Watermark holograms

• US 6,782,115 B2
• Filed: 10/28/2002
• Issued: 08/24/2004
• Est. Priority Date: 04/16/1998
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Digimarc Corporation
• Original Assignee: Digimarc Corporation
• Inventors: Rhoads, Geoffrey B., Brunk, Hugh L., Carr, J. Scott, Decker, Stephen K.
• Primary Examiner(s): Johns, Andrew W.
• Assistant Examiner(s): NAKHJAVAN, SHERVIN K
• Application Number:
  US10/282,908
• Publication Number:
  US 20030128862A1
• Time in Patent Office: 666 Days
• Field of Search: 382/100, 382/232, 382/210, 380/232, 380/258, 359/1, 359/2, 348/40, 348/460, 713/17
• US Class Current: 382/100
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 45/1418 the inserts being deformed or preformed, e.g. by the injection pressure
• CPC Class Codes: B42D 25/29 Securities; Bank notes
• CPC Class Codes: G03H 1/08 Synthesising holograms, i.e. holograms synthesized from objects or objects from hologramsusing electric digital computers G06F; G06T
• CPC Class Codes: G03H 2001/0022 Deciphering being performed with numerical or optical key, e.g. with the optical scrambler used during recording optical element in object beam G03H1/041
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 1/0021 Image watermarking
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 2201/0083 whereby only watermarked image required at decoder, e.g. source-based, blind, oblivious
• CPC Class Codes: G07D 7/0032 using holograms
• CPC Class Codes: G07D 7/0034 using watermarks
• CPC Class Codes: G07D 7/004 using digital security elements, e.g. information coded on a magnetic thread or strip
• CPC Class Codes: G07F 7/08 by coded identity card or credit card or other personal identification means without personal verification means G07F7/02
• CPC Class Codes: G07F 7/086 by passive credit-cards adapted therefor, e.g. constructive particularities to avoid counterfeiting, e.g. by inclusion of a physical or chemical security-layer for security documents G07D7/00; for the reading of record-carriers in general G06K7/00; for the design of coded credit-cards G06K19/10
• CPC Class Codes: G07F 7/12 Card verification
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 1/00249 with a photographic apparatus, e.g. a photographic printer or a projector photographic apparatus per se G03B, G03D
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 1/32219 involving changing the position of selected pixels, e.g. word shifting, or involving modulating the size of image components, e.g. of characters H04N1/32224 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 1/32261 in binary data H04N1/32256 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 1/32304 Embedding different sets of additional information
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 2201/3205 of identification information, e.g. name or ID code H04N2201/3209 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 2201/3207 of an address
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 2201/3215 of a time or duration
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 2201/3226 of identification information or the like, e.g. ID code, index, title, part of an image, reduced-size image
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 2201/3233 : of authentication information, e.g. digital signature, watermark
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 2201/3239 : using a plurality of different authentication information
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 2201/327 : which are undetectable to the naked eye, e.g. embedded codes
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 2201/3271 : Printing or stamping
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 2201/3281 : Encryption; Ciphering

Abstract

Methods for integrating digital watermarks into holograms, watermarked hologram structures, and related applications. One method creates a watermark image, and then embeds the watermark image into a holographic structure. The holographic structure is created using computer generated holography to create a digital representation of the holographic structure. This digital representation is recorded on a physical substrate using optical techniques or microlithography. As an alterative, a watermark signal is embedded in a physical holographic structure by embedding the signal into an image that is optically merged with the holographic structure as it is optically recorded, or by embedding the signal into an image or physical model from which the holographic structure is formed. Another approach the creates a halftone watermarked image, and forms the halftone watermarked image in the hologram by creating hologram dots corresponding to the dots in the halftone watermarked image.

Claims

1. A method of embedding a digital watermark in an optically variable device comprising:

creating a watermarked image using a carrier and a variable message to form a watermark signal and modifying a host digital image to embed the watermark signal into the host digital image; and

forming a holographic structure from at least the watermarked image.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein the holographic structure is recorded on a physical medium by optically projecting the holographic structure on a photosensitive material.

