Noninvasive measurement system

US 6,853,854 B1
Filed: 01/21/2000
Issued: 02/08/2005
Est. Priority Date: 09/18/1998
Status: Expired due to Fees

First Claim

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1. A method of manipulating wave data, comprising:

receiving wave data reflected from a biological entity; and

, correlating the reflected wave data to a substance in the biological entity, wherein the correlating step comprises the steps of;

calculating an amplitude for the reflected wave data;

calculating a phase angle for the reflected wave data; and

, identifying a glucose level in the biological entity by using the amplitude and the phase angle.

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Abstract

The noninvasive measurement system provides a technique for manipulating wave data. In particular, wave data reflected from a biological entity is received, and the reflected wave data is correlated to a substance in the biological entity. The wave data may comprise light waves, and the biological entity may comprise a human being or blood. Additionally, a substance may comprise, for example, a molecule or ionic substance. The molecule may be, for example, a glucose molecule.

Furthermore, the wave data is used to form a matrix of pixels with the received wave data. The matrix of pixels may be modified by techniques of masking, stretching, or removing hot spots.

Then, the pixels may be integrated to obtain an integration value that is correlated to a glucose level. The correlation process may use a lookup table, which may be calibrated to a particular biological entity. Moreover, an amplitude and phase angle may be calculated for the reflected wave data and used to identify a glucose level in the biological entity.

The glucose level may be displayed on a monitor attached to the computer. The computer may be a portable, self-contained unit that comprises a data processing system and a wave reflection capture system. On the other hand, the computer may be attached to a network of other computers, wherein the reflected wave data is received by the computer and forwarded to another computer in the network for processing.

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285 Claims

1. A method of manipulating wave data, comprising:
- receiving wave data reflected from a biological entity; and
  
  , correlating the reflected wave data to a substance in the biological entity, wherein the correlating step comprises the steps of;
  
  calculating an amplitude for the reflected wave data;
  
  calculating a phase angle for the reflected wave data; and
  
  , identifying a glucose level in the biological entity by using the amplitude and the phase angle.
- View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46)
- - 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the wave data comprises light waves.
  - 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the biological entity is an eye, and the method further comprising the step of forming a plurality of pixels based on the reflected wave data.
  - 4. The method of claim 3, further comprising:
    - integrating the pixels to form an integrated value; and
      
      correlating the integrated value to a glucose level.
  - 5. The method of claim 3, further comprising identifying a center of the eye.
  - 6. The method of claim 3, wherein the eye comprises an iris and a pupil.
  - 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising calculating an average brightness around the pupil of the eye.
  - 8. The method of claim 7, further comprising equalizing the iris using the brightness around the pupil as a baseline.
  - 9. The method of claim 6, further comprising masking the pupil of the eye.
  - 10. The method of claim 2, wherein the received light waves are reflected from an eye and the method further comprises forming a matrix comprised of pixels based on the received light waves.
  - 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the amplitude is calculated by summing all of the pixels.
  - 12. The method of claim 10 wherein calculating the phase angle comprises:
    - summing rows of pixels in the matrix to obtain an xGRU value;
      
      summing columns of pixels in the matrix to obtain a yGRU value; and
      
      calculating a ratio of the xGRU value and the yGRU value.
  - 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the ratio is calculated by dividing a larger of the xGRU value and the yGRU value by a smaller of the xGRU value and the yGRU value.
  - 14. The method of claim 10, further comprising masking a portion of the matrix.
  - 15. The method of claim 10, further comprising calculating a true amplitude.
  - 16. The method of claim 15, wherein calculating the true amplitude comprises subtracting a value based on the phase angle from a summation of pixels formed by the light waves.
  - 17. The method of claim 2, further comprising applying a filter to the reflected light waves.
  - 18. The method of claim 1, wherein the biological entity comprises a human being.
  - 19. The method of claim 1, wherein the biological entity comprises blood.
  - 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the substance comprises glucose molecules in the blood.
  - 21. The method of claim 1, further comprising forming a matrix of pixels with the received wave data.
  - 22. The method of claim 21, further comprising masking a portion of the matrix.
  - 23. The method of claim 21, wherein calculating an amplitude comprises integrating the pixels to obtain an integration value.
  - 24. The method of claim 23, wherein identifying the glucose level comprises matching the integration value to the glucose level.
  - 25. The method of claim 24, wherein matching comprises using a lookup table.
  - 26. The method of claim 25, wherein the lookup table is calibrated to the biological entity.
  - 27. The method of claim 1, wherein the biological entity comprises an eye having an iris and a pupil and further comprising:
    - calculating an average brightness around the pupil of the eye; and
      
      equalizing the iris using the brightness around the pupil as a baseline.
  - 28. The method of claim 1, further comprising removing hot spots.
  - 29. The method of claim 1, wherein the received wave data forms a matrix comprised of pixels.
  - 30. The method of claim 29, wherein the amplitude is comprised of a summation of all of the pixels.
  - 31. The method of claim 21, further comprising performing automatic level control.
  - 32. The method of claim 31, where performing automatic level control comprises modifying a value of the pixels to obtain an average desired value.
  - 33. The method of claim 32, wherein the average desired value is 35.
  - 34. The method of claim 21, further comprising calculating a true amplitude that comprises subtracting a value based on the phase angle from a summation of the pixels.
  - 35. The method of claim 1, wherein calculating the phase angle comprises:
    - calculating an xGRU value;
      
      calculating a YGRU value; and
      
      calculating a ratio of the xGRU and yGRU value.
  - 36. The method of claim 1, further comprising performing automatic fine-tuning.
  - 37. The method of claim 1, further comprising displaying the glucose level on a monitor attached to a computer.
  - 38. The method of claim 37, wherein the computer is a portable unit that comprises a data processing system and a wave reflection capture system.
  - 39. The method of claim 38, wherein the wave reflection capture system is a CCD camera.
  - 40. The method of claim 38, wherein the wave reflection capture system is a digital camera.
  - 41. The method of claim 37, wherein the computer is attached to a network of other computers.
  - 42. The method of claim 41, wherein the reflected wave data is received by the computer and forwarded to another computer in the network for processing.
  - 43. The method of claim 1, further comprising removing hot spots.
  - 44. The method of claim 1, wherein the biological entity comprises an eye.
  - 45. The method of claim 1, wherein the biological entity comprises skin.
  - 46. The method of claim 1, wherein the biological entity comprises a nail bed.

