Inorganic dopants, inks and related nanotechnology

• US 6,849,109 B2
• Filed: 06/06/2003
• Issued: 02/01/2005
• Est. Priority Date: 09/03/1996
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: PPG Industries Ohio Incorporated (Nouryon BV)
• Original Assignee: NanoProducts Corporation (Nouryon BV)
• Inventors: Yadav, Tapesh, Alexander, John
• Primary Examiner(s): LE, HOA T
• Application Number:
  US10/455,874
• Publication Number:
  US 20040170820A1
• Time in Patent Office: 606 Days
• Field of Search: 106/31.13, 106/31.9, 106/31.86, 106/31.88, 106/286.2, 106/287.23, 428/323, 428/328, 428/900, 428/402, 428/329, 428/331
• US Class Current: 106/31.13
• CPC Class Codes: A61L 27/06 Titanium or titanium alloys
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 12/005 carried out at high temperatures, e.g. by pyrolysis
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 12/02 for obtaining at least one reaction product which, at normal temperature, is in the solid state
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 19/0046 Sequential or parallel reactions, e.g. for the synthesis of polypeptides or polynucleotides; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making molecular arrays synthesis methods per se C40B50/00
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 19/24 Stationary reactors without moving elements inside B01J19/08, B01J19/26 take precedence; with stationary particles B01J8/02
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00094 Jackets
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00135 Electric resistance heaters
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00155 using insulating materials or refractories
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00177 controlling the pH
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/0018 controlling the conductivity
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00317 Microwell devices, i.e. having large numbers of wells
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00385 Printing
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/0043 for direct application of reagents, e.g. through openings in a shutter
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00653 the compounds being bound to electrodes embedded in or on the solid supports
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00707 separated from the reactor apparatus
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00745 Inorganic compounds
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00747 Catalysts
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• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00756 Compositions, e.g. coatings, crystals, formulations
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• CPC Class Codes: B22F 2999/00 : Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
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• CPC Class Codes: C01P 2004/04 : obtained by TEM, STEM, STM or AFM
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• CPC Class Codes: C01P 2004/62 : Submicrometer sized, i.e. from 0.1-1 micrometer
• CPC Class Codes: C01P 2004/64 : Nanometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 nanometer
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• CPC Class Codes: C04B 2235/3241 : Chromium oxides, chromates, or oxide-forming salts thereof
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• CPC Class Codes: C04B 2235/3275 : Cobalt oxides, cobaltates or cobaltites or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. bismuth cobaltate, zinc cobaltite
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 2235/3279 : Nickel oxides, nickalates, or oxide-forming salts thereof
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 2235/3284 : Zinc oxides, zincates, cadmium oxides, cadmiates, mercury oxides, mercurates or oxide forming salts thereof
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• CPC Class Codes: C04B 2235/79 : Non-stoichiometric products, e.g. perovskites (ABO3) with an A/B-ratio other than 1
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 2235/80 : Phases present in the sintered or melt-cast ceramic products other than the main phase
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 35/00 : Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition porous ceramic products C04B38/00; ceramic articles characterised by particular shape, see the relevant classes, e.g. linings for casting ladles, tundishes, cups or the like B22D41/02; ceramic substrates for microelectronic semi-conductors H01L23/15; Ceramics compositions containing free metal bonded to carbides, diamond, oxides, borides, nitrides, silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides or sulfides other than as macroscopic reinforcing agents C22C; shaping of ceramics B28B; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products chemical preparation of powders of inorganic compounds C01; infiltration of sintered ceramic preforms with molten metal C04B41/51
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 35/01 : based on oxide ceramics
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 35/10 : based on aluminium oxide
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 35/265 : Compositions containing one or more ferrites of the group comprising manganese or zinc and one or more ferrites of the group comprising nickel, copper or cobalt
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 35/2666 : Other ferrites containing nickel, copper or cobalt
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 35/453 : based on zinc, tin, or bismuth oxides or solid solutions thereof with other oxides, e.g. zincates, stannates or bismuthates
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 35/457 : based on tin oxides or stannates
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 35/56 : based on carbides or oxycarbides containing free metal binder C22C29/00
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 35/5611 : based on titanium carbides
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 35/581 : based on aluminium nitride
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 35/62222 : obtaining ceramic coatings coating of mortars, concrete, artificial or natural stone or ceramics C04B41/45; laminated ceramic products B32B18/00; coating metallic materials C23; coating of glass C03C17/00, applying ceramic coatings on silicon for semi-conductor purposes H01L
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 41/009 : characterised by the material treated
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 41/4539 : as a emulsion, dispersion or suspension
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 41/4549 : Nanometer-sized particles
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 41/5027 : Oxide ceramics in general; Specific oxide ceramics not covered by C04B41/5029 - C04B41/5051
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 41/5049 : Zinc or bismuth oxides
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 41/5059 : Silicon carbide
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 41/5116 : Ag or Au
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 41/5122 : Pd or Pt
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 41/52 : Multiple coating or impregnating multiple coating or impregnating with the same composition or with compositions only differing in the concentration of the constituents, is classified as single coating or impregnation
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 41/524 : Multiple coatings, comprising a coating layer of the same material as a previous coating layer
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 41/87 : Ceramics
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 41/89 : for obtaining at least two superposed coatings having different compositions
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 41/90 : at least one coating being a metal
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• CPC Class Codes: C08K 3/01 : characterized by their specific function
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• CPC Class Codes: H01F 1/0045 : Zero dimensional, e.g. nanoparticles, soft nanoparticles for medical/biological use preparation of fullerenes in general C01B32/15
• CPC Class Codes: H01F 1/36 : in the form of particles H01F1/346, H01F1/348 and H01F1/38 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01F 41/0246 : Manufacturing of magnetic circuits by moulding or by pressing powder magnetic cores made by moulding or by pressing powder H01F27/255; soft magnetic particles H01F1/20, H01F1/36
• CPC Class Codes: H01G 4/12 : Ceramic dielectrics H01G4/085 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01G 4/33 : Thin- or thick-film capacitors thin- or thick-film circuits H01L27/00; capacitors without a potential-jump or surface barrier specially adapted for integrated circuits, details thereof, multistep manufacturing processes therefor H01L28/40
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 23/49883 : the conductive materials containing organic materials or pastes, e.g. for thick films for printed circuits H05K1/092
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 23/5328 : containing conductive organic materials or pastes, e.g. conductive adhesives, inks
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 2924/00 : Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
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Abstract