3. The method of claim 1 wherein the watermarked image is created by forming a message of two or more variable symbols, modulating the carrier with the message and embedding the modulated carrier in a host image to form the watermarked image.

4. The method of claim 1 wherein the watermarked image is transformed into the holographic structure.

5. The method of claim 4 wherein the watermarked image is optically merged with an interference pattern of a hologram on a photosensitive material.

6. The method of claim 1 including:

embedding two or more different watermarked signals into the holographic structure.

7. A computer readable medium on which is stored software for creating a digital representation of the holographic structure using the method of claim 1.

8. A watermark decoder for detecting a watermark signal from a digital image captured of a physical representation of the holographic structure of claim 1.

9. A physical holographic structure embedded with a watermark according to the method of claim 1.

10. The holographic structure of claim 9 wherein the watermark is machine readable by executing a watermark decode process on a digital image captured of the holographic structure.

11. The holographic structure of claim 10 wherein the watermark carries a message, including an identifier number.

12. The holographic structure of claim 11 wherein the identifier number comprises a serial number to identify the holographic structure or group of holographic structures.

13. The holographic structure of claim 10 wherein the watermark carries authentication information that is compared with information related to an object bearing the holographic structure to authenticate the object.

14. The holographic structure of claim 13 wherein the information related to the object is on the object in a machine readable form.

15. The holographic structure of claim 13 wherein the information related to the object is stored in a database record indexed by the message carried in the watermark.

16. The holographic structure of claim 10 wherein the watermark carries a key used to decode an authentication mark on an object bearing the holographic structure.

17. The holographic structure of claim 10 wherein the watermark carries an index to a database record storing information related to an object bearing the holographic structure.

18. The holographic structure of claim 10 wherein the watermark carries a message used to look up a network address of a network resource related to an object bearing the holographic structure.

19. The holographic structure of claim 10 wherein the watermark is encoded so as to be viewable only at selected orientation and focal plane.

20. A method of embedding a digital watermark in an optically variable device comprising:

creating a watermark image; and

embedding the watermark image into a holographic structure;

wherein the watermark image modulates a 2D or 3D digital image model to create a watermarked image, and the watermarked image is transformed into the holographic structure.

21. A method of embedding digital watermark in an optically variable device comprising:

creating a watermark image; and

embedding the watermark image into a holographic structure;

wherein the watermark image is transformed into the holographic structure; and

wherein the watermark image is integrated into the holographic structure using wavefront calculations to calculate a digital representation of the holographic structure, which is recorded on a physical medium by optically creating a diffraction grating on the physical medium or using microlithography to reproduce the holographic structure on the physical medium.

22. A method of embedding a digital watermark in an optically variable device comprising:

creating a watermark image; and

embedding the watermark image into a holographic structure;

wherein creating the watermark image includes;

spread spectrum modulating a binary message to create the watermark image in a digital form.

23. A method of embedding a digital watermark in an optically variable device comprising:

creating a watermark image; and

embedding the watermark image into a holographic structure;

wherein creating the watermark image includes spread spectrum modulating a binary message to create a watermark signal; and

including;

altering values of a host image to embed the watermark signal in the host image, such that the altered host image forms the watermark image.

24. The method of claim 23 including:

perceptually adapting the watermark signal to the host image such that the watermark signal is imperceptibly embedded in the host image.

25. A method of embedding a digital watermark in an optically variable device comprising:

creating a watermark image; and

embedding the watermark image into a holographic structure;

including embedding two or more different watermark signals into the holographic structure;

wherein one of the watermark signals encodes a key to decode another watermark signal.

26. A method of embedding a digital watermark in an optically variable device comprising:

creating a watermark image; and

embedding the watermark image into a holographic structure;

wherein the watermark image includes an orientation signal used to re-align image data scanned from the holographic structure before decoding the watermark image.

27. A method for integrating a digital watermark into a hologram comprising:

creating a halftone watermarked image, including generating a message of two or more symbols, modulating a carrier signal with the message;

the watermarked halftone image being formed from the modulated carrier such that the message is embedded in the watermarked halftone image; and

forming the halftone watermarked image in the hologram by creating hologram dots corresponding to the dots in the halftone watermarked image.