47. An apparatus for manipulating wave data, comprising:
- a computer connected to a data storage device; and
  
  , a computer program carrier readable by the computer and embodying one or more instructions executable by the computer to perform method steps for manipulating wave data in the computer, the method comprising the steps of;
  
  receiving wave data reflected from a biological entity; and
  
  , correlating the reflected wave data to a substance in the biological entity, wherein the correlating step comprises the steps of;
  
  calculating an amplitude for the reflected wave data;
  
  calculating a phase angle for the reflected wave data; and
  
  , identifying a glucose level in the biological entity by using the amplitude and the phase angle.
- View Dependent Claims (48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83)
- - 48. The apparatus of claim 47, wherein the wave data comprises light waves.
  - 49. The apparatus of claim 48, wherein the biological entity is an eye, and wherein the method steps for manipulating wave data in the computer further comprise the step of creating a plurality of pixels based on the reflected wave data.
  - 50. The apparatus of claim 49, wherein the step of calculating the amplitude comprises the steps of integrating the pixels to form an integrated value;
    - and the step of identifying the glucose level comprises correlating the integrated value to the glucose level.
  - 51. The apparatus of claim 49, wherein the method steps for manipulating wave data in the computer further comprise the step of identifying a center of the eye.
  - 52. The apparatus of claim 49, wherein the eye comprises an iris and a pupil.
  - 53. The apparatus of claim 52, wherein the method steps for manipulating wave data in the computer further comprise the step of calculating an average brightness around the pupil of the eye.
  - 54. The apparatus of claim 53, wherein the method steps for manipulating wave data in the computer further comprise the step of equalizing the iris using the brightness around the pupil as a baseline.
  - 55. The apparatus of claim 52, wherein the method steps for manipulating wave data in the computer further comprise the step of masking the pupil of the eye.
  - 56. The apparatus of claim 48, wherein the received light waves are reflected from an eye and wherein the method steps for manipulating wave data in the computer further comprise the step of forming a matrix comprised of pixels.
  - 57. The apparatus of claim 56, wherein the amplitude is calculated by summing all of the pixels.
  - 58. The apparatus of claim 56, wherein the step of calculating the phase angle comprises the steps of:
    - summing rows of pixels of the matrix to obtain an xGRU value;
      
      summing columns of pixels of the matrix to obtain a yGRU value; and
      
      calculating a ratio of the xGRU value and the yGRU value.
  - 59. The apparatus of claim 58, wherein the ratio is calculated by dividing a larger of the xGRU value and the yGRU value by a smaller of the xGRU value and yGRU value.
  - 60. The apparatus of claim 56, wherein the method steps for manipulating wave data in the computer further comprise the step of masking a portion of the matrix.
  - 61. The apparatus of claim 56, wherein the method steps for manipulating wave data in the computer further comprise the step of calculating a true amplitude.
  - 62. The apparatus of claim 61, wherein the step of calculating a true amplitude comprises the step of subtracting a value based on the phase angle from a summation of pixels formed by the light waves.
  - 63. The apparatus of claim 48, wherein the method steps for manipulating wave data in the computer further comprise the step of applying a filter to the reflected light waves.
  - 64. The apparatus of claim 47, wherein the biological entity comprises blood and wherein the substance comprises glucose molecules in the blood.
  - 65. The apparatus of claim 47, wherein the method steps for manipulating wave data in the computer further comprise the step of forming a matrix of pixels with the received wave data.
  - 66. The apparatus of claim 65, wherein the method steps for manipulating wave data in the computer further comprise the step of masking a portion of the matrix.
  - 67. The apparatus of claim 65, wherein the step of calculating an amplitude comprises the step of integrating the pixels to obtain an integration value.
  - 68. The apparatus of claim 67, wherein the step of identifying the glucose level comprises the step of matching the integration value to the glucose level.
  - 69. The apparatus of claim 68, wherein the step of matching comprises the step of using a lookup table.
  - 70. The apparatus of claim 65, wherein the method steps for manipulating wave data in the computer further comprise the step of performing automatic level control.
  - 71. The apparatus of claim 70, where the step of performing automatic level control comprises the step of modifying a value of the pixels to obtain an average desired value.
  - 72. The apparatus of claim 71, wherein the average desired value is 35.
  - 73. The apparatus of claim 47, wherein the biological entity comprises an eye having an iris and a pupil, and wherein the method steps for manipulating wave data in the computer further comprise the steps of:
    - calculating an average brightness around the pupil of the eye; and
      
      equalizing the iris using the brightness around the pupil as a baseline.
  - 74. The apparatus of claim 47, wherein the method steps for manipulating wave data in the computer further comprise the step of removing hot spots.
  - 75. The apparatus of claim 47, wherein the method steps for manipulating wave data in the computer further comprise the step of performing automatic fine tuning.
  - 76. The apparatus of claim 47, wherein the method steps for manipulating wave data in the computer further comprise the step of displaying the glucose level on a monitor attached to the computer.
  - 77. The apparatus of claim 47, wherein the computer is attached to a network of other computers and wherein the reflected wave data is received by the computer and forwarded to another computer in the network for processing.
  - 78. The apparatus of claim 47, wherein the method steps for manipulating wave data in the computer further comprise the step of removing hot spots.
  - 79. The apparatus of claim 47, wherein the biological entity comprises an eye.
  - 80. The apparatus of claim 47, wherein the biological entity comprises skin.
  - 81. The apparatus of claim 47, wherein the biological entity comprises blood.
  - 82. The apparatus of claim 47, wherein the biological entity comprises a nail bed.
  - 83. The apparatus of claim 47, wherein the method steps for manipulating wave data in the computer further comprise the step of performing automatic fine tuning.