Ink compositions with modified properties result from using a powder size below 100 nanometers. Colored inks are illustrated. Nanoscale coated, uncoated, whisker inorganic fillers are included. The pigment nanopowders taught comprise one or more elements from the group actinium, aluminum, antimony, arsenic, barium, beryllium, bismuth, cadmuim, calcium, cerium, cesium, chalcogenide, cobalt, copper, dysprosium, erbium, europium, gadolinium, gallium, gold, hafnium, hydrogen, indium, iridium, iron, lanthanum, lithium, magnesium, manganese, mendelevium, mercury, molybdenum, neodymium, neptunium, nickel, niobium, nitrogen, oxygen, osmium, palladium, platinum, potassium, praseodymium, promethium, protactinium, rhenium, rubidium, scandium, silver, sodium, strontium, tantalum, terbium, thallium, thorium, tin, titanium, tungsten, vanadium, ytterbium, yttrium, zinc, and zirconium.

Claims

1. An ink composition comprising:

inorganic multimetallic nanofillers with domain size less than 100 nanometers;

a solvent;

wherein the nanofillers are dispersed in the solvent; and

wherein the nanofillers exhibit transparency to a visible wavelength of light that differs by more than 20% as compared with transparency to the visible wavelength of light exhibited by fillers of similar composition with fillers having a domain size of at least one micron.

2. A product prepared from the ink composition of claim 1.

3. The ink of claim 1 wherein the nanofillers comprise two or more elements selected from the group consisting of:

aluminum, bismuth, cadmium, calcium, cerium, cobalt, copper, europium, antimony, boron, germanium, indium, nitrogen, phosphorus, selenium, sulfur, tellurium, iron, lithium, lanthanum, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, neodymium, nickel, niobium, potassium, praseodymium, silicon, silver, sodium, strontium, tantalum, tin, titanium, tungsten, vanadium, ytterbium, yttrium, zinc, and zirconium.

4. The ink composition of claim 1 wherein the solvent comprises an alcohol.

5. The ink composition of claim 1 wherein the solvent comprises an oxygen containing organic solvent.

6. The ink composition of claim 1 wherein the nanofillers comprise oxide.

7. The ink composition of claim 1 wherein the nanofillers comprise metal.

8. The ink composition of claim 1 wherein the nanofillers exhibit blue color.

9. The ink composition of claim 1 wherein the nanofillers exhibits color.

10. The ink composition of claim 1 wherein the nanopowders comprise non-stoichiometric nanopowders.

11. An ink composition comprising:

nanopowders with domain size less than 100 nanometers;

a solvent in which the nanopowders have been dispersed;

wherein the nanopowders comprise of at least one metal; and

wherein the nanofillers exhibit transparency to a visible wavelength of light that differs by more than 20% as compared with transparency to the visible wavelength of light exhibited by fillers of similar composition with fillers having a domain size of at least one micron.

