Nano-ionic products and devices

• US 6,746,791 B2
• Filed: 05/21/2002
• Issued: 06/08/2004
• Est. Priority Date: 09/03/1996
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: PPG Industries Ohio Incorporated (Nouryon BV)
• Original Assignee: NanoProducts Corporation (Nouryon BV)
• Inventors: Yadav, Tapesh, Hu, Hongxing
• Primary Examiner(s): Kalafut, Stephen J.
• Application Number:
  US10/153,236
• Publication Number:
  US 20020187387A1
• Time in Patent Office: 749 Days
• Field of Search: 429/30-33, 429/304-323, 204/424
• US Class Current: 429/491
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 12/005 carried out at high temperatures, e.g. by pyrolysis
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 12/02 for obtaining at least one reaction product which, at normal temperature, is in the solid state
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 19/24 Stationary reactors without moving elements inside B01J19/08, B01J19/26 take precedence; with stationary particles B01J8/02
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00094 Jackets
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00135 Electric resistance heaters
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00155 using insulating materials or refractories
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00177 controlling the pH
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/0018 controlling the conductivity
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/0894 Processes carried out in the presence of a plasma
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 1/054 Nanosized particles
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 1/12 Metallic powder containing non-metallic particles containing lubricating or binding agents or organic material B22F1/10
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 2202/13 Use of plasma
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 2999/00 Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 9/12 starting from gaseous material
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 70/58 comprising fillers only , e.g. particles, powder, beads, flakes, spheres B29C70/025 takes precedence, agglomerating hollow spheres to produce synthetic foam B29C70/66; compounding ingredients per se C08K
• CPC Class Codes: B82B 1/00 Nanostructures formed by manipulation of individual atoms or molecules, or limited collections of atoms or molecules as discrete units
• CPC Class Codes: B82Y 25/00 Nanomagnetism, e.g. magnetoimpedance, anisotropic magnetoresistance, giant magnetoresistance or tunneling magnetoresistance
• CPC Class Codes: B82Y 30/00 Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
• CPC Class Codes: B82Y 5/00 Nanobiotechnology or nanomedicine, e.g. protein engineering or drug delivery
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 13/145 After-treatment of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. pulverising, drying, decreasing the acidity
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 19/007 : Tellurides or selenides of metals C01B19/002 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 21/062 : with chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 32/956 : Silicon carbide
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 35/04 : Metal borides
• CPC Class Codes: C01F 11/06 : of carbonates
• CPC Class Codes: C01F 5/06 : by thermal decomposition of magnesium compounds calcining magnesite or dolomite C04B2/10
• CPC Class Codes: C01G 23/006 : Alkaline earth titanates
• CPC Class Codes: C01G 41/02 : Oxides; Hydroxides
• CPC Class Codes: C01P 2002/01 : depicted by a TEM-image
• CPC Class Codes: C01P 2002/02 : Amorphous compounds
• CPC Class Codes: C01P 2002/34 : perovskite-type (ABO3)
• CPC Class Codes: C01P 2002/54 : one element only
• CPC Class Codes: C01P 2002/60 : Compounds characterised by their crystallite size
• CPC Class Codes: C01P 2002/72 : by d-values or two theta-values, e.g. as X-ray diagram
• CPC Class Codes: C01P 2004/03 : obtained by SEM