84. An article of manufacture comprising a computer program carrier readable by a computer and embodying one or more instructions executable by the computer to perform method steps for manipulating wave data in the computer, the method comprising:
- receiving wave data reflected from a biological entity; and
  
  , correlating the reflected wave data to a substance in the biological entity, wherein the correlating step comprises the steps of;
  
  calculating an amplitude for the reflected wave data;
  
  calculating a phase angle for the reflected wave data; and
  
  , identifying a glucose level in the biological entity by using the amplitude and the phase angle.
- View Dependent Claims (85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119)
- - 85. The article of manufacture of claim 84, wherein the wave data comprises light waves.
  - 86. The article of manufacture of claim 85, wherein the received light waves are reflected from an eye and wherein the method steps for manipulating wave data in the computer further comprise the step of forming a matrix comprised of pixels.
  - 87. The article of manufacture of claim 86, wherein the amplitude is calculated by summing all of the pixels.
  - 88. The article of manufacture of claim 86, wherein the step of calculating the phase angle comprises the steps of:
    - summing rows of pixels of the matrix to obtain an xGRU value;
      
      summing columns of pixels of the matrix to obtain a yGRU value; and
      
      , calculating a ratio of the xGRU value and the yGRU value.
  - 89. The article of manufacture of claim 88, wherein the ratio is calculated by dividing a larger of the xGRU value and the yGRU value by a smaller of the xGRU value and the yGRU value.
  - 90. The article of manufacture of claim 86, wherein the method steps for manipulating wave data in the computer further comprise the step of masking a portion of the matrix.
  - 91. The article of manufacture of claim 85, wherein the method steps for manipulating wave data in the computer further comprise the step of calculating a true amplitude.
  - 92. The article of manufacture of claim 91, wherein the step of calculating a true amplitude comprises the step of subtracting a phase angle from a summation of pixels formed by the light waves.
  - 93. The article of manufacture of claim 85, wherein the method steps for manipulating wave data in the computer further comprise the step of applying a filter to the reflected light waves.
  - 94. The article of manufacture of claim 84, wherein the biological entity comprises blood and wherein the substance comprises glucose molecules in the blood.
  - 95. The article of manufacture of claim 84, wherein the method steps for manipulating wave data in the computer further comprise the step of forming a matrix of pixels with the received wave data.
  - 96. The article of manufacture of claim 95, wherein the method steps for manipulating wave data in the computer further comprise the step of masking a portion of the matrix.
  - 97. The article of manufacture of claim 95, wherein the step of calculating an amplitude comprises the step of integrating the pixels to obtain an integration value.
  - 98. The article of manufacture of claim 97, wherein the step of identifying the glucose level comprises the step of matching the integration value to the glucose level.
  - 99. The article of manufacture of claim 98, wherein the step of matching comprises the step of using a lookup table.
  - 100. The article of manufacture of claim 95, wherein the method steps for manipulating wave data in the computer further comprise the step of performing automatic level control.
  - 101. The article of manufacture of claim 100, where the step of performing automatic level control comprises the step of modifying a value of the pixels to obtain an average desired value.
  - 102. The article of manufacture of claim 101, wherein the average desired value is 35.
  - 103. The article of manufacture of claim 84, wherein the biological entity comprises an eye having an iris and a pupil, and wherein the method steps for manipulating wave data in the computer further comprise the steps of:
    - calculating an average brightness around the pupil of the eye; and
      
      , equalizing the iris using the brightness around the pupil as a baseline.
  - 104. The article of manufacture of claim 84, wherein the method steps for manipulating wave data in the computer further comprise the step of removing hot spots.
  - 105. The article of manufacture of claim 84, wherein the method steps for manipulating wave data in the computer further comprise the step of performing automatic fine tuning.
  - 106. The article of manufacture of claim 84, wherein the method steps for manipulating wave data in the computer further comprise the step of displaying the glucose level on a monitor attached to the computer.
  - 107. The article of manufacture of claim 84, wherein the computer is attached to a network of other computers and wherein the method steps for manipulating wave data in the computer further comprise the step of forwarding the reflected wave data to another computer in the network for processing.
  - 108. The article of manufacture of claim 84, wherein the biological entity is an eye, and wherein the method steps for manipulating wave data in the computer further comprise the step of forming a plurality of pixels based on the reflected wave data.
  - 109. The article of manufacture of claim 108, wherein the step of calculating the amplitude comprises integrating the plurality of pixels to form an integrated value;
    - and, the step of determining the glucose level comprises correlating the integrated value to the glucose level.
  - 110. The article of manufacture of claim 108, wherein the method steps for manipulating wave data in the computer further comprise the step of identifying a center of the eye.
  - 111. The article of manufacture of claim 108, wherein the eye comprises an iris and a pupil.
  - 112. The article of manufacture of claim 111, wherein the method steps for manipulating wave data in the computer further comprise the step of calculating an average brightness around the pupil of the eye.
  - 113. The article of manufacture of claim 112, wherein the method steps for manipulating wave data in the computer further comprise the step of equalizing the iris using the brightness around the pupil as a baseline.
  - 114. The article of manufacture of claim 111, wherein the method steps for manipulating wave data in the computer further comprise the step of masking the pupil of the eye.
  - 115. The article of manufacture of claim 84, wherein the method steps for manipulating wave data in the computer further comprise the step of removing hot spots.
  - 116. The article of manufacture of claim 84, wherein the biological entity comprises eye.
  - 117. The article of manufacture of claim 84, wherein the biological entity comprises skin.
  - 118. The article of manufacture of claim 84, wherein the biological entity comprises blood.
  - 119. The article of manufacture of claim 84, wherein the biological entity comprises a nail bed.