12. A product prepared from the ink composition of claim 11.

13. A layer prepared from the ink composition of claim 11.

14. The ink composition of claim 11 wherein the nanopowders comprise of at least two metals.

15. The ink composition of claim 11 wherein the solvent comprises an oxygen containing organic solvent.

16. The ink composition of claim 11 wherein the nanopowders are coated nanopowders.

17. The ink composition of claim 11 wherein the nanopowders comprise non-stoichiometric nanopowders.

18. The ink composition of claim 11 wherein the nanopowders comprise nanorods.

19. The ink composition of claim 11 wherein the nanopowders comprise nanowhiskers.

20. The ink composition of claim 11 wherein the nanopowders comprise conductive nanopowder.

21. The ink composition of claim 11 wherein the nanopowders comprise magnetic nanopowder.

22. The ink composition of claim 11 wherein the nanopowders comprise phosphor nanopowder.

23. A device prepared from the ink composition of claim 11.

24. The ink composition of claim 11 wherein the nanopowders comprise median particle size less than 30 nanometers and a standard deviation less than 10 nanometers.

25. A biomedical marker prepared from the ink composition of claim 24.

26. A biomedical carrier prepared from the ink composition of claim 11.

27. The ink composition of claim 11 wherein the nanopowders comprise at least two elements selected from actinium, aluminum, antimony, arsenic, barium, bismuth, cadmium, calcium, cerium, cesium, copper, dysprosium, erbium, europium, gadolinium, gallium, gold, hafnium, antimony, boron, germanium, indium, nitrogen, phosphorus, selenium, sulfur, tellurium, iridium, iron, lanthanum, lithium, magnesium, manganese, mendelevium, mercury, molybdenum, neodymium, neptunium, nickel, niobium, osmium, palladium, platinum, potassium, praseodymium, promethium, protactinium, rhenium, rubidium, scandium, silver, sodium, strontium, tantalum, terbium, thallium, thorium, tin, titanium, tungsten, vanadium, ytterbium, yttrium, zinc, and zirconium.

28. An electromagnetic shielding layer prepared from the ink composition of claim 11.

29. A thermal conductive layer prepared from the ink composition of claim 11.

30. An electrically conductive layer prepared from the ink composition of claim 11.

31. A dielectric layer prepared from the ink composition of claim 11.

32. A magnetic layer prepared from the ink composition of claim 11.

33. A bioactive layer prepared from the ink composition of claim 11.

34. An ink composition comprising

oxide nanopowders with domain size less than 100 nanometers;

a solvent in which the oxide nanopowders have been dispersed;

wherein the oxide nanopowders comprise of at least one element selected from the group consisting of actinium, aluminum, antimony, arsenic, barium, bismuth, cadmium, calcium, cerium, cesium, copper, dysprosium, erbium, europium, gadolinium, gallium, gold, hafnium, antimony, boron, germanium, indium, nitrogen, phosphorus, selenium, sulfur, tellurium, iridium, iron, lanthanum, lithium, magnesium, manganese, mendelevium, mercury, molybdenum, neodymium, neptunium, nickel, niobium, osmium, palladium, platinum, potassium, praseodymium, promethium, protactinium, rhenium, rubidium, scandium, silver, sodium, strontium, tantalum, terbium, thallium, thorium, tin, titanium, tungsten, vanadium, ytterbium, yttrium, zinc, and zirconium, and

wherein the nanofillers exhibit transparency to a visible wavelength of light that differs by more than 20% as compared with transparency to the visible wavelength of light exhibited by fillers of similar composition with fillers having a domain size of at least one micron.

35. A product prepared from the ink composition of claim 34.

36. A layer prepared from the ink composition of claim 34.

37. The ink composition of claim 34 wherein the nanopowders comprise at least two elements from the group.

38. The ink composition of claim 34 wherein the nanopowders comprise at least three elements from the group.

39. The ink composition of claim 34 wherein the nanopowders comprise coated nanopowders.

40. The ink composition of claim 34 wherein the nanopowders comprise non-stoichiometric nanopowders.