Hybrid drive system

• US 6,793,027 B1
• Filed: 04/27/2001
• Issued: 09/21/2004
• Est. Priority Date: 08/27/1999
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Yamaha Hatsudoki Kabushiki Kaisha (Yamaha Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Yamaha Hatsudoki Kabushiki Kaisha (Yamaha Corporation)
• Inventors: Yamada, Toshiaki, Saito, Mikio
• Primary Examiner(s): VANAMAN, FRANK BENNETT
• Application Number:
  US09/830,820
• Time in Patent Office: 1,243 Days
• Field of Search: 180/65.1, 180/65.2, 180/65.3, 180/65.8, 429/12
• US Class Current: 180/65.1
• CPC Class Codes: B60K 1/04 of the electric storage means for propulsion exchanging batteries for electric propulsion of vehicles B60L53/80; for auxiliary purposes only B60R16/04; supplying batteries to, or removing batteries from, vehicles B60S5/06
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 15/2072 for drive off
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2200/12 Bikes
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/441 Speed
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/80 Time limits
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2250/10 by alarm
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 3/0046 relating to electric energy storage systems, e.g. batteries or capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 3/0053 relating to fuel cells
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 3/04 Cutting off the power supply under fault conditions protective devices and circuit arrangements in general H01H; H02H
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 50/53 in combination with an external power supply, e.g. from overhead contact lines
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/80 Exchanging energy storage elements, e.g. removable batteries
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/12 responding to state of charge [SoC]
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/33 by cooling
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/40 for controlling a combination of batteries and fuel cells
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2050/0045 using databus protocols
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2050/143 Alarm means
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2050/146 Display means
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2510/0638 Engine speed
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2510/244 Charge state
• CPC Class Codes: B60Y 2200/12 Motorcycles, Trikes; Quads; Scooters
• CPC Class Codes: B62K 2204/00 : Adaptations for driving cycles by electric motor for driving electrically assisted bicycles B62M6/00
• CPC Class Codes: B62M 7/00 : Motorcycles characterised by position of motor or engine rider propulsion with addition source of power, e.g. auxiliary combustion engine or electric motor B62M6/00; frames characterised by position of engine B62K11/00
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 16/006 : of fuel cells with rechargeable batteries
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04298 : Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04365 : of other components of a fuel cell or fuel cell stacks
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04373 : of auxiliary devices, e.g. reformers, compressors, burners
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04455 : of cathode reactants at the inlet or inside the fuel cell
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04567 : of auxiliary devices, e.g. batteries, capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04597 : of auxiliary devices, e.g. batteries, capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04619 : of fuel cell stacks
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04626 : of auxiliary devices, e.g. batteries, capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04656 : of auxiliary devices, e.g. batteries, capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04679 : of fuel cell stacks
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04686 : of auxiliary devices, e.g. batteries, capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 : Energy storage using batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/50 : Fuel cells
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/64 : Electric machine technologies in electromobility
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 : Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/7072 : Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/72 : Electric energy management in electromobility
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/12 : Electric charging stations
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/14 : Plug-in electric vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/40 : Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells

Abstract

A hybrid-driven device includes an electric power storage device and a fuel cell. The hybrid-driven device can be a vehicle such as a motorcycle, scooter, watercraft, an automobile, and the like. The electric power storage device, such as a battery, and a fuel cell, can be formed into independent unitary modules, each having a controller. Each of the modules can be removably mounted as a unit to the vehicle. Additionally, each independent module can include sensors for detecting a state of the respective module. Each module can also include memory for storing data gathered by the sensors. The vehicle can also include a controller which controls the electrical power storage device and the fuel cell to provide smooth operation of the device.

Claims

1. A hybrid powered vehicle comprising a vehicle body, a propulsion unit configured to propel the vehicle body, a battery unit configured to supply sufficient power to the propulsion unit to propel the vehicle body, the battery unit comprising a battery configured to store electric power, a battery unit controller, a battery unit sensor configured to detect at least one operational characteristic of the battery and emit a signal including battery data indicative of the operational characteristic of the battery, and a battery unit memory configured to store the battery data, the battery unit being formed as integral unit, a fuel cell unit configured to supply sufficient power to the propulsion unit to propel the vehicle body, the fuel cell unit comprising a fuel cell configured to generate electrical power from a flow of fuel therethrough, a fuel cell unit controller, a fuel cell unit sensor configured to detect at least one operational characteristic of the fuel cell and emit a signal including fuel cell data indicative of the operational characteristic of the fuel cell, and a fuel cell unit memory configured to store the fuel cell data, the fuel cell unit being configured as an integral unit, and a main controller configured to selectively supply power from the battery unit and the fuel cell unit to the propulsion unit.

