Tunable controlled laser array

• US 6,914,916 B2
• Filed: 10/30/2001
• Issued: 07/05/2005
• Est. Priority Date: 10/30/2000
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: NeoPhotonics Corporation (Lumentum Holdings Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Santur Corporation (Lumentum Holdings Inc.)
• Inventors: Vail, Ed, Heanue, John, Pezeshki, Bardia
• Primary Examiner(s): Harvey, Minsun Oh
• Assistant Examiner(s): Nguyen, Phillip
• Application Number:
  US10/000,142
• Publication Number:
  US 20020085594A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,344 Days
• Field of Search: 372/6, 372/9, 372 14- 20, 372/23
• US Class Current: 372/15
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 26/00 Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements control of light by modification of the optical properties of the media of the elements involved therein G02F1/00
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 26/0816 by means of one or more reflecting elements
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 26/0833 the reflecting element being a micromechanical device, e.g. a MEMS mirror, DMD G02B26/0825 takes precedence; micromechanical devices in general B81B
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 26/0841 the reflecting element being moved or deformed by electrostatic means
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 26/085 the reflecting means being moved or deformed by electromagnetic means
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 26/0858 the reflecting means being moved or deformed by piezoelectric means
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 26/0866 the reflecting means being moved or deformed by thermal means
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/32 having lens focusing means positioned between opposed fibre ends with lens being an integral part of the single fibre end G02B6/262
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/4225 by a direct measurement of the degree of coupling, e.g. the amount of light power coupled to the fibre or the opto-electronic element
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/4234 Passive alignment along the optical axis and active alignment perpendicular to the optical axis
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/4249 comprising arrays of active devices and fibres
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 5/005 Optical components external to the laser cavity, specially adapted therefor, e.g. for homogenisation or merging of the beams or for manipulating laser pulses, e.g. pulse shaping H01S5/026, H01S5/18388 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 5/02251 using optical fibres
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 5/1215 Multiplicity of periods
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 5/4031 Edge-emitting structures
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 5/4087 emitting more than one wavelength

Abstract

A semiconductor laser capable of emitting in any one of standard communication wavelengths is of great practical value. To this end, a single semiconductor chip is fabricated on which many different distributed feedback (DFB) lasers are integrated. The device parameters of the different DFB lasers are varied such that each laser emits at a different wavelength. In addition a micro-mechanical optical element is packaged with the laser array, such that the position of the optical element controls which laser stripe is coupled to the output fiber. The micro-mechanical element or switch in various embodiments is a sliding waveguide, a movable lens, or a mirror that tilts. By selecting the particular DFB laser, controlling the temperature to fine tune the wavelength, and adjusting the position of the micro-mechanical optical element, the output wavelength is set to one of many communication wavelengths.

Claims

1. An optical transmission apparatus comprising:

an array of lasers;

an optical output;

an array of mirrors, each mirror being movable such that light from a laser from the array of lasers directed to a mirror of the array of mirrors is directed to the optical output;

comprising an array of positioning elements, each positioning element coupled to a corresponding mirror of the array of mirrors

wherein each positioning element is configured to move the corresponding mirror from a first position to a second position and from the second position to the first position; and

wherein the positioning element comprises an actuator and a spring.

2. The optical transmission apparatus of claim 1 wherein a mirror in the second position directs light from a laser to the optical output.

3. The optical transmission apparatus of claim 2 wherein only one mirror of the array of mirrors is in the second position when light is directed to the optical output.

4. The optical transmission apparatus of claim 3 wherein a mirror in the first position does not direct light to the optical output.

5. The optical transmission apparatus of claim 1 wherein each spring is configured to move a mirror from a first position to a second position and each actuator is configured to move the mirror from the second position to the first position.

6. The optical transmission apparatus of claim 5 wherein the mirror in the second position directs light from a laser to the optical output.

7. The optical transmission apparatus of claim 6 wherein only one mirror of the array of mirrors is in the second position when light is directed to the optical output.

8. The optical transmission apparatus of claim 6 wherein a mirror in the first position does not direct light to the optical element.

9. An optical transmission apparatus comprising:

an array of single wavelength lasers on a semiconductor substrate, each laser emitting light at a specific wavelength as determined by dimensional variables of each laser;

a lens collimating light from a laser in the array of lasers;

an optical output; and

a moveabe mirror, the mirror not a diffractive grating, the mirror being moveable to receive the light collimated by the lens from any of a plurality of lasers in the array of lasers, the mirror reflecting the light back to the lens, which passes the light to the optical output.

10. The optical transmission apparatus of claim 9 wherein the mirror is movable about an axis perpendicular to the array of lasers.