• CPC Class Codes: C01P 2004/04 : obtained by TEM, STEM, STM or AFM
• CPC Class Codes: C01P 2004/38 : cube-like
• CPC Class Codes: C01P 2004/51 : Particles with a specific particle size distribution
• CPC Class Codes: C01P 2004/54 : Particles characterised by their aspect ratio, i.e. the ratio of sizes in the longest to the shortest dimension
• CPC Class Codes: C01P 2004/61 : Micrometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 micrometer
• CPC Class Codes: C01P 2004/62 : Submicrometer sized, i.e. from 0.1-1 micrometer
• CPC Class Codes: C01P 2004/64 : Nanometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 nanometer
• CPC Class Codes: C01P 2004/82 : two phases having the same anion, e.g. both oxidic phases
• CPC Class Codes: C01P 2006/10 : Solid density
• CPC Class Codes: C01P 2006/12 : Surface area
• CPC Class Codes: C01P 2006/40 : Electric properties
• CPC Class Codes: C01P 2006/60 : Optical properties, e.g. expressed in CIELAB-values
• CPC Class Codes: C01P 2006/80 : Compositional purity
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 2/10 : Preheating, burning calcining or cooling decarbonation during burning of cement raw materials C04B7/43; obtaining CaO or MgO otherwise than by thermal decomposition of the corresponding carbonates C01F11/02, C01F5/02
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 35/62222 : obtaining ceramic coatings coating of mortars, concrete, artificial or natural stone or ceramics C04B41/45; laminated ceramic products B32B18/00; coating metallic materials C23; coating of glass C03C17/00, applying ceramic coatings on silicon for semi-conductor purposes H01L
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 41/52 : Multiple coating or impregnating multiple coating or impregnating with the same composition or with compositions only differing in the concentration of the constituents, is classified as single coating or impregnation
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 41/89 : for obtaining at least two superposed coatings having different compositions
• CPC Class Codes: C08J 5/005 : Reinforced macromolecular compounds with nanosized materials, e.g. nanoparticles, nanofibres, nanotubes, nanowires, nanorods or nanolayered materials
• CPC Class Codes: C08K 2201/011 : Nanostructured additives
• CPC Class Codes: C08K 3/01 : characterized by their specific function
• CPC Class Codes: C08K 3/08 : Metals
• CPC Class Codes: H01C 7/112 : ZnO type
• CPC Class Codes: H01F 1/0063 : in a non-magnetic matrix, e.g. granular solids granular films H01F10/007
• CPC Class Codes: H01G 4/12 : Ceramic dielectrics H01G4/085 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01G 4/33 : Thin- or thick-film capacitors thin- or thick-film circuits H01L27/00; capacitors without a potential-jump or surface barrier specially adapted for integrated circuits, details thereof, multistep manufacturing processes therefor H01L28/40
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/9066 : of metal-ceramic composites or mixtures, e.g. cermets
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/1213 : characterised by the electrode/electrolyte combination or the supporting material
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/1246 : the electrolyte consisting of oxides
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/1253 : the electrolyte containing zirconium oxide
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/50 : Fuel cells
• CPC Class Codes: Y02P 40/40 : Production or processing of lime, e.g. limestone regeneration of lime in pulp and sugar mills
• CPC Class Codes: Y02P 70/50 : Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 977/89 : Deposition of materials, e.g. coating, cvd, or ald
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 29/49002 : Electrical device making
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 29/49082 : Resistor making
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/26 : Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified physical dimension