2. The vehicle according to claim 1 additionally comprising a first bidirectional data connection between the main controller and the battery unit controller and a second bidirectional data connection between main controller in the fuel cell unit controller.

3. The vehicle according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the fuel cell unit and the battery unit is removable from the vehicle as an integrated unit.

4. The vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the battery unit controller is configured to determine an amount of electrical power in the battery, the fuel cell unit controller being configured to determine an amount of electrical power available from the fuel cell, the main controller being configured to emit a warning signal if the amount of electrical power available from at least one of the battery unit and the fuel cell unit is below a predetermined amount.

5. The vehicle according to claim 1 additionally comprising a battery unit switch selectively connecting the battery unit with the main controller and a fuel cell unit switch selectively connecting the fuel cell unit with the controller, the main controller being configured to detect an abnormality in the battery unit and the fuel cell unit, and to operate at least one of the switches if an abnormality is detected in one of the battery unit and the fuel cell unit.

6. A hybrid-powered vehicle comprising a vehicle body, a propulsion device configured to propel the vehicle body, first and second power supply sources being different from each other, each power supply source being configured to supply sufficient power to drive the propulsion device, a controller configured to determine an amount of power available from each of the first and second power supply sources, the controller being configured to calculate an approximate travel range of the vehicle based on the amount of power available from the first and second power supply sources, wherein the first power source is a fuel cell and the second power source is a battery, the controller being configured to determine a fuel consumption ratio of the fuel cell and a capacity consumption ratio of the battery, the controller also being configured to determine the approximate travel range based on the fuel consumption ratio and the capacity consumption ratio.

7. The vehicle as set forth in claim 6, wherein the controller is configured to emit a warning if the approximate travel range is not more than a predetermined travel range.

8. The vehicle as set forth in claim 6 additionally comprising a memory including data regarding capacity of the battery corresponding to a current and a voltage of the battery, the controller being configured to calculate battery capacity based on the data and at least one of the current and voltage of the battery.

9. The vehicle as set forth in claim 8, wherein the controller is configured to obtain a first detection data regarding at least one of current and voltage of the battery and a second detection data regarding at least one of current and voltage of the battery after a predetermined time period has elapsed from when the first detection data was obtained.

10. The vehicle as set forth in claim 9, wherein the controller is configured to determine an impedance of the battery from the calculated capacity value based on the first and the second detection data.

11. A hybrid-powered vehicle comprising a vehicle body, a propulsion device configured to propel the vehicle body, first and a second power supply sources being different from each other, each power supply source being configured to supply sufficient power to drive the propulsion device, a controller configured to determine an amount of power available from each of the first and second power supply sources, the controller including means for calculating an approximate travel range of the vehicle based on the amount of power available from the first and second power supply sources, wherein the first power source is a fuel cell and the second power source is a battery, the means for calculating including means for determining a fuel consumption ratio of the fuel cell and a capacity consumption ratio of the battery, the means for calculating including means for determining the approximate travel range based on the fuel consumption ratio and the capacity consumption ratio.

12. The vehicle as set forth in claim 11, wherein the controller includes means for emitting a warning if the approximate travel range is not more than a predetermined travel range.

13. The vehicle as set forth in claim 11 additionally comprising a memory including data regarding capacity of the battery corresponding to a current and a voltage of the battery, the controller being configured to calculate battery capacity based on the data and at least one of the current and voltage of the battery.

14. The vehicle as set forth in claim 13, wherein the controller includes means for obtaining first and second detection data regarding at least one of current and voltage of the battery with a predetermined time period delay between obtaining the first and second detection data.

15. The vehicle as set forth in claim 14, wherein the controller includes means for determining an impedance of the battery from the calculated capacity value based on the first and the second detection data.