28. The method of claim 27 wherein the hologram dots are created by demetalizing a metal layer of the hologram such that remaining metal dots are in a pattern of the halftone watermarked image.

29. The method of claim 27 wherein the hologram dots are created by forming a dot matrix hologram comprised of discrete diffraction grating dots corresponding to the halftone watermarked image.

30. The method of claim 27 wherein the halftone watermarked image is created by altering sample values of a host image.

31. A physical holographic structure embedded with a watermark according to the method of claim 27.

32. The holographic structure of claim 31 wherein the watermark is machine readable by executing a watermark decode process on a digital image captured of the holographic structure.

33. The holographic structure of claim 32 wherein the watermark carries a message, including an identifier number.

34. The holographic structure of claim 33 wherein the identifier number comprises a serial number to identify the holographic structure or group of holographic structures.

35. The holographic structure of claim 32 wherein the watermark carries authentication information that is compared with information related to an object bearing the holographic structure to authenticate the object.

36. The holographic structure of claim 35 wherein the information related to the object is on the object in a machine readable form.

37. The holographic structure of claim 32 wherein the watermark carries a key used to decode an authentication mark on an object bearing the holographic structure.

38. The holographic structure of claim 32 wherein the watermark carries an index to a database record storing information related to an object bearing the holographic structure.

39. The holographic structure of claim 32 wherein the watermark carries a message used to look up a network address of a network resource related to an object bearing the holographic structure.

40. The holographic structure of claim 32 wherein the watermark is encoded so as to be viewable only at selected orientation and focal plane.

41. A method for integrating a digital watermark into a hologram comprising:

creating halftone watermark image, including spread spectrum modulating a message to create a watermark signal and mapping elements of the watermark signal to discrete locations in the halftone image; and

forming the halftone watermarked image in the hologram by creating hologram dots corresponding to dots in the halftone watermarked image.

42. A method for integrating a digital watermark into a hologram comprising:

creating halftone watermarked image including error correction encoding a message and embedding the message in a halftone image to create the halftone watermarked image; and

forming the halftone watermarked image in the hologram by creating hologram dots corresponding to dots in the halftone watermarked image.

43. A physical holographic structure embedded with a watermark by creating a halftone watermarked image and forming the halftone watermarked image in the hologram by creating hologram dots corresponding to the dots in the halftone watermarked image;

wherein the watermark is machine readable by executing a watermark decode process on a digital image captured of the holographic structure, the watermark carries authentication information that is compared with information related to an object hearing the holographic structure to authenticate the object, the information related to the object is on the object in human or machine readable form and the information related to the object is stored in a database record indexed by the message carried in the watermark.

44. A watermark reader operable to decode a watermark from a watermarked hologram, the reader comprising:

a watermark decoder for detecting a watermark signal in an image scanned from a watermarked hologram; and

a message decoder for extracting a message from the watermark signal, the message decoder operable to demodulate the message from a modulated carrier signal embedded in the image scanned from the watermarked hologram.

45. The reader of claim 44 wherein the reader is operable to detect the watermark signal from a hologram and control usage of an image scanned from an object bearing the hologram based on the message.

46. The reader of claim 44 wherein the reader is operable to compare the message with information related to an object bearing the watermarked hologram to authenticate the object.

47. The reader of claim 44 wherein the watermarked hologram carries the watermark signal in a pattern of hologram dots.

48. The reader of claim 44 wherein the watermarked hologram carries the watermark signal in a holographic image that is formed by directing light onto a diffraction grating of the watermarked hologram.

49. A watermark reader operable to decode a watermark from a watermarked hologram, the reader comprising:

a watermark decoder for detecting a watermark signal in an image scanned from a watermarked hologram; and

a message decoder for extracting a message from the watermark signal; and

wherein the reader is operable to establish a connection with a network resource using the message.

50. The reader of claim 49 wherein the network resource is a network server and the reader is operable to fetch information related to the object from the network server over a computer network.