120. An apparatus for manipulating wave data, comprising:
- a receiver that receives wave data reflected from a biological entity;
  
  a data processor that processes the received wave data to correlate the reflected wave data to a substance in the biological entity, the data processor comprising;
  
  a calculator that calculates an amplitude for the reflected waves and that calculates a phase angle for the reflected waves; and
  
  an evaluator that uses the amplitude and the phase angle to identify a glucose level in the biological entity.
- View Dependent Claims (121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130)
- - 121. The apparatus of claim 120, wherein the receiver comprises a monochrome detector array.
  - 122. The apparatus of claim 121, wherein the monochrome detector array comprises a black-and-white CCD camera.
  - 123. The apparatus of claim 120, wherein the receiver comprises a digital camera.
  - 124. The apparatus of claim 120, wherein the apparatus is a handheld portable unit.
  - 125. The apparatus of claim 120, further comprising a monitor that visually displays data.
  - 126. The apparatus of claim 120, wherein the data processor responds to wave data comprising infrared or visible waves.
  - 127. The apparatus of claim 120, wherein the wave is a light wave and the receiver comprises a light wave receiver that receives light waves reflected from an eye and generates a matrix comprised of pixels based on the received light waves;
    - and the data processor integrates the pixels to obtain an integrated value,wherein the evaluator correlates the integrated value to the glucose level.
  - 128. The apparatus of claim 120, further comprising a counter for limiting use of the data processor to a specified period of time.
  - 129. The apparatus of claim 120, further comprising a counter for limiting use of the data processor to a specified number of uses.
  - 130. The apparatus of claim 120, wherein the correlation yields a concentration of the substance.

131. An apparatus for manipulating wave data, comprising:
- means for receiving wave data reflected from a biological entity;
  
  means for correlating the reflected wave data to a substance in the biological entity, the correlating means comprising;
  
  means for calculating an amplitude for the reflected wave data;
  
  means for calculating a phase angle for the reflected wave data; and
  
  , means for using the amplitude and the phase angle to identify a glucose level in the biological entity; and
  
  , means for displaying the glucose level on a monitor attached to a computer, wherein the computer is a portable unit.
- View Dependent Claims (132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138)
- - 132. The apparatus of claim 131, wherein the computer is attached to a network of other computers and wherein the reflected wave data is received by the computer and forwarded to another computer in the network for processing.
  - 133. The apparatus of claim 131, further comprising means for forming a matrix of pixels with the received wave data.
  - 134. The apparatus of claim 133, further comprising means for masking a portion of the matrix.
  - 135. The apparatus of claim 133, wherein the means for calculating an amplitude further comprises means for integrating the pixels to obtain an integration value.
  - 136. The apparatus of claim 135, further comprising means for matching the integration value to the glucose level.
  - 137. The apparatus of claim 131, wherein the biological entity comprises an eye having an iris and a pupil and wherein the apparatus further comprises means for calculating an average brightness around the pupil of the eye, and equalizing the iris using the brightness around the pupil as a baseline.
  - 138. The apparatus of claim 131, further comprising means for removing hot spots.

139. An apparatus for manipulating wave data, comprising:
- a computer connected to a wave reflection capture system, a data storage device and a monitor; and
  
  a computer readable medium configured with a wave data analyzer program that, when performed by the computer, causes the computer to;
  
  receive wave data reflected from a biological entity;
  
  correlate the reflected wave data to a glucose level in the biological entity by calculating an amplitude for the reflected wave data, calculating a phase angle for the reflected wave data, and using the amplitude and the phase angle to identify the glucose level; and
  
  , display the glucose level on the monitor.
- View Dependent Claims (140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147)
- - 140. The apparatus of claims 139, wherein the wave reflection capture system is a multi-element detector.
  - 141. The apparatus of claim 139, wherein the computer is attached to a network of other computers and wherein the reflected wave data is received by the computer and forwarded to another computer in the network for processing.
  - 142. The apparatus of claim 139, further comprising a computer readable medium configured with a pixel matrix program that, when performed by the computer, causes the computer to form a matrix of pixels with the received wave data.
  - 143. The apparatus of claim 142, further comprising a computer readable medium configured with a masking program that, when performed by the computer, causes the computer to mask a portion of the matrix.
  - 144. The apparatus of claim 142, wherein calculating the amplitude comprises integrating the pixels to obtain an integration value.
  - 145. The apparatus of claim 144, wherein identifying the glucose level comprises matching the integration value to the glucose level.
  - 146. The apparatus of claim 139, wherein the biological entity comprises an eye having an iris and a pupil and wherein the apparatus further comprising a computer readable medium configured with a brightness program that, when performed by the computer, causes the computer to calculate an average brightness around the pupil of the eye, and equalize the iris by using the brightness around the pupil as a baseline.
  - 147. The apparatus of claim 139, further comprising a computer readable medium configured with a hot spot program that, when performed by the computer, causes the computer to remove hot spots.

