Storage controller configured to select unused regions of a storage device for data storage according to head position

• US 6,789,162 B1
• Filed: 10/17/2000
• Issued: 09/07/2004
• Est. Priority Date: 10/17/2000
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Oracle America, Inc. (Oracle Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Sun Microsystems Incorporated (Oracle Corporation)
• Inventors: Wu, Chia Y., Lee, Whay S., Talagala, Nisha D.
• Primary Examiner(s): Moazzami, Nasser
• Assistant Examiner(s): Truong, Bao Q.
• Application Number:
  US09/690,599
• Time in Patent Office: 1,421 Days
• Field of Search: 711/4, 711/111, 711/112, 711/114, 711/165, 711/167, 711/170, 711/202, 707/1, 707/205, 707/206, 710/1
• US Class Current: 711/112
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/0613 in relation to throughput
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/064 Management of blocks
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/0652 Erasing, e.g. deleting, data cleaning, moving of data to a wastebasket
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/0676 Magnetic disk device
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 20/1217 on discs
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 2020/1297 wherein the focus is on the write access speed
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 2220/2516 Hard disks
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 707/99931 Database or file accessing

Abstract

A storage device controller configured for coupling to a storage device (e.g., a hard disk drive) having a multiple locations for storing data. The controller is coupled to receive a WRITE ANYWHERE command including write data. Unlike a conventional write command, the WRITE ANYWHERE command does not specify a location of the storage device where the write data is to be stored. The controller responds to the WRITE ANYWHERE command by: (i) selecting one or more unused locations of the storage device, and (ii) writing the write data to the storage device, wherein the writing of the write data includes directing the storage device to store the write data in the one or more unused locations of the storage device. At least a portion of the write data in stored in each of the one or more unused locations. The controller may be coupled to receive the WRITE ANYWHERE command from a host configured to track usage of the locations of the storage device. After writing the write data to the storage device, the controller may report the one or more locations of the storage device where the write data is stored to the host. The host may also issue FREE commands to the controller specifying locations of the storage device which should be identified as unused. In response to a received FREE command, the controller may store information in a memory indicating that the location of the storage device specified by the FREE command is unused.

Claims

1. A storage device controller configured for coupling to a storage device having a plurality of locations for storing data, wherein the controller is coupled to receive a write command including write data, and wherein the write command does not specify a location of the storage device where the write data is to be stored, and wherein the controller is configured to respond to the write command by:

(i) selecting an unused location of the storage device, and (ii) writing the write data to the storage device, wherein the writing of the write data includes directing the storage device to store at least a portion of the write data in the unused location, wherein the controller is coupled to receive the write command from a host, and wherein the host is configured to track usage of the locations of the storage device, wherein the controller is coupled to receive a FREE command from the host, and wherein the FREE command specifies a location of the storage device which should be identified as unused.

2. An apparatus, comprising:

a storage device having a plurality of locations for storing data;

a controller coupled to the storage device;

wherein the controller is coupled to receive a write command including write data, wherein the write command does not specify a location of the storage device where the write data is to be stored; and

wherein the controller is configured to respond to the write command by;

(i) selecting an unused location of the storage device, and (ii) writing the write data to the storage device, wherein the writing of the write data includes directing the storage device to store at least a portion of the write data in the unused location

a host coupled to the controller and configured to produce the write command, wherein the host tracks usage of the locations for storing data of the storage device, wherein the host is configured to issue a FREE command to the controller indicating a location of the storage device which should be identified as unused.

3. An apparatus, comprising:

a disk drive including a disk-shaped platter having a surface configured to store data, wherein the surface is divided into a plurality of different regions;

a controller coupled to the disk drive and comprising a memory for storing data indicating unused regions of the surface of the platter;

wherein the controller is configured to store a map on the disk-shaped platter, wherein the map indicates unused portions of the plurality of different regions, wherein said memory caches part or all of said map;

wherein the controller is coupled to receive a write command including write data, wherein the write command does not specify a region of the surface of the platter where the write data is to be stored; and

wherein the controller is configured to respond to the write command by;

(i) selecting an unused region of the surface of the platter from the data indicating unused regions of the surface of the platter, and (ii) writing the write data to the disk drive, wherein the writing of the write data includes directing the disk drive to store at least a portion of the write data in the selected unused region of the surface of the platter.

4. The apparatus as recited in claim 3, wherein the platter is rotated about an axis during operation of the disk drive, and wherein the disk drive comprises a read/write head positioned adjacent to the surface of the platter, and wherein the read/write head is used to store data within the surface and to retrieve stored data from the surface.

5. The apparatus as recited in claim 4, wherein the controller is configured to select the unused region of the surface from the data indicating unused regions of the surface dependent upon a current position of the read/write head with respect to the rotating platter.

6. The apparatus as recited in claim 3, wherein the surface of the platter is divided into a plurality of tracks arranged as concentric rings, and wherein each track is divided into a plurality of sectors.

7. The apparatus as recited in claim 6, wherein the plurality of different regions comprises a plurality of data regions, and wherein each track includes a portion of the data regions, and wherein each data region includes a plurality of disk blocks, and wherein each disk block includes at least one sector.