Abstract

An ionic conducting device comprising a nanostructured material layer. The nanostructured layer has a microstructure confined to a size less than 100 nm. The ion conductivity of the nanostructured layer is higher than the ion conductivity of a layer of equivalent composition and size having a micron-sized microstructure. Nano-ionic compositions taught include ceramics, polymers, lithium containing compounds, sodium containing compounds, ion defect structures, silver containing compounds, Applications of nano-ionics to fuel cells, sensors, batteries, electrochemical devices, electrocatalysts are taught.

Claims

1. An ion conducting device comprising nanostructured material, wherein

the nanostructured material is in the form of a layer,

the microstructure in said layer is confined to a size less than 100 nm,

the layer thickness is confined to less than 1 micron, and

the ion conductivity of said layer is higher than the ion conductivity of a layer of equivalent composition prepared using a material with micron-sized microstructure.

2. The device of claim 1 wherein the device is a fuel cell.

3. The device of claim 1 wherein the device is a battery.

4. The device of claim 1 wherein the device is a sensor.

6. The device of claim 1 wherein the nanostructured material comprises zirconia.

8. The device of claim 1 wherein the nanostructured material comprises ceria.

5. An ion conducting device comprising nanostructured material, wherein

the nanostructured material comprises of polymer,

the nanostructured material is in the form of a layer,

the microstructure in said layer is confined to a size less than 100 nm,

and the ion conductivity of said layer is higher than the ion conductivity of a layer of equivalent composition prepared using a material with micron-sized microstructure.

7. The An ion conducting device comprising nanostructured material, wherein

the nanostructured material comprises perovskite,

the nanostructured material is in the form of a layer,

the microstructure in said aver is confined to a size less than 100 nm,

and the ion conductivity of said layer is higher than the ion conductivity of a layer of equivalent composition prepared using a material with micron-sized microstructure.

9. An ion conducting device comprising nanostructured material, wherein

the nanostructured material comprises lithium containing compound,

the nanostructured material is in the form of a layer,

the microstructure in said layer is confined to a size less than 100 nm,

and the ion conductivity of said layer is higher than the ion conductivity of a layer of equivalent composition prepared using a material With micron-sized microstructure.

10. An ion conducting device comprising nanostructured material, wherein

the nanostructured material comprises silver containing compounds

the nanostructured material is in the form of a layer,

the microstructure in said layer is confined to a size less than 100 nm,

and the ion conductivity of said layer is higher than the ion conductivity of a layer of equivalent composition prepared using a material with micron-sized microstructure.

11. An ion conducting device comprising nanostructured material, wherein

the nanostructured material comprises of sodium containing compound,

the nanostructured material is in the form of a layer,

the microstructure in said layer is confined to a size less than 100 nm,

and the ion conductivity of said layer is higher than the ion conductivity of a layer of equivalent composition prepared using a material with micron-sized microstructure.

12. An ion conducting device comprising nanostructured material, wherein

the nanostructured material comprises of copper containing compound,

the nanostructured material is in the form of a layer,

the microstructure in said layer is confined to a size less than 100 nm,

and the ion conductivity of said layer is higher than the ion conductivity of a layer of equivalent composition prepared using a material with micron-sized microstructure.

13. An ion conducting device comprising nanostructured material, wherein

the nanostructured material comprises an ion-defect structure,

the nanostructured material is in the form of a layer,

the microstructure in said layer is confined to a size less than 100 nm,

and the ion conductivity of said aver is higher than the ion conductivity of a layer of equivalent composition prepared using a material with micron-sized microstructure.

14. A lithium ion conducting device comprising nanostructured material, wherein the nanostructured material is in the form of a layer, the microstructure in said layer is confined to a size less than 100 nm, and the ion conductivity of said layer is higher than the ion conductivity of a layer of equivalent composition prepared using a material with micron-sized microstructure.

18. The device of claim 14 wherein the device is from the group comprising of fuel cell, battery and sensor.

15. A sodium ion conducting device comprising nanostructured material, wherein the nanostructured material is in the form of a layer, the microstructure in said layer is confined to a size less than 100 nm, and the ion conductivity of said layer is higher than the ion conductivity of a layer of equivalent composition prepared using a material with micron-sized microstructure.

19. The device of claim 15 wherein the device is from the group comprising of fuel cell, battery and sensor.

16. A silver ion conducting device comprising nanostructured material, wherein the nanostructured material is in the form of a layer, the microstructure in said layer is confined to a size less than 100 nm, and the ion conductivity of said layer is higher than the ion conductivity of a layer of equivalent composition prepared using a material with micron-sized microstructure.

20. The device of claim 16 wherein the device is from the group comprising of fuel cell, battery and sensor.

17. A copper ion conducting device comprising nanostructured material, wherein the nanostructured material is in the form of a layer, the microstructure in said layer is confined to a size less than 100 nm, and the ion conductivity of said layer is higher than the ion conductivity of a layer of equivalent composition prepared using a material with micron-sized microstructure.

21. The device of claim 17 wherein the device is from the group comprising of fuel cell, battery and sensor.