148. A method of manipulating wave data, comprising:
- receiving wave data reflected from a biological entity;
  
  forming a matrix of pixels with the received wave data; and
  
  , correlating the reflected wave data to a substance in the biological entity, wherein the correlating step comprises the step of integrating the pixels to obtain an integration value.
- View Dependent Claims (149, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187)
- - 149. The method of claim 148, wherein the wave data comprises light waves.
  - 151. The method of claim 149, further comprising applying a filter to the reflected light waves.
  - 152. The method of claim 148, wherein the biological entity comprises a human being.
  - 153. The method of claim 148, wherein the biological entity comprises blood.
  - 154. The method of claim 153, wherein the substance comprises glucose molecules in the blood.
  - 155. The method of claim 148, further comprising masking a portion of the matrix.
  - 156. The method of claim 148, wherein the biological entity comprises an eye having an iris and a pupil and further comprising:
    - calculating an average brightness around the pupil of the eye; and
      
      equalizing the iris using the brightness around the pupil as a baseline.
  - 157. The method of claim 148, further comprising removing hot spots.
  - 158. The method of claim 148, further comprising matching the integration value to a glucose level.
  - 159. The method of claim 158, wherein matching comprises using a lookup table.
  - 160. The method of claim 159, wherein the lookup table is calibrated to the biological entity.
  - 161. The method of claim 158, further comprising displaying the glucose level on a monitor attached to a computer.
  - 162. The method of claim 161, wherein the computer is a portable unit that comprises a data processing system and a wave reflection capture system.
  - 163. The method of claim 162, wherein the wave reflection capture system is a CCD camera.
  - 164. The method of claim 162, wherein the wave reflection capture system is a digital camera.
  - 165. The method of claim 161, wherein the computer is attached to a network of other computers.
  - 166. The method of claim 165, wherein the reflected wave data is received by the computer and forwarded to another computer in the network for processing.
  - 167. The method of claim 148, further comprising:
    - calculating an amplitude for the reflected wave data;
      
      calculating a phase angle for the reflected wave data;
      
      using the amplitude and the phase angle, identifying a glucose level in the biological entity.
  - 168. The method of claim 167, wherein the received wave data forms a matrix comprised of pixels.
  - 169. The method of claim 167, wherein the summation of all of the pixels comprises the amplitude.
  - 170. The method of claim 167, wherein calculating the phase angle comprises:
    - calculating an xGRU value;
      
      calculating a yGRU value; and
      
      calculating a ratio of the xGRU value and the yGRU value.
  - 171. The method of claim 170, wherein the ratio is calculated by dividing a larger of the xGRU value and the yGRU value by a smaller of the xGRU value and yGRU value.
  - 172. The method of claim 167, further comprising calculating a true amplitude that comprises subtracting a value based on the phase angle from a summation of the pixels.
  - 173. The method of claim 148, further comprising performing automatic level control.
  - 174. The method of claim 173, where performing automatic level control comprises modifying a value of the pixels to obtain an average desired value.
  - 175. The method of claim 174, wherein the average desired value is 35.
  - 176. The method of claim 148, further comprising performing automatic fine-tuning.
  - 177. The method of claim 148, wherein the biological entity comprises an eye.
  - 178. The method of claim 177, further comprising identifying a center of the eye.
  - 179. The method of claim 177, wherein the eye comprises an iris and a pupil.
  - 180. The method of claim 179, further comprising calculating an average brightness around the pupil of the eye.
  - 181. The method of claim 180, further comprising equalizing the iris using the brightness around the pupil as a baseline.
  - 182. The method of claim 179, further comprising masking the pupil of the eye.
  - 183. The method of claim 148, further comprising removing hot spots.
  - 184. The method of claim 148, wherein the biological entity comprises skin.
  - 185. The method of claim 148, wherein the biological entity comprises a nail bed.
  - 186. The method of claim 148, further comprising calculating a true amplitude.
  - 187. The method of claim 186, wherein the wave data comprises light waves, and calculating the true amplitude comprises subtracting a phase angle from a summation of pixels formed by the light waves.

150. The method of 149, further comprising:
- calculating an amplitude for the reflected light waves;
  
  calculating a phase angle for the reflected light waves; and
  
  , using the amplitude and the phase angle to identify a glucose level in the biological entity.

188. An apparatus for manipulating wave data, comprising:
- a computer connected to a data storage device; and
  
  , a computer program carrier readable by the computer and embodying one or more instructions executable by the computer to perform method steps for manipulating wave data in the computer, the method comprising the steps of;
  
  receiving wave data reflected from a biological entity;
  
  forming a matrix of pixels with the received wave data;
  
  integrating the pixels to obtain an integration value; and
  
  , correlating the integration value to a substance level in the biological entity.
- View Dependent Claims (189, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220)
- - 189. The apparatus of claim 188, wherein the wave data comprises light waves.
  - 190. The apparatus of claim 189, wherein the method steps for manipulating wave data in the computer further comprise the steps of:
    - calculate an amplitude for the reflected light waves;
      
      calculate a phase angle for the reflected light waves; and
      
      use the amplitude and the phase angle to identify the substance level in the biological entity, the substance being glucose.
  - 191. The apparatus of claim 189, wherein the method steps for manipulating wave data in the computer further comprise the step of applying a filter to the reflected light waves.
  - 192. The apparatus of claim 188, wherein the biological entity comprises blood and wherein the substance comprises glucose molecules in the blood.
  - 193. The apparatus of claim 188, wherein the method steps for manipulating wave data in the computer further comprise the step of masking a portion of the matrix.
  - 194. The apparatus of claim 188, wherein the biological entity comprises an eye having an iris and a pupil and wherein the method steps for manipulating wave data in the computer further comprise the steps of:
    - calculating an average brightness around the pupil of the eye; and
      
      equalizing the iris using the brightness around the pupil as a baseline.
  - 195. The apparatus of claim 188, wherein the method steps for manipulating wave data in the computer further comprise the step of removing hot spots.
  - 196. The apparatus of claim 188, wherein the substance is glucose.
  - 197. The apparatus of claim 196, wherein the step of matching comprises the step of using a lookup table.
  - 198. The apparatus of claim 188, wherein the method steps for manipulating wave data in the computer further comprising:
    - calculating an amplitude for the reflected wave data;
      
