Mirror assemblies incorporating variable index of refraction materials

• US 6,927,894 B2
• Filed: 05/22/2002
• Issued: 08/09/2005
• Est. Priority Date: 05/23/2001
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: E-Vision Optics LLC
• Original Assignee: e-Vision, LLC (New Smart Optics, Inc.)
• Inventors: Blum, Ronald D., Duston, Dwight P., Kokonaski, William, Katzman, Youval
• Primary Examiner(s): Epps, Georgia
• Assistant Examiner(s): HASAN, MOHAMMED A
• Application Number:
  US10/152,034
• Publication Number:
  US 20030007240A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,175 Days
• Field of Search: 359/319, 359/846, 359/862, 359/863, 359/851, 359/877, 359/315, 359/316, 359/318, 359/843, 359/602, 359/868, 359/872, 349/57, 349/113, 349/195, 349/200, 701 1- 40, 701/96, 701/70
• US Class Current: 359/319
• CPC Class Codes: B60R 1/08 involving special optical features, e.g. avoiding blind spots , e.g. convex mirrors; Side-by-side associations of rear-view and other mirrors B60R1/025, B60R1/10 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: B60R 1/088 using a cell of electrically changeable optical characteristic, e.g. liquid-crystal or electrochromic mirrors
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 17/0694 with variable magnification or multiple imaging planes, including multispectral systems systems with only refractive elements G02B15/14
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 26/0825 the reflecting element being a flexible sheet or membrane, e.g. for varying the focus flexible mirrors for cosmetic use A45D42/24
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 27/0025 for optical correction, e.g. distorsion, aberration
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 27/017 Head mounted
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/133371 Cells with varying thickness of the liquid crystal layer
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/133553 Reflecting elements associated to illuminating devices G02F1/133605
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/134309 characterised by their geometrical arrangement
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/29 for the control of the position or the direction of light beams, i.e. deflection
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/292 by controlled diffraction or phased-array beam steering controlled diffraction for optical switching G02F1/31

Abstract

A mirror assembly including an active lens and a reflective surface. The mirror assembly may change its refractive index when a voltage is applied to the active lens, thereby changing the field of view in the lens. Exemplary applications include a blind spot system in a motor vehicle, in which, upon sensing another vehicle in a driver'"'"'s blind spot, the mirror assembly changes the driver'"'"'s field of view to include the blind spot. Additional applications include a magnifying mirror for shaving or applying cosmetics.

Claims

1. A focusing mirror assembly comprising:

a non-opaque variable index material alterable between at least two different indices of refraction, wherein the index of refraction of the variable index material is altered when the variable index material is exposed to an electrical stimulus;

at least one activation layer in communication with the variable index material comprising the electrical stimulus as individually addressable regions; and

a mirror in optical communication with the variable index material, the mirror positioned to reflect radiation waves passing through the non-opaque variable index material.

2. The mirror assembly of claim 1 wherein the non-opaque variable index material is configured to focus radiation waves passing through the non-opaque variable index material.

3. A focusing mirror assembly comprising:

a non-opaque variable index material alterable between at least two different indices of refraction;

at least one activation layer, the activation layer in communication with the variable index material, the activation layer containing individually addressable regions; and

a mirror in optical communication with the variable index material, the mirror positioned to reflect radiation waves passing through the non-opaque variable index material.

4. The focusing mirror assembly of claim 3 wherein the individually addressable regions are activated by activation voltages.

5. The focusing mirror assembly of claim 4 wherein the index of refraction of the variable index material associated with an individually addressable region of the plurality of individually addressable regions varies with the magnitude of the applied activation voltage.

6. The focusing mirror assembly of claim 3 wherein the individually addressable regions form concentric loops.

7. The focusing mirror assembly of claim 3 wherein the individually addressable regions form an array of pixelated regions.

8. The focusing mirror assembly of claim 3 wherein the individually addressable regions are hexagonally shaped.

9. The focusing mirror assembly of claim 3 wherein a contained filament or heating layer is activated to generate thermal energy.