11. The optical transmission apparatus of claim 10 wherein the lens is fixed.

12. The optical transmission apparatus of claim 9 wherein the optical output comprises a fiber.

13. The optical transmission apparatus of claim 9 wherein the optical output is adjacent the array of lasers.

14. The optical transmission apparatus of claim 9 wherein the array of lasers has an emitting end from which light is emitted and the optical output has a receiving end in which reflected light is directed into, such that the receiving end of the optical output and the emitting end of the array of lasers face in substantially the same direction.

15. An optical transmission apparatus comprising:

an array of single wavelength lasers on a semiconductor substrate, each laser emitting light at a specific wavelength as determined by dimensional variables, of each laser;

an optical output; and

a mirror, the mirror not a diffractive grating, moveable to reflect light at normal incidence from any one of a plurality of lasers in the array of lasers to the optical output.

16. The optical transmission apparatus of claim 15 wherein the mirror is movable about an axis perpendicular to the array of lasers.

17. The optical transmission apparatus of claim 15 wherein the optical output comprises a fiber.

18. The optical transmission apparatus of claim 17 further comprising a lens directing light into the fiber.

19. The optical transmission apparatus of claim 17 wherein the optical output is adjacent the array of lasers.

20. The optical transmission apparatus of claim 18 wherein the array of lasers has an emitting end from which light is emitted and the fiber has a receiving end in which reflected light is directed into, such that the receiving end of the fiber and the emitting end of the array of lasers both face in substantially the first direction.

21. An optical transmission apparatus comprising:

an array of lasers;

an optical output path for receiving light from a laser in the array of lasers; and

a moveable optical element with a portion of volume in the optical element evacuated to form a first reflective surface and a second reflective surface, the optical element moveable to reflect light from any one of a plurality of lasers in the array of lasers from the first reflective surface to the second reflective surface to the optical output path; and

wherein the optical element is moveable in a direction substantially perpendicular to the array of lasers.

22. The optical transmission apparatus of claim 21 further comprising a focusing lens, the focusing lens directing light to an optical output in the optical output path.

23. The optical transmission apparatus of claim 22 wherein the optical output is a fiber.

24. The optical transmission apparatus of claim 23 wherein the optical element is translatable in a direction substantially perpendicular to the fiber.

25. The optical transmission apparatus of claim 24 wherein the number of lasers in the array of lasers is proportional to lengths of the first and second reflective surfaces.

26. The optical transmission apparatus of claim 24 wherein the first and second reflective surfaces each have a length that is proportional to length of the array of lasers.

27. The optical transmission apparatus of claim 26 wherein the optical element is rotatable around an axis in which the optical element translates.

32. The optical transmission apparatus of claim 21 wherein the optical element comprises a prism.

28. An optical transmission apparatus comprising:

an array of lasers;

a focusing lens;

a moveable platform;

a first mirror and a second mirror coupled to the movable platform, the first and second mirror being separated and angled in opposite directions relative to each other, such that the first mirror reflects light from at least one laser from the array of lasers to the second mirror that reflects light to a focusing lens;

wherein the first mirror is translatable in a first direction; and

wherein the first direction is substantially perpendicular to the array of lasers.

29. The optical transmission apparatus of claim 28 wherein the second mirror is translatable in a first direction.

30. The optical transmission apparatus of claim 29 wherein the first direction is substantially perpendicular to the array of lasers.

31. An optical transmission apparatus comprising:

an array of lasers;

an array of lenses, each lens in the array of lenses corresponding to each laser in the array of lasers, and collimating light from the corresponding laser;

a lens focusing light reflected by the second mirror into an optical output; and

first mirror and a second mirror, the first mirror having a fixed position relative to the array of lasers and receiving collimated light from the array of lasers, the second mirror moveable to couple light reflected by the first mirror to the lens, with two opposite sloped sides, such that one mirror reflects light from at least one laser from the array of lasers to the other mirror that reflects light to the lens.

33. The optical transmission apparatus of claim 31 wherein the mirrors are sloped in opposite directions of each other.

34. An optical transmission apparatus, comprising:

an array of single wavelength lasers on a semiconductor substrate, each laser emitting light at a specific wavelength as determined by a grating fabricated within each laser;

a lens positioned to focus an optical beam from the array of lasers;

an optical element moveable to receive the focused optical beam from one of the array of lasers and to direct the focused optical beam into an optical output path; and

wherein the optical element is a moveable mirror, the lens has a back focal plane, and the mirror is disposed in the back focal plane of the lens.

35. The optical transmission apparatus of claim 34, wherein an optical axis of the focused beam of light is substantially parallel to an optical axis of the optical output path.