      calculating a phase angle for the reflected wave data; and
      
      identifying the substance level in the biological entity by using the amplitude and the phase angle, wherein the substance is glucose.
  - 199. The apparatus of claim 198, wherein the method steps for manipulating wave data in the computer further comprise the step of displaying the glucose level on a monitor attached to the computer.
  - 200. The apparatus of claim 198, wherein the amplitude is calculated by summing all of the pixels.
  - 201. The apparatus of claim 198, wherein the step of calculating the phase angle comprises the steps of:
    - summing rows of pixels in the matrix to obtain an xGRU value;
      
      summing columns of pixels in the matrix to obtain a yGRU value; and
      
      calculating a ratio of the xGRU value and the yGRU value.
  - 202. The apparatus of claim 201, wherein the ratio is calculated by dividing a larger of the xGRU value and the yGRU value by a smaller of the xGRU value and yGRU value.
  - 203. The apparatus of claim 188, wherein the method steps for manipulating wave data in the computer further comprise the step of performing automatic level control.
  - 204. The apparatus of claim 203, where the step of performing automatic level control comprises the step of modifying a value of the pixels to obtain an average desired value.
  - 205. The apparatus of claim 204, wherein the average desired value is 35.
  - 206. The apparatus of claim 188, wherein the method steps for manipulating wave data in the computer further comprise the step of performing automatic fine tuning.
  - 207. The apparatus of claim 188, wherein the computer is attached to a network of other computers and wherein the reflected wave data is received by the computer and forwarded to another computer in the network for processing.
  - 208. The apparatus of claim 188, wherein the biological entity is an eye.
  - 209. The apparatus of claim 208, wherein the method steps for manipulating wave data in the computer further comprise the step of identifying a center of the eye.
  - 210. The apparatus of claim 208, wherein the eye comprises an iris and a pupil.
  - 211. The apparatus of claim 210, wherein the method steps for manipulating wave data in the computer further comprise the step of calculating an average brightness around the pupil of the eye.
  - 212. The apparatus of claim 211, wherein the method steps for manipulating wave data in the computer further comprise the step of equalizing the iris using the brightness around the pupil as a baseline.
  - 213. The apparatus of claim 210, wherein the method steps for manipulating wave data in the computer further comprise the step of masking the pupil of the eye.
  - 214. The apparatus of claim 188, wherein the method steps for manipulating wave data in the computer further comprise the step of removing hot spots.
  - 215. The apparatus of claim 188, wherein the biological entity comprises skin.
  - 216. The apparatus of claim 188, wherein the biological entity comprises blood.
  - 217. The apparatus of claim 188, wherein the biological entity comprises a nail bed.
  - 218. The apparatus of claim 188, wherein the method steps for manipulating wave data in the computer further comprise the step of masking a portion of the matrix.
  - 219. The apparatus of claim 188, wherein the method steps for manipulating wave data in the computer further comprise the step of calculating a true amplitude.
  - 220. The apparatus of claim 219, wherein the wave data comprises light waves, and the step of calculating the true amplitude comprises the step of subtracting a phase angle from a summation of pixels formed by the light waves.

221. An article of manufacture comprising a computer program carrier readable by a computer and embodying one or more instructions executable by the computer to perform method steps for manipulating wave data in the computer, the method comprising:
- receiving wave data reflected from a biological entity;
  
  forming a matrix of pixels with the received wave data; and
  
  , correlating the reflected wave data to a substance in the biological entity wherein the correlating step comprises the step of integrating the pixels to obtain an integration value.
- View Dependent Claims (222, 223, 224, 225, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 246, 247, 248, 249, 250, 251, 252, 253)
- - 222. The article of manufacture of claim 221, wherein the wave data comprises light waves.
  - 223. The article of manufacture of claim 222, wherein the substance is glucose, and wherein the method steps further comprise:
    - calculating an amplitude for the reflected light waves;
      
      calculating a phase angle for the reflected light waves; and
      
      using the amplitude and the phase angle to identify a glucose level in the biological entity.
  - 224. The article of manufacture of claim 222, wherein the method steps for manipulating wave data in the computer further comprise the step of applying a filter to the reflected light waves.
  - 225. The article of manufacture of claim 221, wherein the biological entity comprises blood and wherein the substance comprises glucose molecules in the blood.
  - 226. The article of manufacture of claim 221, wherein the method steps for manipulating wave data in the computer further comprise the step of masking a portion of the matrix.
  - 227. The article of manufacture of claim 221, wherein the biological entity comprises an eye having an iris and a pupil, and wherein the method steps for manipulating wave data in the computer further comprise the steps of:
    - calculating an average brightness around the pupil of the eye; and
      
      , equalizing the iris using the brightness around the pupil as a baseline.
  - 228. The article of manufacture of claim 221, wherein the method steps for manipulating wave data in the computer further comprise the step of removing hot spots.
  - 229. The article of manufacture of claim 221, wherein the substance is glucose, and wherein the method steps for manipulating wave data in the computer further comprise the step of matching the integration value to a glucose level.
  - 230. The article of manufacture of claim 229, wherein the step of matching comprises the step of using a lookup table.
  - 231. The article of manufacture of claim 221, wherein the substance is glucose, and wherein the method steps for manipulating wave data in the computer further comprise the step of:
    - calculating an amplitude for the reflected wave data;
      