10. The focusing mirror assembly of claim 3 wherein the activation layer is located within an optically transmissive container.

11. The mirror assembly of claim 3 wherein the non-opaque variable index material is configured to focus radiation waves passing through non-opaque variable index material.

12. A mirror assembly comprising:

a non-opaque variable index material alterable between at least two different indices of refraction;

at least one activation layer in communication with the variable index material, the activation layer containing individually addressable regions; and

a mirror in optical communication with the variable index material, the mirror positioned to reflect radiation waves passing through the non-opaque variable index material,

wherein the variable index material is at least partially located within an optically transmissive container,

wherein the optically transmissive container defines a void containing at least part of the variable index material,

wherein the void in the optically transmissive container forms the shape of a lens.

13. The mirror assembly of claim 12 wherein the non-opaque variable index material is configured to focus radiation waves passing through the non-opaque variabl index material.

14. A mirror assembly comprising:

a non-opaque variable index material alterable between at least two indices of refraction; and

a mirror in optical communication with the variable index material, the mirror positioned to reflect radiation waves passing through the non-opaque variable index material,

wherein the variable index material is at least partially located within an optically transmissive container,

wherein the optically transmissive container defines a void containing at least part of the variable index material,

wherein a surface of the void in the optically transmissive container defines a patterned cross-sectional profile.

15. The mirror assembly of claim 14 wherein the patterned cross-sectional profile forms a Fresnel lens.

16. The mirror assembly of claim 14 wherein the non-opaque variable index material is configured to focus radiation waves passing through the non-opaque variable index material.

17. A mirror assembly comprising:

a non-opaque variable index material alterable between at least two different indices of refraction;

at least one activation layer in communication with the variable index material, the activation layer containing individually addressable regions; and

a mirror in optical communication with the variable index material, the mirror positioned to reflect radiation waves passing through the non-opaque variable index material,

wherein the variable index material is at least partially located within an optically transmissive container,

wherein an outside surface of the optically transmissive container defines a concave or convex surface.

18. The mirror assembly of claim 17 wherein the non-opaque variable index material is configured to focus radiation waves passing through the non-opaque variable index material.

19. A mirror assembly comprising:

a non-opaque variable index material alterable between at least two different indices of refraction;

a diffractive pattern layer, the diffractive pattern layer in optical communication with the variable index material; and

a mirror in optical communication with the variable index material, the mirror positioned to reflect radiation waves passing through the non-opaque variable index material.

20. The mirror assembly of claim 19 wherein the non-opaque variable index material is configured to focus radiation waves passing through the non-opaque variable index material.

21. A mirror system comprising:

an optically transmissive container;

a variable index material in optical communication with the optically transmissive container, the variable index material alterable between at least two different indices of refraction;

a mirror in optical communication with the variable index material;

a controller, the controller infuencing the index of refraction of the variable index naterial, the controller controlling individually addressable regions of the variable index material; and

a sensor, in communication with the controller, the controller adapted to influence the index of refraction of the variable index material in response to signals received from the sensor.

22. The mirror system of claim 21, wherein the sensor is calibrated to detect the location of a nearby motor vehicle.

23. The mirror system of claim 21 wherein the controller is adapted to generat a signal to modify the index of refraction of the variable index material to be greater than the index of refraction of the optically transmissive container when it receives a signal from the sensor indicating the detection of a nearby motor vehicle.

24. The mirror system of claim 21 wherein the controller is located within a carrier motor vehicle and wherein the controller is adapted to adjust the sensing range of sensor using a characteristic of a driver of the carrier motor vehicle.

25. The mirror system of claim 24 wherein the characteristic of the driver includes one of the driver'"'"'s height of eye, the driver'"'"'s seat position, and the driver'"'"'s mirror setting.

26. The mirror system of claim 21 wherein the the controller is located within a carrier motor vehicle and wherein the controller is adapted to adjust the calibration of the sensor based upon the speed of the carrier motor vehicle.

