Conjugate addition reactions for the controlled delivery of pharmaceutically active compounds

• US 6,958,212 B1
• Filed: 06/02/2000
• Issued: 10/25/2005
• Est. Priority Date: 02/01/1999
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: ETH Zurich, Universität Zürich
• Original Assignee: ETH Zurich, Univesitat Zurich
• Inventors: Schoenmakers, Ronald, Hubbell, Jeffrey A., Elbert, Donald
• Primary Examiner(s): Riley, Jezia
• Application Number:
  US09/586,937
• Time in Patent Office: 1,971 Days
• Field of Search: 435/6, 435/188, 536/24.1, 424/94.3, 424/177, 424/180, 424/181
• US Class Current: 424/78.17
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 47/60 the organic macromolecular compound being a polyoxyalkylene oligomer, polymer or dendrimer, e.g. PEG, PPG, PEO or polyglycerol
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 47/6903 the form being semi-solid, e.g. an ointment, a gel, a hydrogel or a solidifying gel
• CPC Class Codes: A61L 27/52 Hydrogels or hydrocolloids
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 17/02 for treating wounds, ulcers, burns, scars, keloids, or the like
• CPC Class Codes: C07H 21/04 with deoxyribosyl as saccharide radical
• CPC Class Codes: C08G 65/329 with organic compounds
• CPC Class Codes: C08G 65/3322 acyclic
• CPC Class Codes: C12N 2501/585 Integrins
• CPC Class Codes: C12N 2533/30 Synthetic polymers thermoreactive polymers, e.g. PNIPAm, C12N2539/10
• CPC Class Codes: C12N 5/0068 General culture methods using substrates for specific animal cell type C12N5/06

Abstract

The invention features polymeric biomaterials formed by nucleophilic addition reactions to conjugated unsaturated groups. These biomaterials may be used for medical treatments.

Claims

1. A biomaterial formed from the cross-linking of two or more precursor components, wherein at least one of said precursor components has the formula:

D—

Y—

C(O)—

(CH₂)_n—

S—

(CH₂)₂—

CO—

X—

P,

D—

Y—

C(O)—

(CH₂)_n—

NH—

(CH₂)₂—

CO—

X—

P,

D—

Y—

C(O)—

(CH₂)_n—

NH—

U—

P,

D—

Y—

(O)—

CH_2n—

S—

U—

P,

D—

Y—

C(O)—

(CH₂)₂—

S—

L—

S—

CH₂—

CH₂—

CO—

X—

P,

D—

Y—

C(O)—

CH₂)₂—

S—

L—

S—

U—

P,

D—

Y—

C(O)—

CH₂)₂—

NH—

L—

S—

CH₂—

CH₂—

CO—

X—

P,

D—

Y—

C(O)—

(CH₂)₂—

NH—

L—

S—

U—

P,

D—

Y—

C(O)—

(CH₂)₂—

S—

L—

NH—

CH₂—

CH₂—

CO—

X—

P,

D—

Y—

C(O)—

CH₂)₂—

S—

L—

NH—

U—

P,

D—

Y—

C(O)—

(CH₂)₂—

NH—

L—

NH—

CH₂—

CH₂—

CO—

X—

P, or

D—

Y—

C(O)—

(CH₂)₂—

NH—

L—

NH—

U—

P,

wherein D is a pharmaceutically active moiety;

n is 1 or 2;

is O, NH, or N;

L is a linear or branched linker;

X is O or N;

P is a water-soluble polymer comprising one or more conjugated unsaturated groups or a water-swellable polymer comprising one or more conjugated unsaturated groups; and

L is the product of the addition of a nucleophilc to an electrophilic group that is attached to said polymer.

2. The biomaterial of claim 1, wherein said cross-linking occurs in the presence of a polymer that does not contain a pharmaceutically active moiety, said polymer comprising two or more conjugated unsaturated groups, wherein said polymer is incorporated into said biomaterial.

3. The biomaterial of claim 1, wherein said cross-linking occurs in the presence of a polymer comprising two or more nucleophilic groups.

4. The biomaterial of claim 1, wherein said water-soluble or water-swellable polymer is selected from the group consisting of poly(ethylene glycol), poly(ethylene oxide), poly(vinyl alcohol), poly(acrylic acid), poly(ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol), poly(vinyl pyrrolidone), poly(acrylic acid), poly(ethyloxazoline), poly(ethylene oxide-co-poly(propylene oxide) block copolymers, or water-soluble or water-swellable copolymers comprising these polymers, and their derivatives comprising conjugated unsaturated groups.

5. The biomaterial of claim 1, wherein said conjugated unsaturated activated as to undergo nucleophilic substitution reactions.

6. The biomaterial of claim 1, wherein said conjugated unsaturated group are selected from the group consisting of acrylates, methacrylates, acrylamides, methacrylamides, acrylonitriles, and quinones.

7. The biomaterial of claim 1, wherein said crosslinking occurs in the presence of a molecule comprising an adhesion site growth factor binding site, protease binding site or enzymatically degradable site, and further comprises at least one strong nucleophile or a conjugated unsaturated group.

8. The biomaterial of claim 3, wherein said nucleophilic groups are selected from the group consisting of thiols and amines.

13. The biomaterial of claim 1, wherein said pharmaceutically active moiety is derived from one of the group consisting of synthetic organic molecules, naturally occurring organic molecules, nucleic acid molecules, biosynthetic proteins or peptides, naturally occurring peptides or proteins, and modified naturally occurring peptides or protein.

14. The biomaterial of claim 1, wherein said pharmaceutically active moiety is paclitaxel doxorubicin, 5-fluorodeoxyuridine, estradiol, 2-methoxyestradiol, or a derivative thereof.