      calculating a phase angle for the reflected wave data; and
      
      using the amplitude and the phase angle, identifying a glucose level in the biological entity.
  - 232. The article of manufacture of claim 231, wherein the method steps for manipulating wave data in the computer further comprise the step of displaying the glucose level on a monitor attached to the computer.
  - 233. The article of manufacture of claim 232, wherein the computer is attached to a network of other computers and wherein the method steps for manipulating wave data in the computer further comprise the step of forwarding the reflected wave data to another computer in the network for processing.
  - 234. The article of manufacture of claim 231, wherein the amplitude is calculated by summing all of the pixels.
  - 235. The article of manufacture of claim 231, wherein the step of calculating the phase angle comprises the steps of:
    - summing rows of pixels of the matrix to obtain an xGRU value;
      
      summing columns of pixels of the matrix to obtain a yGRU value; and
      
      , calculating a ratio of the xGRU value and the yGRU value.
  - 236. The article of manufacture of claim 235, wherein the ratio is calculated by dividing a larger of the xGRU value and the yGRU value by a smaller of the xGRU value and yGRU value.
  - 237. The article of manufacture of claim 221, wherein the method steps for manipulating wave data in the computer further comprise the step of performing automatic level control.
  - 238. The article of manufacture of claim 237, where the step of performing automatic level control comprises the step of modifying the value of the pixels to obtain an average desired value.
  - 239. The article of manufacture of claim 238, wherein the average desired value is 35.
  - 240. The article of manufacture of claim 221, wherein the method steps for manipulating wave data in the computer further comprise the step of performing automatic fine tuning.
  - 241. The article of manufacture of claim 221, wherein the biological entity is an eye.
  - 242. The article of manufacture of claim 241, wherein the method steps for manipulating wave data in the computer further comprise the step of identifying a center of the eye.
  - 243. The article of manufacture of claim 241, wherein the eye comprises an iris and a pupil.
  - 244. The article of manufacture of claim 243, wherein the method steps for manipulating wave data in the computer further comprise the step of calculating an average brightness around the pupil of the eye.
  - 245. The article of manufacture of claim 244, wherein the method steps for manipulating wave data in the computer further comprise the step of equalizing the iris using the brightness around the pupil as a baseline.
  - 246. The article of manufacture of claim 243, wherein the method steps for manipulating wave data in the computer further comprise the step of masking the pupil of she eye.
  - 247. The article of manufacture of claim 221, wherein the method steps for manipulating wave data in the computer further comprise the step of removing hot spots.
  - 248. The article of manufacture of claim 221, wherein the biological entity comprises skin.
  - 249. The article of manufacture of claim 221, wherein the biological entity comprises blood.
  - 250. The article of manufacture of claim 221, wherein the biological entity comprises a nail bed.
  - 251. The article of manufacture of claim 221, wherein the method steps for manipulating wave data in the computer further comprise the step of masking a portion of the matrix.
  - 252. The article of manufacture of claim 221, wherein the method steps for manipulating wave data in the computer further comprise the step of calculating a true amplitude.
  - 253. The article of manufacture of claim 252, wherein the wave data comprises light waves, and the step of calculating the true amplitude comprises the step of subtracting a phase angle from a summation of pixels formed by the light waves.

254. An apparatus for manipulating wave data, comprising:
- a receiver that receives light waves reflected from a biological entity having an eye, and that generates a matrix of pixels based on the received light waves;
  
  a data processor that processes and correlates the received light waves to a glucose level in the biological entity, the data processor comprising;
  
  an adder that integrates the pixels to obtain an integrated value; and
  
  , an evaluator that correlates the integrated value to the glucose level.
- View Dependent Claims (255, 256, 257, 258, 259, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265)
- - 255. The apparatus of claim 254, wherein the receiver comprises a monochrome detector array.
  - 256. The apparatus of claim 255, wherein the monochrome detector array comprises a black-and-white CCD camera.
  - 257. The apparatus of claim 254, wherein the receiver comprises a digital camera.
  - 258. The apparatus of claim 254, wherein the apparatus is a handheld portable unit.
  - 259. The apparatus of claim 254, further comprising a monitor that visually displays data.
  - 260. The apparatus of claim 254, wherein the data processor responds to light waves comprising infrared or visible waves.
  - 261. The apparatus of claim 254, wherein the data processor further comprises a calculator that calculates an amplitude for the reflected light waves and that calculates a phase angle for the reflected light waves, wherein the evaluator uses the amplitude and the phase angle to identify the glucose level in the biological entity.
  - 262. The apparatus of claim 254, wherein the data processor is attached to a network of computers and wherein the reflected light waves are received by the receiver and forwarded to a computer in the network for processing.
  - 263. The apparatus of claim 254, further comprising a counter for limiting use of the data processor to a specified period of time.
  - 264. The apparatus of claim 254, further comprising a counter for limiting use of the data processor to a specified number of uses.
  - 265. The apparatus of claim 254, wherein the correlation yields a concentration of the substance.

266. An apparatus for manipulating wave data, comprising:
- means for receiving wave data reflected from a biological entity;
  
  means for forming a matrix of pixels with the received wave data;
  
  means for correlating the reflected wave data to a glucose level in the biological entity, the correlating means comprising means for integrating he pixels to obtain an integration value; and
  
  , means for displaying the glucose level on a monitor attached to a computer, wherein the computer is a portable unit.
- View Dependent Claims (267, 268, 269, 270, 271, 272)
- - 267. The apparatus of claim 266, wherein the computer is attached to a network of other computers and wherein the reflected wave data is received by the computer and forwarded to another computer in the network for processing.
  - 268. The apparatus of claim 266, further comprising means for masking a portion of the matrix.
  - 269. The apparatus of claim 266, wherein the biological entity comprises an eye having an iris and a pupil and wherein the apparatus further comprises means for calculating an average brightness around the pupil of the eye, and equalizing the iris using the brightness around the pupil as a baseline.
  - 270. The apparatus of claim 266, further comprising means for removing hot spots.
  - 271. The apparatus of claim 266, further comprising means for matching the integration value to the glucose level.
  - 272. The apparatus of claim 266, further comprising:
    - means for calculating an amplitude for the reflected wave data;
      
      means for calculating a phase angle for the reflected wave data; and
      
      , means for using the amplitude and the phase angle to identify the glucose level in the biological entity.

