim 60, wherein the transmit signal is generated to reduce multipath distortion between the transmit signal and other signals received by the one of the plurality of stations S_i.

64. The apparatus of claim 49, wherein the resolver compares the signal received in the at least one sector with the signal received in an adjacent sector.

65. The apparatus of claim 49, wherein the antenna receives signals in one of a plurality of antenna sectors delineated within a plane defined by the first axis and the second axis at the first station.

66. The apparatus of claim 49, wherein the resolver comprises means for receiving the signal in a first antenna corresponding to a first sector.

67. The apparatus of claim 49, wherein the resolver comprises:

the antenna comprises

a first antenna element corresponding to a first sector for receiving the signal;

a second antenna element corresponding to a second sector for receiving the second signal;

and wherein the resolver resolves the received signal to the angular sector by comparing a strength of the signal received in the first antenna element with a strength of the signal received in the second antenna element.

68. The apparatus of claim 49, wherein the signal is received from the second station S₁.

69. The apparatus of claim 49, wherein the signal is received via a third station S₂.

70. The apparatus of claim 49, wherein the information is received aperiodically.

71. The apparatus of claim 49, wherein the state further includes an orientation ψ

of the first station S₀.

72. The apparatus of claim 49, wherein the state further includes an uncertainty σ

in the position of the first station S₀.