8. The apparatus as recited in claim 7, wherein the plurality of different regions comprises a plurality of map regions for said map, and wherein each map region includes a disk map corresponding to a different one of the data regions, and wherein a given disk map is located on the same track as the corresponding data region, and wherein each disk map includes information indicating whether each disk block of the corresponding data region is used or unused, and wherein the map regions are located within data regions.

9. The apparatus as recited in claim 8, wherein the selected unused region of the surface specified in the writing of the write data comprises an unused disk block, and wherein a data region including the unused disk block and the corresponding disk map are both written during the same rotation of the platter.

10. The apparatus as recited in claim 9, wherein each data region is positioned a fixed offset distance rotationally ahead of the corresponding disk map.

11. The apparatus as recited in claim 10, wherein the controller writes the data region including the unused disk block and the corresponding disk map via back-to-back writes to the disk drive, and wherein the fixed offset distance is selected dependent upon an amount of time required for the controller to issue, and the disk drive to execute, the back-to-back writes to the disk drive.

12. The apparatus as recited in claim 8, wherein the memory of the controller comprises a map cache for storing copies of a portion of the disk maps stored on the surface of the platter.

13. The apparatus as recited in claim 12, wherein the controller uses the copies of the disk maps stored in the map cache to select the unused region of the surface of the platter.

14. The apparatus as recited in claim 12, wherein the map cache includes copies of the disk maps on a track of the surface of the platter adjacent to which the read/write head is currently positioned.

15. The apparatus as recited in claim 14, wherein the memory of the controller further comprises a non-volatile memory for storing updated versions of a portion of the disk maps stored on the surface of the platter.

16. The apparatus as recited in claim 15, wherein the selected unused region of the surface specified in the writing of the write data comprises an unused disk block, and wherein the disk drive writes a data region including the unused disk block in response to the writing of the write data, and wherein the controller is configured to update the disk map corresponding to the data region including the unused disk block and to store the updated version of the disk map in the non-volatile memory.

17. The apparatus as recited in claim 16, wherein the controller is configured to write the updated versions of the disk maps stored within the non-volatile memory to the disk drive.

18. The apparatus as recited in claim 13, wherein the memory of the controller further comprises a non-volatile memory for storing disk maps corresponding to all of the data regions on the surface of the platter.

19. The apparatus as recited in claim 18, wherein the selected unused region of the surface specified in the writing of the write data comprises an unused disk block, and wherein the disk drive writes a data region including the unused disk block in response to the writing of the write data, and wherein the controller is configured to update the disk map corresponding to the data region including the unused disk block within the non-volatile memory.

20. The apparatus as recited in claim 3, further comprising a host coupled to the controller and configured to produce the write command, wherein the host tracks usage of the regions for storing data of the disk drive.

21. The apparatus as recited in claim 20, wherein the host comprises:

a central processing unit coupled to a memory and configured to execute instructions stored within the memory; and

file system software within the memory comprising instructions for tracking usage of the regions for storing data of the disk drive.

22. The apparatus as recited in claim 20, wherein after issuing the writing of the write data to the disk drive, the controller is configured to report the region of the surface of the platter where the portion of the write data is stored to the host.

23. The apparatus as recited in claim 20, wherein the host is configured to issue a FREE command to the controller indicating a region of the surface of the platter which should be identified as unused.

24. A method for writing data to a disk drive, the method comprising:

a drive controller receiving a file system command specifying data to be written to the disk drive but not specifying a location to write the data;

the drive controller determining a current head position of the disk drive and selecting a free location of the disk drive to write the specified data depending on the current head position;

the drive controller writing the specified data to the selected location;

the drive controller updating a map of free locations to indicate that the selected location is no longer free; and

the drive controller reporting to the file system the selected location at which the specified data was written;

wherein said map of free locations indicates which locations on said disk drive are free for storing data, and wherein said map of free locations is distributed into map portions residing on a plurality of tracks of the disk drive, and wherein each map portion corresponds to a data region residing on the same track, and wherein each map portion is offset from the corresponding data region so that the map portion can be written in the same disk rotation as the corresponding data region, and wherein said updating comprises updating the map portion for the data region in which the selected location is located.

25. A method for writing data to a disk drive, the method comprising:

a drive controller receiving a file system command specifying data to be written to the disk drive but not specifying a location to write the data;

the drive controller determining a current head position of the disk drive and selecting a free location of the disk drive to write the specified data depending on the current head position;

the drive controller writing the specified data to the selected location;

the drive controller updating a map of free locations to indicate that the selected location is no longer free; and

the drive controller reporting to the file system the selected location at which the specified data was written;

wherein said map of free locations indicates which locations on said disk drive are free for storing data, wherein said updating comprises the drive controller updating a portion of said map of free locations in a non-volatile memory.

26. The method as recited in claim 25, wherein said non-volatile memory is configured to store portions of said map of free locations, the method further comprising writing updated map entries in the non-volatile memory to the disk drive when the disk drive is idle or when the non-volatile memory is full.

27. The method as recited in claim 25, wherein said map of free locations for the entire disk drive is stored in said non-volatile memory.

28. The method as recited in claim 25, wherein said selecting a free location comprises the drive controller selecting the free location nearest the current head position of the disk drive with time to write the specified data.