273. An apparatus for manipulating wave data, comprising:
- a computer connected to a wave reflection capture system, a data storage device and a monitor; and
  
  , a computer readable medium configured with a wave data analyzer program that, when performed by the computer, causes the computer to;
  
  receive wave data reflected from a biological entity;
  
  form a matrix of pixels with the received wave data;
  
  correlate the reflected wave data to a substance in the biological entity by integrating the pixels to obtain an integration value; and
  
  , display a substance level on the monitor.
- View Dependent Claims (274, 275, 276, 277, 278, 279, 280)
- - 274. The apparatus of claim 273, wherein the wave reflection capture system is a multi-element detector.
  - 275. The apparatus of claim 273, wherein the computer is attached to a network of other computers and wherein the reflected wave data is received by the computer and forwarded to another computer in the network for processing.
  - 276. The apparatus of claim 273, further comprising a computer readable medium configured with a masking program that, when performed by the computer, causes the computer to mask a portion of the matrix.
  - 277. The apparatus of claim 273, wherein the biological entity comprises an eye having an iris and a pupil and wherein the apparatus further comprising a computer readable medium configured with a brightness program that, when performed by the computer, causes the computer to calculate an average brightness around the pupil of the eye, and equalize the iris by using the brightness around the pupil as a baseline.
  - 278. The apparatus of claim 273, further comprising a computer readable medium configured with a hot spot program that, when performed by the computer, causes the computer to remove hot spots.
  - 279. The apparatus of claim 273, further comprising a computer readable medium configured with a matching program that, when performed by the computer, causes the computer to match the integration value to the substance level.
  - 280. The apparatus of claim 273, further comprising a calculation program, performed by the computer, that calculates an amplitude for the reflected wave data, calculates a phase angle for the reflected wave data, and uses the amplitude and the phase angle to identify the substance level in the biological entity.

281. A method of manipulating wave data, comprising:
- receiving wave data reflected from a biological entity, wherein the biological entity comprises an eye having an iris and a pupil; and
  
  , correlating the reflected wave data to a substance in the biological entity, wherein the correlating step comprises the steps of;
  
  calculating an average brightness around the pupil of the eye; and
  
  , equalizing the iris using the brightness around the pupil as a baseline.

282. An apparatus for manipulating wave data, comprising:
- a computer connected to a data storage device; and
  
  , a computer program carrier readable by the computer and embodying one or more instructions executable by the computer to perform method steps for manipulating wave data in the computer, the method comprising the steps of;
  
  receiving wave data reflected from a biological entity, wherein the biological entity comprises an eye having an iris and a pupil; and
  
  , correlating the reflected wave data to a substance level in the biological entity, wherein the correlating step comprises the steps of;
  
  calculating an average brightness around the pupil of the eye; and
  
  , equalizing the iris using the brightness around the pupil as a baseline.

283. An article of manufacture comprising a computer program carrier readable by a computer and embodying one or more instructions executable by the computer to perform method steps for manipulating wave data in the computer, the method comprising:
- receiving wave data reflected from a biological entity, wherein the biological entity comprises an eye having an iris and a pupil; and
  
  , correlating the reflected wave data to a substance in the biological entity, wherein the correlating step comprises the steps of;
  
  calculating an average brightness around the pupil of the eye; and
  
  , equalizing the iris using the brightness around the pupil as a baseline.

284. An apparatus for manipulating wave data, comprising:
- means for receiving wave data reflected from a biological entity, wherein the biological entity comprises an eye having an iris and pupil;
  
  means for correlating the reflected wave data to a substance in the biological entity, the correlating means comprising means for calculating an average brightness around the pupil of the eye, and equalizing the iris using the brightness around the pupil as a baseline; and
  
  , means for displaying a glucose level on a monitor attached to a computer, wherein the computer is a portable unit.

285. An apparatus for manipulating wave data, comprising:
- a computer connected to a wave reflection capture system, a data storage device and a monitor; and
  
  a computer readable medium configured with a wave data analyzer program that, when performed by the computer, causes the computer to;
  
  receive wave data reflected from a biological entity, wherein the biological entity comprises an eye having an iris and pupil;
  
  correlate the reflected wave data to a glucose level in the biological entity by calculating an average brightness around the pupil of the eye, and equalizing the iris using the brightness around the pupil as a baseline; and
  
  , display the glucose level on the monitor.

Specification

Resources

Litigation Campaign Assessment

Current Assignee
STI Medical Systems LLC
Original Assignee
Q Step Technologies, LLC
Inventors
Proniewicz, Walter K., Winther, Dale E.
Primary Examiner(s)
WINAKUR, ERIC FRANK

Application Number

US09/489,593
Time in Patent Office

1,845 Days
Field of Search

600/310, 600/316, 600/318, 600/319, 600/320, 600/322, 600/323, 600/340, 600/473, 600/476, 382128-134
US Class Current

600/319
CPC Class Codes

A61B 3/10   Objective types, i.e. instr...

A61B 5/0013   Medical image data A61B1/00...

A61B 5/14532   for measuring glucose, e.g....

A61B 5/1455   using optical sensors, e.g....

Noninvasive measurement system

First Claim

4 Assignments

0 Petitions

Accused Products

Abstract

335 Citations

285 Claims

Specification

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Noninvasive measurement system

First Claim

4 Assignments

Subscription Required

Subscription Required

0 Petitions

Subscription Required

Accused Products

Subscription Required

Abstract

335 Citations

285 Claims

Specification

Subscription Required

Solutions

Use Cases

Quick Links