Brightness enhancement film

• US 6,760,157 B1
• Filed: 07/25/2000
• Issued: 07/06/2004
• Est. Priority Date: 02/29/1996
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: 3M Innovative Properties Company (3M Company)
• Original Assignee: 3M Innovative Properties Company (3M Company)
• Inventors: Stover, Carl A., Allen, Richard C., Majumdar, Biswaroop, Carlson, Lockwood W., Kotz, Arthur L., Weber, Michael F., Ouderkirk, Andrew J., Nevitt, Timothy J.
• Primary Examiner(s): Chang, Audrey
• Assistant Examiner(s): Curtis, Craig
• Application Number:
  US09/624,947
• Time in Patent Office: 1,442 Days
• Field of Search: 359/494, 359/495, 359/496, 359/500, 359/529, 359/530
• US Class Current: 359/487.02
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 5/3008 comprising dielectric particles, e.g. birefringent crystals embedded in a matrix
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 5/305 including organic materials, e.g. polymeric layers
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 5/3083 Birefringent or phase retarding elements G02B5/3008, G02B5/3016 take precedence; systems for polarisation control G02B27/286; manufacturing phase modulating patterns by lithographic processes G03F7/001

Abstract

An optical film is provided which comprises a disperse phase of polymeric particles disposed within a continuous birefringent matrix in combination with light directing materials to enable control of light emitted from a lighting fixture or display. The film is oriented, typically by stretching, in one or more directions. The size and shape of the disperse phase particles, the volume fraction of the disperse phase, the film thickness, and the amount of orientation are chosen to attain a desired degree of diffuse reflection and total transmission of electromagnetic radiation of a desired wavelength in the resulting film, and the light directing materials are chosen to control the direction of polarized light reflected from or transmitted by the optical film.

Claims

1. A direction control polarizer which provides directional and polarization control of light incident upon it, comprising:

a polarizer adapted to specularly transmit light having a first polarization orientation and to diffusely reflect light having a different polarization orientation; and

a first light directing material adapted to transmit light within a desired angular zone, and to reflect light which would not exit the first light directing material within the desired angular zone;

wherein the polarizer and the first light directing material operate together to control direction and polarization of light transmitted by the direction control polarizer.

2. The direction control polarizer of claim 1 wherein the polarizer comprises an optical device, comprising:

a polymeric first phase and a second phase, disposed within said first phase, said second phase being discontinuous along at least two of any three mutually perpendicular axes;

wherein said first and second phases have indices of refraction which differ along a first axis by more than about 0.05, and which differ along a second axis orthogonal to said first axis by less than about 0.05.

3. The direction control polarizer of claim 1 wherein the light directing material is positioned to receive the light of the first polarization orientation transmitted by the polarizer.

4. The direction control polarizer of claim 1 wherein the light directing material transmits light into an output wedge, and wherein the polarizer is positioned to receive the light transmitted into the output wedge.

5. The direction control polarizer of claim 1 wherein the first light directing material comprises a structured surface material.

6. The direction control polarizer of claim 5 wherein the first light directing material has a smooth side and a structured side.

7. The direction control polarizer of claim 6 wherein the structured side comprises a plurality of triangular prisms.

8. The direction control polarizer of claim 7 wherein the structured side comprises an array of triangular prisms.

9. The direction control polarizer of claim 8 wherein the array of triangular prisms defines an axis of orientation.

10. The direction control polarizer of claim 9 wherein the axis of orientation of the first light directing material is aligned with the orientation direction of the polarizer.

11. The direction control polarizer of claim 7 wherein the triangular prisms are isosceles triangular prisms.

12. The direction control polarizer of claim 7 wherein the triangular prisms have included angles in the range of 60 degrees to 120 degrees.

13. The direction control polarizer of claim 12 wherein the triangular prisms have included angles in the range of 70 degrees to 110 degrees.

14. The direction control polarizer of claim 13 wherein the triangular prisms have included angles in the range of 85 degrees to 95 degrees.

15. The direction control polarizer of claim 14 wherein the triangular prisms have included angles of about 90 degrees.

16. The direction control polarizer of claim 6 wherein the structured side comprises a plurality of structures having rounded peaks.

17. The direction control polarizer of claim 16 wherein the structured side comprises a plurality of structures having rounded valleys.

18. The direction control polarizer of claim 12 wherein the smooth side of the first light directing material is positioned toward the polarizer.

19. The direction control polarizer of claim 18 wherein the structured side of the first light directing material is positioned toward the polarizer.

20. The direction control polarizer of claim 1 wherein there is an air gap between the polarizer and the first light directing material.

21. The direction control polarizer of claim 1 wherein the polarizer and the first light directing material form a unitary structure.

22. The direction control polarizer of claim 1 further including a second light directing material.

23. The direction control polarizer of claim 22 wherein the second light directing material is adapted such that light entering the second light directing material within a third preselected group of angles to the axis is reflected and light entering the second light directing material within a fourth predetermined group of angles to the axis is refracted such that a majority of the light in the fourth group of angles forms an output wedge that is narrower than its associated input wedge, the angles in the fourth group of angles being greater than the angles in the third group of angles.

24. The direction control polarizer of claim 22 wherein the second light directing material comprises a structured surface material.

25. The direction control polarizer of claim 24 wherein the second light directing material includes a smooth side and a structured side.

26. The direction control polarizer of claim 25 wherein the structured side of the second light directing material includes a plurality of triangular prisms.

27. The direction control polarizer of claim 26 wherein the structured side of the second light directing material includes an array of triangular prisms, wherein the array defines an associated axis of orientation.

28. The direction control polarizer of claim 27 wherein the axis of orientation of the first light directing material is positioned with respect to the axis of orientation of the second light directing material to provide two dimensional angular control of light transmitted by the first and second light directing materials.

29. The direction control polarizer of claim 28 wherein the axis of orientation of the first light directing material is positionend at an angle greater than 0 degrees with respect to the axis of orientation of the second strucutred surface material.

30. The direction control polarizer of claim 29 wherein the triangular prisms have included angles in the range of 60 degrees to 120 degrees.

31. The direction control polarizer of claim 30 wherein the triangular prisms have included angles in the range of 70 degrees to 110 degrees.

32. The direction control polarizer of claim 31 wherein the triangular prisms have included angles in the range of 85 degrees to 95 degrees.

33. The direction control polarizer of claim 32 wherein the triangular prisms have included angles of about 90 degrees.

34. The direction control polarizer of claim 28 wherein the structured side of the first light directing material is positioned toward the smooth side of the second light directing material.

35. The direction control polarizer of claim 34 wherein the smooth side of the first light directing material is positioned toward a first side of the polarizer.

36. The direction control polarizer of claim 35 wherein light is incident on a second side of the polarizer.

37. The direction control polarizer of claim 36 wherein the structured side of the second light directing material is positioned toward the polarizer.

38. The direction control polarizer of claim 37 wherein light is incident on the smooth side of the first light directing material.

39. The direction control polarizer of claim 28 wherein the polarizer is positioned between the first and second light directing materials.

40. The direction control polarizer of claim 39 wherein the first light directing material is positioned on a first side of the polarizer such that its smooth side is toward the polarizer and further wherein the second light directing material is positioned on a second side of the polarizer such that its structured side is toward the polarizer.

41. The direction control polarizer of claim 40 wherein light is incident on the smooth side of the second surface material.