15. The biomaterial of claim 1, wherein the half-life of the ester or amide bond onto said pharmaceutically active moiety is between 1 day and 9 months in an aqueous solution at pH 7.4 and 37°

C.

16. The biomaterial of claim 1, wherein the half-life of the ester or amide bond onto said pharmaceutically active moiety is between 2 day and 6 months in an aqueous solution at pH 7.4 and 37°

C.

17. The biomaterial of claim 1, wherein the half-life of the ester or amide bond onto said pharmaceutically active moiety is between 4 day and 3 weeks in an aqueous solution at pH 7.4 and 37°

C.

9. A method of forming a biomaterial, said method comprising the step of:

(a) attaching a pharmaceutically active compound to a linker molecule or incorporating a nucleophilic amine or thiol into a pharmaceutically active compound,

(b) removing any thiol—

or amine-protecting groups in said linker,

(c) coupling a thiol, amine, or alkene group in said linker or incorporated into said pharmaceutically active compound to a water-soluble polymer or a water-swellable polymer comprising two or more conjugated unsaturated groups by a conjugated addition reaction to form a precursor component, and

(d) cross-linking the uncoupled conjugated unsaturated groups in one or more of said precursor components.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein said cross-linking of said uncoupled unsaturated groups occurs at or near a site within the body of a mammal.

18. The method of claim 9, wherein said pharmaceutically active compound is derived from one of the group consisting of synthetic organic molecules, naturally occurring organic molecules, nucleic acid molecules, biosynthetic proteins or peptides, naturally occurring peptides or proteins, and modified naturally occurring peptides or proteins.

19. The method of claim 9, wherein said pharmaceutically active compound is paclitaxel, doxorubicin, 5-fluorodeoxyuridine, estradiol, 2-methoxyestradiol, or a derivative thereof.

20. The method of claim 9, wherein the precursor component includes an ester or amide bond with a half-life between 1 hour and 1 year in an aqueous solution at pH 7.4 and 3°

C.

21. The method of claim 9, wherein the precursor component includes an ester or amide bond with a half-life between 1 day and 9 months in an aqueous solution at pH 7.4 and 3°

C.

22. The method of claim 9, wherein the precursor component includes an ester or amide bond with a half-life between 2 days and 6 months in an aqueous solution at pH 7.4 and 3°

C.

23. The method of claim 9, wherein the precursor component includes an ester or amide bond with a half-life between 4 days and 3 weeks in an aqueous solution at pH 7.4 and 3°

C.

11. A method of treating or preventing a disease, disorder, or infection in a mammal by administering to said mammal a biomaterial comprising a pharmaceutically active moiety, wherein said biomaterial has an ester or amide bond onto said pharmaceutically active moiety, said bond having a half-life of between 1 day and 1 year in an aqueous solution at pH 7.4 and 37°

C.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein said mammal is a human.

24. The method of claim 11, wherein said pharmaceutically active moiety is derived from one of the group consisting of synthetic organic molecules, naturally occurring organic molecules, nucleic acid molecules, biosynthetic proteins or peptides, naturally occurring peptides or proteins, and modified naturally occurring peptides or proteins.

25. The method of claim 11, wherein said pharmaceutically active moiety is doxorubicin, 5-fluorodeoxyuridine, estradiol, 2-methoxyestradiol, or a derivative thereof.

26. The method of claim 11, wherein the bond has a half-life between 1 day and 9 months in an aqueuos solution pH 7.4 and 37°

C.

27. The method of claim 11, wherein the bond has a half-life between 2 days and 6 months in an aqueuos solution pH 7.4 and 37°

C.

28. The method of claim 11, wherein the bond has a half-life between 4 days and 3 weeks in an aqueuos solution pH 7.4 and 37°

C.

36. The method of claim 11, wherein said biomaterial is cross-linked.

37. The method of claim 11, wherein said ester or amide bond is α

or β

to a secondary amine or a thioether.

38. The method of claim 11, wherein said pharmaceutically active moiety is paclitaxel or a derivative thereof.

29. A pharmaceutically active compound of the formula D—

O₂C—

(CH₂)_n—

SH or D—

N(O)C—

(CH₂)_n—

SH, wherein n is 1 or 2 and D is pharmaceutically active moiety.

30. The pharmaceutically active compound of claim 29 further comprising at least one polymer cross-linked to the pharmaceutically active compound by a conjugated addition reaction between a thiol group of the pharmaceutically active compound and a conjugated unsaturated group of the polymer.

31. A method of forming a biomaterial, said method of comprising the step of:

(a) attaching a pharmaceutically active compound to a linker molecule or incorporating a nucleophilic amine or thiol into a pharmaceutically active compound;

(b) coupling the thiol or amine in said linker or incorporated into said pharmaceutically active compound to a polymer comprising two or more conjugated unsaturated groups by a conjugated addition reaction to form a precursor component; and

(c) cross-linking the uncoupled conjugated unsaturated groups in one or more said precursor components.

32. The method of claim 31, wherein said cross-linking occurs at or near a site within the body of a mammal.

33. A method of forming a biomaterial, said method comprising the steps of:

(a) attaching a pharmaceutically active compound to a linker molecule or incorporating a nucleophilic amine or thiol into a pharmaceutically active compound;

(b) coupling the thiol or amine in said linker or incorporated into said pharmaceutically active compound to at least a first polymer comprising two or more conjugated unsaturated groups by a conjugate addition reaction to form a precursor component;

(c) providing at least a second precursor comprising nucleophilic groups; and

(d) cross-linking the conjugated unsaturated groups of the precursor of step b) to the nucleophilic groups of the precursor of step c) by a conjugated addition reaction.

34. The method of claim 33, wherein said cross-linking occurs at or near a site within the body of a mammal.

35. The method of claim 34, wherein said mammal is a human.