27. The mirror system of claim 21 wherein the sensor is in communication with a turning indicator of the carrier motor vehicle.

28. The mirror system of claim 21 wherein the sensor is in communication with the steering wheel of the carrier motor vehicle.

29. The mirror system of claim 21 wherein the sensor is positioned to detect the location of an individual.

30. The mirror system of claim 21 wherein the variable index material is configured to focus radiation waves reflected off of the mirror.

31. A mirror system comprising:

an optically transmissive container;

a variable index material in optical communication with the optically transmissive container, the variable index material alterable between at least two different indices of refraction;

a mirror in optical communication with the variable index material;

a controller, the controller influencing the index of refraction of the variable index material; and

a sound generator, the sound generator in communication with the controller.

32. The mirror system of claim 31 wherein the controller is adapted to activate the sound generator when the controller receives a signal from the sensor regarding the location of a near motor vehicle.

33. The mirror system of claim 31 wherein the variable index material is configured to focus radiation waves reflected off of the mirror.

34. A mirror system comprising:

an optically transmissive container;

a variable index material in optical communication with the optically transmissive container, the variable index material alterable between at least two different indices of refraction;

a mirror in optical communication with the variable index material;

a controller, the controller influencing the index of refraction of the variable index material; and

a warning light in communication with the controller.

35. The mirror system of claim 34 wherein the controller is adapted to activate the warning light when the controller receives a signal from the sensor regarding the location of a nearby motor vehicle.

36. The mirror system of claim 35 wherein control signals generated by the controller may be overridden by a manual override.

37. The mirror system of claim 34 wherein the variable index material is configured to focus radiation waves reflected off of the mirror.

38. A method of modifying the reflective properties of a mirror assembly comprising:

sensing the presence of an object;

generating a signal;

exposing a material to an electromagnetic field in order to modify the material'"'"'s index of refraction;

sensing the position of a driver of a carrier motor vehicle; and

sensing the speed of the carrier motor vehicle.

39. The method of claim 38 wherein the material is configured to focus radiation waves reflected off of the mirror.

40. A mirror assembly comprising:

a non-opaque variable index material alterable between at least two different indices of refraction, wherein the index of refraction of the variable index material is altered when the variable index material is exposed to an electrical stimulus;

at least one activation layer in communication with the variable index material, the activation layer comprising the electrical stimulus as individually addressable regions; and

a mirror in optical communication with the variable index material,

the mirror positioned to reflect radiation waves passing through the non-opaque variable index material,

the radiation waves, traveling from the non-opaque variable index material towards the mirror, traveling that distance without passing through a polarization device.

41. The mirror assembly of claim 40 wherein the radiation waves reflected off of the mirror and traveling towards the non-opaque variable index device travel that distance without passing through a polarization device.

42. The mirror assembly of claim 40 wherein the individually addressable regions are activated by activation voltages.

43. The mirror assembly of claim 42 wherein the index of refraction of the variable index material associated with an individually addressable region of the plurality of individually addressable regions varies with the magnitude of the applied activation voltage.

44. The mirror assembly of claim 40 wherein the individually addressable regions form concentric loops.

45. The mirror assembly of claim 40 wherein the individually addressable regions form an array of pixelated regions.

46. The mirror assembly of claim 40 wherein the individually addressable regions are hexagonally shaped.

47. The mirror assembly of claim 40 further comprising a heating layer in communication with the variable index material.

48. The mirror assembly of claim 40 wherein the activation layer is located within an optically transmissive container.

49. A method of modifying the refractive properties of a focusing mirror assembly comprising:

generating a signal at a sensor;

exposing a material to an electromagnetic field in order to modify the material'"'"'s index of refraction in individually addressable regions of the material in response to the signal; and

altering the pathway of a lightwave moving through the mirror assembly.

50. The method of claim 49 further comprising:

controlling the strength of the electromagnetic field in the individually addressable regions.